DE World Civ Industrial Revolution Ch. 23 Test
How did Britain attempt to maintain its industrial advantage over continental Europe?
By making it illegal for skilled industrial workers and technicians to leave Britain
The Factory Act of 1833 limited the factory workday of children between nine and thirteen to how many hours?
Eight
What did the poet William Blake think about industrialization?
He called the early factories "satanic mills" and protested the hard life of the poor
Who invented the steam-powered rolling mills, which allowed for the production of iron in any shape or form?
Henry Cort
Who invented the spinning jenny around 1765?
James Hargreaves
Which of the following was true of transportation in the eighteenth century?
No part of England was more than fifty miles from navigable water
One reason that cottage workers were reluctant to work in factories is that they resembled which of the following?
Poorhouses
When was the term Industrial Revolution coined?
1830s
By 1831, the mechanized cotton textile industry accounted for how much of England's entire industrial output?
22%
What was the most serious obstacle impeding industrial development in Britain in the eighteenth century?
An energy shortage
What was the first country on the European continent to emulate the new industry of Britain?
Belgium
What British-style industry did William Cockerill and his sons introduce to French-occupied Belgium in 1799?
Cotton spinning
In 1850, what two occupations employed the most people in Britain?
Farming and domestic service
Who wrote "The Condition of the Working Class in England"?
Friedrich Engels
How did James Watt fundamentally improve the Newcomen steam engine?
He added a condenser to the engine
Which of the following was a result of the boom in agriculture production of the eighteenth century?
People had more money to spend on manufactured goods
What did David Ricardo argue in his iron law of wages theory?
That the pressure of population growth prevents wages from rising above subsistence levels
Which of the following was one difference between Bargreaves's spinning jenny and Arkwright's water frame?
The jenny produced thinner thread
According to the text, the Mines Act of 1842 prohibited underground work for all women because of concerns about which of the following?
The sexual morality of the miners
Which of the following was a key development that encouraged continental European banks to invest in industrialization?
They began to establish limited-liability investments
What was the key demand of the Chartist movement?
Universal suffrage for all men
In eighteenth-century England, what were the first mechanized cotton-spinning machines powered by?
Water
Which of the following was the primary source of heat for all European homes and industries until the eighteenth century?
Wood
How did early factory work affect family life?
Workers often came to the mills and mines and were employed as whole family units
By reducing the vost of shipping freight, the railroad
created national markets
By the mid-nineteenth century, a new paradigm of social relations suggested that
individuals were members of separate classes based on their relationship to the means of productions
By 1844, Britain was producing 2 million tons of what metal?
Iron
Coal was an essential ingredient in the manufacture of what eighteenth-century product?
Iron
Outside of Europe, what country industrialized the earliest?
Japan
The world's first important steam-powered train, the Rocket, provided service between what two English cities?
Liverpool and Manchester
Handicraft workers who smashed the new machines they believed were putting them out of work were known as what?
Luddites
What did Edmund Cartwright invent in 1785?
Power loom
What did Robert Owen argue in 1816?
That employing children in factories was dangerous for them
What did Edwin Chadwick see as a positive effect of industrialization on the working people?
That industrialization appeared to be giving working people greater purchasing power
What did the British economist Thomas Malthus conclude in his 1798 Essay on the Principle of Population?
That men and women should limit population growth by marrying late in life
On the European continent, who took on the majority of the costs of building railroads?
The governments
After the Napoleonic Wars, the French government imposed tariff protections to prevent which of the following?
The import of cheaper foreign (often British) goods
What has recent scholarship concluded about the economic condition of the British working class in the early years of the Industrial Revolution?
The early years of industrialization were hard ones, and significant economic improvement did not come until after 1840
In which British industry did the first modern factories begin to appear?
The textile industry
In 1802, the British Parliament banned which of the following in factories?
The use of pauper apprentices
What was one of the major limitations of the putting-out system in the British textile industry?
There were not enough spinners to meet demand
What was particularly difficult for married women involved in factory work after the 1830s?
They had to balance factory work with child care and responsibilities at home
In the English putting-out system, what did merchants do with raw materials?
They loaned them to local cottage workers who processed them at home
What did the Factory Act of 1833 stipulate about children under nine years of age in the factories?
They were banned from employment
By 1830 in Britain and by 1860 in Germany and France, what had changed about leading industrialists?
They were more likely to have inherited their business
What was the aim of the Combination Acts of 1799?
To outlaw labor unions and strikes
What was one of the earliest uses for steam engines?
To pump water out of coal mines
The labor force of the early rural textile factories was recruited primarily from what group?
Young children abandoned by their parents
By the opening of the Crystal Palace exhibition of 1851, Great Britain
produced more than 50% of the world's iron and cotton cloth
"The Condition of the Working Class in England" proposed that
the new poverty of industrial workers was worse than the old poverty of cottage and agricultural workers