Dev Psych Chapter 11
Jaron just scored poorly on his SAT. If Jaron has high self-efficacy, he will likely decide to bypass college and enter the workforce. decide that he at least performed better than most students. decide that testing in the school gym had a negative impact on his performance. decide to study harder and retake the SAT.
decide to study harder and retake the SAT.
According to your text, risky behaviors such as drinking alcohol, smoking, and having unprotected sex have ________ among adolescents since the 1990s. increased decreased remained the same None of the answer choices are correct.
decreased
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning is characteristic of sensorimotor thought. preoperational thought. formal operational thought. concrete operational thought.
formal operational thought.
Compared to early-maturing boys, late-maturing boys are at greater risk for delinquent behavior. internalizing problems. substance abuse. conduct disorders.
internalizing problems.
The adolescent brain is not producing new brain functions. consistent since infancy. more influenced by peers and social relationships. fairly rigid, with minimal plasticity.
more influenced by peers and social relationships.
An increasing trend in drug use by high school youth is the abuse of nonprescription cough and cold medicines. methamphetamines. prescription antidepressants. inhalants.
nonprescription cough and cold medicines.
The most common problem associated with eating is bulimia. obesity. anorexia. addiction to junk food.
obesity.
In Kohlberg's proposed seventh stage, people consider the effects of their actions on their own well-being as well as the well-being of others. people cease to think of themselves as independent thinkers and instead think of themselves as part of a community or nation. people consider the effects of their actions on other people but also on the universe as well. people seek to "uphold social norms" through their actions.
people consider the effects of their actions on other people but also on the universe as well.
Which of the following is/are associated with the initial external signs of puberty? release of FSH smoother, nearly flawless skin increased levels of DHEA presence of pubic hair in girls
presence of pubic hair in girls
The organs necessary for reproduction are the secondary gender structures. secondary sex characteristics. primary sex characteristics. primary gender structures.
primary sex characteristics.
The process that leads to sexual maturity is the secular trend. puberty. adolescence. puberty rites.
puberty.
The timing of hormonal activity that signals the start of puberty seems to depend on the neurological program in the brain. the age of the person. reaching a critical amount of body fat. the personality of the person.
reaching a critical amount of body fat.
The leading cause of death among U.S. teenagers is suicide. cancer. homicide. vehicular accidents.
vehicular accidents.
In which of the following academic domains do girls typically surpass boys in adolescence? prosocial behavior verbal tasks that involve writing activities that involve spatial functions verbal tasks that involve mathematics
verbal tasks that involve writing
All the following behaviors pose risks to adolescents' physical and mental well-being, EXCEPT smoking cigarettes. accidents. working at a part-time job. drug abuse.
working at a part-time job.
What percentage of American high schoolers have admitted to binge drinking? 2 percent 10 percent 25 percent 52 percent
25 percent
Research suggests that the pubertal process takes about ________ in both sexes. 1-2 years. 3-4 years. 5-6 years. 7-8 years.
3-4 years.
At what age would you expect an average American girl to begin experiencing the changes that herald puberty? 8 6 10 11
8
At about what age would you expect an average American boy to experience the changes that herald puberty? 11 9 7 12
9
The growth spurt in girls usually begins between the ages of 12½ and 14½ 9½ and 14½ 9½ and 12½ 8 and 11.
9½ and 14½
Adolescents who have bulimia may be depressed. are overly concerned about body image. have low self-esteem. All answer choices are correct.
All answer choices are correct.
What is a reason that the ages attached to Kohlberg's levels are so variable? In research, moral judgments correlated positively with age, education, IQ, and socioeconomic status. As moral reasoning increases, moral behavior tends to stagnate. Achieving a high level of cognitive development does not always mean reaching a comparably high level of moral development. There tends to be a one-to-one relationship between moral reasoning and moral behavior.
Achieving a high level of cognitive development does not always mean reaching a comparably high level of moral development.
Adolescents who have bulimia may be depressed. All answer choices are correct. are overly concerned about body image. have low self-esteem.
All answer choices are correct.
