Developmental Concepts - Peds Module 1
Is the following statement True or False? The nurse should recommend that parents of a 3- to 5-year-old receive 500- to 800-mg calcium and 10-mg iron daily.
True
Is the following statement True or False? Suicide is the third leading cause of death in adolescents 15 to 19 years of age.
True
Is the following statement True or False? The nurse caring for an adolescent should teach the parents to monitor their adolescent's interaction with peer groups.
True
The developmental task of the adolescent period, according to Erikson, is to form a sense of: A) autonomy versus shame or doubt. B) initiative versus guilt. C) identity versus role confusion. D) decisiveness versus indecisiveness.
C) identity versus role confusion.
The nurse is assessing the cognitive development of an adolescent. Which of the following statements accurately represents a normal finding at this stage? A) the adolescent progresses from an abstract to a concrete framework of thinking B) the adolescent develops the ability to think outside the present C) all adolescents achieve formal operational reasoning at the same time D) adolescent thinking starts out very introspective and then becomes egocentric
B) the adolescent develops the ability to think outside the present
The nurse is assessing a 5-year-old child for signs of developmental delay. Which would alert the nurse to a potential problem? A) the child can build a tower of six blocks B) the child does not play with other children C) the child engages in fantasy play D) the child separates from parent easily
B) the child does not play with other children
The nurse is conducting developmental surveillance on a child and his family. Which of the following is a component of this process? A) measuring the child's head circumference B) administering vaccinations C) addressing parental concerns D) performing a physical assessment
C) addressing parental concerns
During a well-baby visit the mother of a 3-month-old infant tells the nurse that she does not understand why her baby continues to spit out food during feeding of solid foods. What is the best response by the nurse? A) "Maybe if you make your own baby food your infant will like it better." B) "I will make sure to let the physician know." C) "A lot of babies do this at first. Just give it some time and I'm sure your baby won't continue spitting out solid food." D) "Infants still have a tongue protrusion reflex until 4 to 6 months so they can't help but push out the solid food."
D) "Infants still have a tongue protrusion reflex until 4 to 6 months so they can't help but push out the solid food."
Infant development is best described by which statement? A) Development varies greatly from infant to infant. B) Development is not sequential but predictable. C) Development proceeds from fine to gross. D) Development proceeds cephalocaudally.
D) Development proceeds cephalocaudally. Growth and development both proceed from head to toe, or in a cephalocaudal sequence
The nurse is caring for a preschool child in the hospital with severe developmental delays. The parents have 3 other younger children at home and both parents work full-time outside the home. The family has just moved to this area. Which nursing diagnosis would be the highest priority in regard to the parents at this time? A) Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements B) Interrupted family processes C) Readiness for enhanced parenting D) Risk for caregiver role strain
D) Risk for caregiver role strain
The nurse is teaching healthy eating habits to the parents of a 7-month-old girl. Which recommendation is the most valuable advice? A) Let the child eat only the foods she prefers B) Actively urge the child to eat new foods C) Provide small portions that must be eaten D) Serve new foods several times
D) Serve new foods several times
Is the following statement True or False? The school-age child's peer group values usually dominate when parental and peer group values come into conflict.
False They are still dependent on parents for support and opinions
Is the following statement True or False? The nurse providing pediatric health supervision should focus on the illness of children.
False Focus on the health not the illness
Is the following statement True or False? Fine motor skills develop in a cephalocaudal fashion (from the center to the periphery).
False Gross motor skills from center to periphery
The nurse is providing a nutrition workshop for the parents of infants. The nurse understands that further instruction is required when hearing which comments from the parents? Select all that apply. A) "Food is so expensive. I can't afford for my child to leave any food on the plate." B) "I have tried at least 10 times with every green vegetable and I can't get my son to like them." C) "I try to eat healthy in front of my daughter so she will hopefully pick up good eating habits." D) "I let my child eat whatever he wants right now so that we don't argue about food. Hopefully he will like healthy foods when he grows up." E) "I plan on encouraging my son to cook with me when he is old enough so that he will enjoy a variety of foods and learn how to cook too."
A) "Food is so expensive. I can't afford for my child to leave any food on the plate." B) "I have tried at least 10 times with every green vegetable and I can't get my son to like them." D) "I let my child eat whatever he wants right now so that we don't argue about food. Hopefully he will like healthy foods when he grows up."
The nurse is helping the mother of a 5-month-old boy understand the importance of developmentally appropriate play. Which one of the toys best meets the needs of this child? A) A yellow rubber duck for the bath B) A push-pull toy C) Pots and pans from the kitchen cupboard D) Brightly colored stacking toy
A) A yellow rubber duck for the bath
Which activity is most beneficial in the development of the newborn? A) Being sung to by his mother B) Placement in an infant swing in a position to allow observation of the family's activities C) Laying on his back with a mobile overhead to watch D) Listening to classical music
A) Being sung to by his mother
An infant has been brought to the clinic for a well-child check. The infant is 12 months of age. The child's birth weight was 6 pounds, 7 ounces. What is the anticipated weight for the child at this visit? A) 18 pounds B) 19 pounds, 5 ounces C) 20 pounds D) 21 pounds, 9 ounces
B) 19 pounds, 5 ounces Most infants double their birth weight by 4 months of age and triple their birth weight by the time they are 1 year old.
