Deaf Culture Chapter 4 & 5

What is Deaf identity for Deaf people?

"Deaf" = state of being. Deaf identity = rewarding & full life centered on wellness & a NON disabled self-schema.

Who has the best outcome? In what areas?

Deaf people who had a comfortable relationship w/ both Deaf & hearing people... academic, social, personal & family acceptance.

What is the Introspection stage?

reexamine their extreme stance they may have taken in the previous stage. come up with new ways of thinking about who they are, what it means to be member of the Deaf community and how they want to relate to their families and the hearing world.

What are most of us members of?

more than 1 community

How do most deaf people start out?

start out as culturally captive or isolated. It isn't until they become a cultured and affiliate with the Deaf Community that they begin to adopt the bicultural or separate identity.

What did Glickman say?

that higher self-esteem was associated w/ bicultural identity. Deaf people who were comfortable w/ both Deaf community & hearing people scored higher than if they associated only with hearing people.

What is Deaf hood journey?

what many deaf folks go through in order to achieve a healthy identity as a Deaf person while living in a predominately hearing world.

What is enculturation at birth?

Deaf children who are born to Deaf families get their initial exposure to Deaf culture immediately after birth. The children's Language acquisition in sign language parallels the spoken language development of hearing children.

What did McCaw say?

bicultural orientation to both Deaf & hearing people had the healthiest sense of well-being.

What is Conformity?

conforming to society's expectations

What is the Resistance and immersion stage?

- individuals begin to want to learn more about their culture, associate more with people from their culture. They also can become angry at people who have deceived them about their culture and shun the mainstream. At this time many deaf people want to become known as Deaf. Some throw away hearing aids, stop using speech, and resist the hearing society. Some transfer to a Deaf school. They want to feel good about themselves for who they are and finally feel its ok to be Deaf!

What is the Dissonance stage?

- when a person is shown the positive aspects of their stigmatized community for the first time. This triggers a reevaluation of their group of people. The individual may find pride in their group, especially after attending a cultural experience for the first time with others like them. It is very eye-opening! Meeting successful people in your group gives you hope of what you can become as well.

How to Deaf people vary?

Association they have with both the hearing & Deaf societies Variations in upbringing will affect the degree of affinity w/ Deaf community & process of identity formation.

What is the best identity for Deaf people?

Bi-Cultural

What are the stages on the journey to "Deafhood" ?

Conformity, Dissonance, resistance and immersion, introspection and awareness.

What is the Awareness stage?

Deaf people come to terms with being Deaf. They are in complete control of themselves and make choices to live fuller lives. Whether they choose to use speech, get an implant, associate with hearing people, it will all be up to them not someone else.

What are Deaf dominant bicultural individuals?

Deaf people who function well around both Deaf & hearing people but if given a choice they would choose to be with Deaf people, or more specifically people who can sign.

How did Stokoe, Casterline, and Cranberg contribute to the work of Deaf Studies?

Published the first dictionary of ASL and included a section on the social and cultural characteristics of this linguistic community. This transformed the examination of deaf people from negative, disabled- oriented perspective to a more positive perspective of cultural appreciation. Terms such as "minority group" and "linguistic community" were used instead of "defective' and :handicapped".

What was Roy K. Holcombs contribution?

Roy K. Holcombs compiled a book called Hazards of Deafness. Book contained 650 vignettes that portrayed the humorous, hazardous and embarrassing experiences of being deaf in a sound based world. It presents the singular way of life among Deaf people through their own eyes.

What does the Deaf community suggest?

a dual orientation toward the Deaf community & hearing society was the healthiest approach a deaf person could take in achieving a positive identity.

What do most Deaf people grow up with?

a lack of experiences & opportunities geared toward the formation of a healthy Deaf identity & the subsequent association w/ Deaf community & the culture of Deaf people.

What are Hearing dominant bicultural individuals?

are people who can function well within the Deaf community but, have relatively limited contacts with other Deaf people, usually it is because of where they live and the limited opportunity's to interact with the Def community. Or it may be that they have a job that takes all of their time in order to succeed.

What is A culturally isolate individual ?

chooses no to be part of the Deaf community, they reject the Deaf culture and sign language and live a life of isolation and loneliness. This also pertain to Oral individuals who choose not to associate with the Deaf community, "isolated mainstream".

What lifestyle would hearing people this is best for the deaf?

choosing to live among the hearing would be the most desirable lifestyle for a deaf person. being in the hearing in the hearing society and not needing the "crutch" of sign language would be liberating.

What are balanced bicultural Deaf people?

comfortable in both the Deaf & hearing communities show no preference in terms of associating w/ one group or another.

What is culturally marginal individual?

does not feel at ease in the Deaf community but does not feel part of the larger, hearing society either. They may not speak well or they may not have strong signing skills.

What are Culturally captive individuals ?

grew up without knowledge of the Deaf community. sheltered by their parent s and the educational system. They grew up believing that there were no other deaf people like them or that no organizations existed to provide support for them, They never met another deaf person, learned ASL or even knew that there were opportunities for them to learn.

How is achieving a positive identity along and difficult journey?

ignorance of many hearing parents & hearing professionals who work with them.

How do Deaf people appear in the eyes of hearing people?

incomplete b/c they lack auditory connection to spoken language.

What is a culturally separated deaf person?

keeps contact with hearing people to a minimum

What will Deaf people continue to struggle with?

less than full access to language and communication. Being left out and misunderstood by their own families and society. Implanted children will continue to struggle with their identity.

Why is the journey to Deaf hood important?

necessary in order for Deaf individuals to create a comfortable and secure place for themselves within their own cultural groups and in the mainstream.

There is no what deaf person?

no one typical deaf person or a single identity that all deaf people share.

What was Kathryn Meadow Orlans contribution?

proposed that the experiences of Deaf people could best be described as subculture of the American culture and place Deaf culture among one of the many cultures that existed under the umbrella American culture

What happen in 1971?

Fred Schreiber proposed a shift of Deaf people from a medical model to a cultural focus. He said Deaf studies programs in schools for the deaf would be a wise investment for self-image and that lives of young Deaf children would vastly improve.

What happened at Gallaudet University after 1971?

Gallaudet established an endowed chair called the Powrie V. Doctor Chair of Deaf Studies and formally established the expanding field of Deaf studies.

What was Carol Paddens contribution?

wrote an essay called "The Culture and the Community of Deaf people." describes the predominate values of Deaf people which are language, disassociation from speech, social relations and stories and literature.She helped us appreciate that language and culture cannot be separated and that ASL was born out of Deaf peoples desires to have effective communication systems.

What was Barbara Kannapell s contribution?

In her article "Inside the Deaf Community" Barbara writes that the language provides Deaf people with 100% communication access and that deaf people are drawn to the Deaf community because of the need to achieve clear and effective communication. The ability to use ASL has become the most important criteria in evaluating a deaf person's affiliation with the Deaf community. She also identified cultural beliefs and values as a primary reason for the existence of the Deaf community.

What was Jack Gannons contribution?

Jack Gannons wrote, "Deaf Heritage, A Narrative of Deaf America" This book provided a detailed account of the way the Deaf community came into existence in America and how it thrived over the years despite oppression, discrimination, and scorn from the greater American society.