During the past century, the onset of puberty has been coming at an earlier age in the United States and in some other countries. This is possibly related to earlier, higher levels of leptin. called a secular trend. All answer choices are correct. apparently related to a higher standard of living.
All answer choices are correct.
Factors that have been found to reduce the risk of suicidal behavior in today's youth include academic achievement. emotional well-being. All answer choices are correct. sense of connectedness.
All answer choices are correct.
Secondary sex characteristics include which of the following? pubic hair All answer choices are correct. broad shoulders in males breast growth in females
All answer choices are correct.
Treatment for anorexia and bulimia may include family therapy. antidepressant drugs. cognitive behavior therapy. All answer choices are correct.
All answer choices are correct.
Which of the following effects can sleep deprivation have? All answer choices are correct. increased irritability reduced concentration and performance in school impaired driving
All answer choices are correct.
Which of the following is a cause of obesity? poor eating habits inadequate physical activity genetic predisposition All answer choices are correct.
All answer choices are correct.
With formal thought, adolescents are able to love or hate concepts like exploitation or freedom. better appreciate the hidden messages in metaphor and allegory. think about and test relationships systematically. All answer choices are correct.
All answer choices are correct.
With formal thought, adolescents are able to think about and test relationships systematically. better appreciate the hidden messages in metaphor and allegory. All answer choices are correct. love or hate concepts like exploitation or freedom.
All answer choices are correct.
Which of the following is true of differences in body satisfaction among different groups of adolescents? African American girls tend to be more dissatisfied with their bodies than white girls. Asian American adolescents have higher body dissatisfaction than other ethnic groups. Girls tend to express high levels of body satisfaction when of average weight. Body satisfaction tends to be protective for underweight girls.
Asian American adolescents have higher body dissatisfaction than other ethnic groups.
Which of the following is true for treatment and options for helping overweight teenagers lose weight? Recent education and behavior modification programs since the year 2000 have decreased the number of teenagers who become overweight or obese. It is recommended that overweight adolescents lose some weight first before engaging in more physical activity, to reduce the risk of injury or illness. Behavioral modification programs are considered more effective than dieting. Dieting programs more often cause disorders like anorexia in teenagers than help them lose healthy levels of weight.
Behavioral modification programs are considered more effective than dieting.
Which of the following is true of adolescents' improvements in language abilities? Adolescents engage with words less as symbols and more as means of constructing arguments. Vocabulary does not increase, but the ability to use it does. Greater language abilities allow them to become more skilled in social perspective-taking. Adolescents tend to let go of language abstractions and focus more on logic and reasoning.
Greater language abilities allow them to become more skilled in social perspective-taking.
Which of the following is true regarding the secular trend for early onset of puberty? It does not appear to have a genetic limit. It is so called because it seems to be linked with the decreased influence of religion. It is found in nonindustrialized countries. It is probably due to better health and nutrition.
It is probably due to better health and nutrition.
Which of the following is NOT true? Kohlberg's system represents moral reasoning in non-Western cultures. Peer attitudes and actions affect the prosocial behavior of adolescents. According to Gilligan, Kohlberg's theory is oriented toward value important to men rather than to women. There is not always a clear relationship between moral reasoning and moral behavior.
Kohlberg's system represents moral reasoning in non-Western cultures.
Which of the following individuals is the most likely to drop out of high school? Latino boy white American girl Asian American boy African American girl
Latino boy
Which of the following is true of physical activity and the need for it in adolescence? U.S. adolescents exercise more frequently than adolescents in most other industrialized countries. Children from affluent families tend to get less exercise than those from lower SES groups. Males are twice as likely to meet physical activity recommendations as females. The CDC recommends that adolescents get roughly two hours of physical activity a day.
Males are twice as likely to meet physical activity recommendations as females.
Why might older studies of marijuana use not fully capture the effects of current levels of use? Modern marijuana is much more potent. Marijuana is now typically combined with other illicit substances, causing complicated effects. Rates of marijuana use have grown. Rates of marijuana use have declined.
Modern marijuana is much more potent.