The nurse is educating the parents of a 6-year-old boy how to manage the child's introduction into elementary school. The child has an easy temperament. Which action should the nurse suggest? A) Comforting the child when he is frustrated B) Helping the child deal with minor stresses C) Scheduling several visits to the school before classes start D) Being firm with episodes of moodiness and irritability
B) Helping the child deal with minor stresses
Which action is appropriate to enhance a toddler's self-esteem? A) Utilize belittling techniques as opposed to time-outs. B) Include the child in activities that interest the adult. C) Utilize negative criticism as well as positive reinforcement. D) Avoid applauding for unsuccessful attempts.
B) Include the child in activities that interest the adult.
A 10 year-old child on the oncology unit has attended mass every Sunday in the hospital chapel during every stay in the facility. What does the nurse suspect is the most likely reason for this attendance? A) The child is afraid of dying and feels that going to mass may prolong life B) The child is comforted by participating in the rituals associated with their religion C) The child feels obligated to attend services because the parents feel strongly that religion is important D) The child likes to have distraction from the hospital environment by going to the chapel
B) The child is comforted by participating in the rituals associated with their religion
The nurse is assessing the psychosocial development of a 10-year-old child. What observations would lead the nurse to determine that the child is not achieving the developmental task of Erikson's industry versus inferiority? Select all that apply. A) The child joins 3 different clubs at school B) The child tries out for various teams at school but does not make any of them C) The child is an average soccer player and the parents enforce 1 to 2 hours of practice per day D) The child enjoys music so the parents offer the child music lessons E) The child is interested in science and attends a science camp every year
B) The child tries out for various teams at school but does not make any of them C) The child is an average soccer player and the parents enforce 1 to 2 hours of practice per day
What anticipatory guidance can the nurse provide the girl who has noted the development of breast buds? A) The growth spurt will begin immediately with menarche. B) Breast development will be complete with 12 months. C) Menarche should follow in about 2 years. D) Adult height will be reached at the time of menarche.
C) Menarche should follow in about 2 years.
At what age would it be okay to introduce carrots to an infant's diet? A) Solid food can be introduced whenever the child seems ready. B) Solid food can be introduced after 9 months of age. C) Solid food can be introduced at 7 to 9 months of age. D) Solid food can be introduced at 4 to 6 months of age.
D) Solid food can be introduced at 4 to 6 months of age.
The nurse is planning a diet for a toddler that is rich in vitamin A. Which of the following foods might the nurse include? A) avocados B) corn C) strawberries D) spinach
D) spinach
The nurse is providing atraumatic care to a child hospitalized for cardiac surgery. Which is a recommended guideline when communicating with the child's parents? A) do not cause undue stress by providing details of the surgery B) direct the focus of the parent from providing routine care of the child to preparing for the surgery C) direct the parents to the physician if they have questions about the surgery D) treat the parents as equal partners in the care of their child by allowing them to perform as much care as possible
D) treat the parents as equal partners in the care of their child by allowing them to perform as much care as possible
A nurse is assisting with a seat belt clinic at a local community center. Which parents should the nurse speak with after inspecting their seat belt use? Select all that apply. A) The parents of a 10-year-old whose child is sitting in the front seat with the seat belt properly fastened B) The parents of a 6-year-old who has the shoulder belt behind the back due to the strap lying across the face C) The parents who ask their 9-year-old child to fasten the seat belt before starting the car D) The parents of a 12-year-old who still uses child-proof locks in the back seats E) The parents of a 8-year-old who check to see if the lap belt portion of the seat belt is lying low on the hips
A) The parents of a 10-year-old whose child is sitting in the front seat with the seat belt properly fastened B) The parents of a 6-year-old who has the shoulder belt behind the back due to the strap lying across the face
A nurse is teaching a group of parents of preschoolers about safety. Which information would the nurse include? Select all that apply. A) "Do not refer to medicines as candy." B) "Do not allow your child to approach strange dogs." C) "Allow your child to ride in the front seat of the car." D) "Have your child hold hands with a grown-up in parking lots." E) "Role-model bicycle safety by wearing a helmet too."
A) "Do not refer to medicines as candy." B) "Do not allow your child to approach strange dogs." D) "Have your child hold hands with a grown-up in parking lots." E) "Role-model bicycle safety by wearing a helmet too."
