Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria

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why does the gram negative bacteria contain a cell envelope?

"lipopolysaccharide" envelope protects bacteria against bile salts and antibiotics innate hosts immune response protects from septic shock critical for endotoxin activity

what is the inclusion body in gram positive bacteria?

-site if viral multiplication

What is the periplasmic space?

Space between outer membrane and inner membrane of the cell wall in Gram-negative bacteria. contains enzymes involved in transport, degradation and synthesis

What are biofilms?

a thin, slimy film of bacteria that adheres to a surface.

what is the function of the bacterial cell wall?

allows rigidity strength cell shape up to 40 layers thick

explain the effects of lipoteichoic acid in gram positive bacteria

anchored to cell membrane mutants display significant growth and physiological defects

What are endotoxins?

associate with outer membrane of gram negative pathogens they almost always associate to the LPS complex

what is the location of gene of endotoxins?

bacterial chromosomes

what are the differences in the cell wall between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?

cell wall of gram positive is thick cell wall of gram negative is thin both made of meurin

out of endotoxins and endotoxins which is destroyed at a higher heat?

endotoxins (100 degrees) exo only 60

why does gram positive bacteria contain techoic acid?

essential for cell viability shape determination cell division

is exotoxin or endotoxin antigenic?

exotoxin can induce antitoxins endotoxins cannot

Which is more toxic, endotoxins or exotoxins

exotoxins

what clinical effects does exotoxins have

fever shock hypotension edema sepsis

which bacteria is a lipopolysaccharide

gram negative

which bacteria releases endotoxins

gram negative

what's the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?

gram negative has two membranes inner and outer gram positive has two one membrane

which type of bacteria is sensitive to lysozymes?

gram positive is sensitive gram negative is not sensitive

which type of bacteria is sensitive to penicillin?

gram positive is sensitive to it gram negative is not

how do the different bacteria show up when using gram stains?

gram positive shows up purple grame negative shows up negative

what is the role of pili on gram negative bacteria?

hair like protein sub units role in adherence to the bacteria and host cell helps cells interact between cells

what does the LPS complex stand for?

lipopolysaccharide

how is the cell wall of bacteria made up?

made of carbohydrate backbone of two alternating units held together by cross linked peptides

can vaccines be used to treat exotoxins or endotoxins

only exotoxins (toxoids)

What is murein?

peptidoglycan

what is the location of genes in exotoxins?

plasmid/bacteriophage

what is the role of the capsule?

prevents phagocytes engulfing the bacteria

What are exotoxins?

secreted by both types of bacteria in some cases only released by the lysis of bacterial cells

what do the porins in gram positive and negative bacteria allow?

small hydrophilic molecules to enter

do bacteria produce exotoxins?

sometimes

do these bacteria contain caspids?

sometimes

what diseases to exotoxins cause

tetanus and botulism


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