Which of the following is true of prosocial behavior in adolescents? There seem to be no gender differences in expression of prosocial behavior. Peers may reinforce positive prosocial development in each other. Only about 10 percent of adolescents engage in volunteering as a form of prosocial behavior. In Western cultures, girls are more associated with prosocial behavior, and in Eastern cultures, boys are more associated with prosocial behavior.
Peers may reinforce positive prosocial development in each other.
Which of the following is true about the adolescent growth spurt? The growth spurt typically lasts about two years. The growth is faster than growth at any other time during the life span. A growth spurt follows the achievement of sexual maturity. Growth spurts usually occur earlier in boys than in girls.
The growth spurt typically lasts about two years.
Which of the following statements about gender as a factor in occupational choice is true? The consequences of the structural differences in brains based on gender seem to be growing. Girls benefit more from enriched neighborhoods and are hurt more by deprived neighborhoods. The brain structure of boys appears to better integrate verbal and analytic tasks. There are subtle differences in the way teachers treat boys and girls, especially in math and science classes.
There are subtle differences in the way teachers treat boys and girls, especially in math and science classes.
Which of the following is true of education globally? None of the answer choices are correct. U.S. adolescents are solidly in the middle in terms of academic performance globally All member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) have graduation rates of 50 percent or better. In the United States and in many countries globally, fewer students are finishing high school than ever before.
U.S. adolescents are solidly in the middle in terms of academic performance globally
Although most adolescents who attempt suicide do it by taking pills, the method of those who succeed is most likely to be an intentional car crash. overdose of recreational drugs. a firearm. carbon monoxide.
a firearm.
Several studies have suggested that ________ is/are associated with early menarche. harmonious family relationships parental involvement in child rearing parental warmth a harsh or difficult relationship with the mother or father
a harsh or difficult relationship with the mother or father
Before the twentieth century, there was no concept of adolescence; children moved to adulthood either through physical maturity or when they began apprenticeships. Adolescence is a genetically determined stage. a social construction. a sign of puberty. an arbitrary state.
a social construction.
As adolescents move into the stage of formal operations, they are able to make moral judgments and plan for the future. This means they are thinking abstractly. sophisticatedly. realistically. consistently.
abstractly.
When adolescents die, it is usually from which of the following? accident suicide cancer homicide
accident
Nocturnal emission is common in adolescent girls. also called a wet dream. found only in sexually active males. a signal of a sexual disorder.
also called a wet dream.
Which person is at greatest likelihood for engaging in risky sexual behaviors? a late-maturing girl an early-maturing girl an on-time maturing girl a late-maturing boy
an early-maturing girl
Miranda has not eaten any food for the past three days. She has lost so much weight recently that her bones are showing through her skin. Even so, when Miranda looks in the mirror, she sees a person who needs to lose another ten pounds. This behavioral pattern is most consistent with yo-yo dieting. anorexia nervosa. bulimia nervosa. binge eating disorder.
anorexia nervosa.
At age 18, Terri is 25 percent underweight and has stopped menstruating. However, she is afraid of becoming fat. She is also overactive and obsessed with food. She is probably schizophrenic. suicidal. bulimic. anorexic.
anorexic.
One of the major problems with currently existing vocational training programs is that they have limited enrollment. cannot graduate students fast enough to fill positions in the community. do not allow students to work part-time. are not comprehensive and not tied to the needs of business and industry.
are not comprehensive and not tied to the needs of business and industry.
The timing of adolescence occurs at varying times, depending on a society's definition. at a set time fixed by law. earlier than in previous centuries because of the "hurried child" phenomenon. later than in previous centuries because of the secular trend.
at varying times, depending on a society's definition.
According to research described in the text, parents of high school students who earned the highest grades were likely to be inconsistent. authoritarian. permissive. authoritative.
authoritative.
Research has shown that increased use of computers and video games has resulted in what positive for adolescents? better analytical skills better visual skills better critical thinking skills better reading skills
better visual skills
Annabeth often eats to excess, consuming very large quantities of food in one sitting. This pattern of food consumption is most consistent with bulimia nervosa. yo-yo dieting. anorexia nervosa. binge eating disorder.
binge eating disorder.
