Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria
why does the gram negative bacteria contain a cell envelope?
"lipopolysaccharide" envelope protects bacteria against bile salts and antibiotics innate hosts immune response protects from septic shock critical for endotoxin activity
what is the inclusion body in gram positive bacteria?
-site if viral multiplication
What is the periplasmic space?
Space between outer membrane and inner membrane of the cell wall in Gram-negative bacteria. contains enzymes involved in transport, degradation and synthesis
What are biofilms?
a thin, slimy film of bacteria that adheres to a surface.
what is the function of the bacterial cell wall?
allows rigidity strength cell shape up to 40 layers thick
explain the effects of lipoteichoic acid in gram positive bacteria
anchored to cell membrane mutants display significant growth and physiological defects
What are endotoxins?
associate with outer membrane of gram negative pathogens they almost always associate to the LPS complex
what is the location of gene of endotoxins?
bacterial chromosomes
what are the differences in the cell wall between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?
cell wall of gram positive is thick cell wall of gram negative is thin both made of meurin
out of endotoxins and endotoxins which is destroyed at a higher heat?
endotoxins (100 degrees) exo only 60
why does gram positive bacteria contain techoic acid?
essential for cell viability shape determination cell division
is exotoxin or endotoxin antigenic?
exotoxin can induce antitoxins endotoxins cannot
Which is more toxic, endotoxins or exotoxins
exotoxins
what clinical effects does exotoxins have
fever shock hypotension edema sepsis
which bacteria is a lipopolysaccharide
gram negative
which bacteria releases endotoxins
gram negative
what's the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?
gram negative has two membranes inner and outer gram positive has two one membrane
which type of bacteria is sensitive to lysozymes?
gram positive is sensitive gram negative is not sensitive
which type of bacteria is sensitive to penicillin?
gram positive is sensitive to it gram negative is not
how do the different bacteria show up when using gram stains?
gram positive shows up purple grame negative shows up negative
what is the role of pili on gram negative bacteria?
hair like protein sub units role in adherence to the bacteria and host cell helps cells interact between cells
what does the LPS complex stand for?
lipopolysaccharide
how is the cell wall of bacteria made up?
made of carbohydrate backbone of two alternating units held together by cross linked peptides
can vaccines be used to treat exotoxins or endotoxins
only exotoxins (toxoids)
What is murein?
peptidoglycan
what is the location of genes in exotoxins?
plasmid/bacteriophage
what is the role of the capsule?
prevents phagocytes engulfing the bacteria
What are exotoxins?
secreted by both types of bacteria in some cases only released by the lysis of bacterial cells
what do the porins in gram positive and negative bacteria allow?
small hydrophilic molecules to enter
do bacteria produce exotoxins?
sometimes
do these bacteria contain caspids?
sometimes
what diseases to exotoxins cause
tetanus and botulism