Adolescent girls are more likely to be depressed than adolescent boys. This may be related to the less help they get with emotional problems. higher levels of body fat. family conflict. biological changes in puberty.
biological changes in puberty.
Primary sex characteristics are frequently the cause of pimples, blackheads, and acne. the cause of the voice change in boys. body parts directly related to reproduction. pubic, facial, axillary, and body hair.
body parts directly related to reproduction.
To what two things did Piaget attribute the development of formal reasoning? new environmental opportunities and peer interaction greater responsibility and more frequent exposure to logic challenges brain maturation and moral development brain maturation and new environmental opportunities
brain maturation and new environmental opportunities
Stacy often eats to excess, consuming very large quantities of food in one sitting. After she binges, Stacy will then go to the gym for hours at time. Stacy's behavioral pattern is most consistent with anorexia nervosa. binge eating disorder. bulimia nervosa. yo-yo dieting.
bulimia nervosa.
A pattern of late bedtimes and getting up early for school can contribute to increased capacity for social development. night terrors. concentration problems. delayed pubertal development.
concentration problems.
Ron has internalized the moral standards of his parents and grandparents. He is concerned with being considered a good son and maintaining the social order. According to Kohlberg, Ron is in the stage of conventional morality. postconventional morality. authoritarian morality. preconventional morality.
conventional morality.
Physical exercise affects both physical and mental health by doing all of the following EXCEPT decreasing time spent dealing with friends. reducing anxiety and stress. helping build desired muscle. increasing feelings of confidence.
decreasing time spent dealing with friends.
Sandy has noticed that her younger brother is beginning to emit much stronger body odor than he used to. His skin is oily and he has some hair underneath his arms now. Sandy's brother is specifically experiencing increased levels of dehydroepiandrosterone. luteinizing hormone. adrenaline. gonadotropin releasing hormone.
dehydroepiandrosterone.
The typical anorexic is most likely to be rarely thinking about food or handling it. depressed. an underachiever in school. fully aware of how abnormally thin she is, but cannot help herself.
depressed.
The "personal fable" component of adolescents' thinking might lead them to do which of the following? drive recklessly seek to befriend a fellow student who is feeling unloved or unwanted believe everyone else is noticing what they are wearing withdraw into themselves and not engage socially
drive recklessly
According to the text, adolescence is best defined as puberty. encompassing the years between 11 and 19 or 20. an apprenticeship. cognitive changes.
encompassing the years between 11 and 19 or 20.
Research has shown which environmental change may have contributed to earlier pubertal timing? exposure to certain plastics, flame retardants, and pesticides the availability of fluoridated and sterilized water the pasteurization of milk products higher global temperatures
exposure to certain plastics, flame retardants, and pesticides
The fact that Cameron can respond to the question, "What do you think would happen if all the oceans dried up?" suggests that Cameron is capable of preoperational thought. symbolic thought. concrete operational thought. formal operational thought.
formal operational thought.
According to Piaget, adolescents are in which stage of cognitive development? preoperational sensorimotor formal operations concrete operations
formal operations
Lucy solves a chemistry problem by systematically testing several hypotheses. She is at which stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget? formal operations sensorimotor preoperational concrete operations
formal operations
Which of the following describes the major changes that occur in the brain during adolescence? growth of gray matter growth alone halting of brain changes growth and pruning of gray matter
growth and pruning of gray matter
Ramone seems overly affected by comments from his peers. According to your text, Ramone has an increasing volume of the temporoparietal junction. has heightened neurobehavioral susceptibility to social reward cues. has lower processing of social information. has an increasing volume of the posterior superior temporal sulcus.
has heightened neurobehavioral susceptibility to social reward cues.
Ms. Heil is a new teacher at Roosevelt High School. She is concerned about her students and pays close attention to their affective behavior. When assessing a student's potential for suicidal behavior, Ms. Heil should look for all of the following EXCEPT high tolerance for frustration. perpetrators and victims of violence. antisocial behavior. depression.
high tolerance for frustration.
The hormonal changes that cause puberty begin with the lacrimal. hypothalamus. pituitary. thyroid.
hypothalamus.
According to Elkind, what is a limitation of adolescents' newfound capacity for self-consciousness? an inability to think about thinking lack of ego imaginary audience preoccupation with other's mental states
imaginary audience
The unhealthy diets of many adolescents commonly place them at risk for all of the following EXCEPT high-fat and low-nutrient eating. increased heart attacks. being overweight. deficiencies in iron.
increased heart attacks.
Depression can manifest in adolescents as which behavior? irritability laziness ebullience schizophrenia
irritability
Menarche, or the first menstruation, accompanies the onset of the development of pubic hair. is a sign of sexual maturity. occurs at the beginning of puberty. signals a sexual disorder.
is a sign of sexual maturity.
Oftentimes the educational system, because of its emphasis on the ability to memorize and analyze material, guides all students to become good thinkers. provides opportunities for students to enter any profession they desire. isolates students whose strengths lie in creative or practical thinking. offers students a variety of avenues to explore in pursuing their vocational aspirations.
isolates students whose strengths lie in creative or practical thinking.
According to Gilligan, the moral reasoning of males focuses on ________, whereas the moral reasoning of females is concerned with ________. justice; showing care avoiding harm; avoiding blame punishments; rewards responsibility; justice
justice; showing care
After completion of treatment, ________ of anorexics make a full recovery. just over 25 percent about 10 percent nearly 100 percent less than 50 percent
less than 50 percent
At puberty, brain changes include major changes in gray matter in the frontal lobes. no changes in brain development. underactivation of the amygdala. a decline in gray matter in the prefrontal cortex.
major changes in gray matter in the frontal lobes.
Moneisha, a teenager, finds that she does not get tired until much later at night than she did when she was younger. Which hormone is most directly related to Moneisha's change in sleeping patterns? androgen estrogen testosterone melatonin
melatonin
The term for one's first period is puberty. menarche. spermarche. adolescence.
menarche.
Which of the following is a central organizing experience in most adolescents' lives? church work school political environment
school
Mack's broadening shoulders at age 13 reflect the emergence of tertiary sex characteristics. primary sex characteristics. All answer choices are correct. secondary sex characteristics.
secondary sex characteristics.
Puberty began for Molly when she was 9 years old. Her mother began puberty at 11 years old. For her grandmother, the onset was at 13 years of age. These changes in the age of the onset of puberty over time are referred to as a ________ trend. sexual cross-sectional physiologic secular
secular
The fact that the age of onset of puberty has steadily been decreasing in developed countries for the past hundred years is called a(n) unobserved phenomenon. social construction. secular trend. miracle.
secular trend.
Adolescence was created by nature. poets. society. the media.
society.
Compared to boys of the same age, girls between the ages of 11 and 13 are thinner. taller. weaker. smarter.
taller.
Which of the following was NOT one of the factors listed in your text that contribute to higher rates of depression in teenage females? biological changes in puberty greater vulnerability to stress in social relationships than males different socialization than males tendency to engage in yo-yo dieting
tendency to engage in yo-yo dieting
Which of these groups has the highest rate of suicide? white adolescents transgender and gender-nonconforming adolescents African American adolescents gay and lesbian adolescents
transgender and gender-nonconforming adolescents
Jack, a 16-year-old male, drives way over the speed limit everywhere he goes. This risky behavior is most likely linked to listening to pop music. sibling rivalry. watching too much television. the brain's immaturity.
the brain's immaturity.
Which of the following is/are LEAST important to whether a high school is a good school? the latest high-tech teaching equipment offerings for extracurricular activities a positive sense of community an orderly, safe atmosphere
the latest high-tech teaching equipment
All of the following are strong factors in getting adolescents to start smoking, EXCEPT early experience with tobacco. family influences. peer pressure. the taste of tobacco.
the taste of tobacco.
Asian American students, on average, get higher grades and score higher on achievement tests than white students, because they have no moral standard against cheating. they are innately smarter than white students. they are obsessed with achievement. their parents and peers value achievement.
their parents and peers value achievement.