The school nurse has just completed a presentation about normal adolescent physical growth to a group of adolescent students. Which comments by the adolescents indicate understanding of the nurse's presentation? Select all that apply. A) "It's strange how girls start getting taller before boys start getting taller." B) "Since I'm a 15-year-old guy, I still have a chance to get taller over the next couple of years." C) "Since I just had my first period and I am 14 years old, I probably haven't reached my peak height yet." D) "It doesn't seem fair that girls typically have more fat than boys." E) "Our hormones are sure going to cause us to change a lot over our teenage years."
A) "It's strange how girls start getting taller before boys start getting taller." B) "Since I'm a 15-year-old guy, I still have a chance to get taller over the next couple of years." C) "Since I just had my first period and I am 14 years old, I probably haven't reached my peak height yet." D) "It doesn't seem fair that girls typically have more fat than boys." E) "Our hormones are sure going to cause us to change a lot over our teenage years."
A nurse is discussing safety measures with the parents of a toddler. What would the nurse emphasize to address the most frequent type of accident in toddlers? A) "Keep all cleaning products and drugs out of the reach of your child." B) "Turn the handles of your pots away from the edge of the stove when cooking." C) "Make sure to have your child securely fastened in a car seat." D) "Have your child wear a helmet when beginning to ride a tricycle."
A) "Keep all cleaning products and drugs out of the reach of your child."
A school nurse has completed an educational program for parents of the preschool children. Which statement by a participant indicates a need for further education? A) "My 5-year-old son still needs me to dress and undress him." B) "I need to work with my 4-year-old, she should be able to cut paper with scissors on her own." C) "My 3-year-old is doing fine, he can hop on one foot already." D) "I'm glad to know that it's okay that my 5-year-old is learning to skate."
A) "My 5-year-old son still needs me to dress and undress him."
Nursing students reviewing information about discipline demonstrate a need for additional education when they identify what information as correct? A) Discipline and punishment are interchangeable. B) Discipline involves setting rules. C) Discipline helps children know what is expected. D) When discipline breaks down, the consequence is punishment.
A) Discipline and punishment are interchangeable.
The nurse is caring for a child who is described as being an inquisitive learner, loves to learn new things, and feels a sense of accomplishment when succeeding in activities. The nurse understands that this child is in which of Erikson's stages of development? A) Initiative versus guilt B) Autonomy versus shame and doubt C) Trust versus mistrust D) Industry versus inferiority
A) Initiative versus guilt
While evaluating the development of a 10-month-old boy, a nurse hides the boy's stuffed animal behind her back. The boy crawls around the examination table to look behind the nurse's back for the stuffed animal. Which developmental phenomena has this infant demonstrated? A) Hand regard B) Object permanence C) Binocular vision D) Depth perception
A) Object permanence
What activities would a nurse recommend to the families of school-aged children to promote attainment of Erikson's developmental stage of industry vs. inferiority? Select all that apply. A) Participating on the school soccer team B) Praising the child for their academic efforts C) Voicing parental doubts when the child begins a new activity, such as playing a musical instrument to avoid embarrassment D) Allowing the child to assist her teacher in straightening up the classroom E) Commiserating with the child when he or she does not get selected for the school choir
A) Participating on the school soccer team B) Praising the child for their academic efforts D) Allowing the child to assist her teacher in straightening up the classroom
A female client tells the nurse about noticing an increase in weight and fat deposits during the past year. The nurse reviews the client's chart and recognizes that the client is most likely going through puberty. Which nursing action is most appropriate at this time? A) Provide reassurance that these are normal changes. B) Review dietary measures to assist in controlling weight gain. C) Encourage increased exercise to control weight gain. D) Share what foods can be eaten on a low-fat diet to prevent fat deposits.
A) Provide reassurance that these are normal changes.
A stay-at-home father wants to purchase commercial toddler meals because his 16-month-old girl recently choked on table food. Which food items will the nurse suggest not be given to this child? Select all that apply. A) Round foods such as hot dogs, whole grapes, and cherry tomatoes B) Hard foods such as nuts, raw carrots, and popcorn C) Sticky foods like peanut butter alone, gummy candies, and marshmallows D) Vegetables such as corn, green beans, and peas E) Fruits such as peaches, pears, and kiwi
A) Round foods such as hot dogs, whole grapes, and cherry tomatoes B) Hard foods such as nuts, raw carrots, and popcorn C) Sticky foods like peanut butter alone, gummy candies, and marshmallows
What action shows an example of Erik Erikson's developmental task for the infant? A) The infant cries and the caregiver picks the child up. B) The infant cries when he or she has a wet diaper. C) The infant smiles as people walk past the crib. D) The infant plays the game peek-a-boo.
A) The infant cries and the caregiver picks the child up.
A nurse is talking to and making facial expressions at a 9-month-old baby girl during a routine office visit. What is the most advanced milestone of language development that the nurse should expect to see in this child? A) The infant says "da-da" when looking at her father B) The infant squeals with pleasure C) The infant coos, babbles, and gurgles D) The infant imitates her father's cough
A) The infant says "da-da" when looking at her father
The parents of twin 2-year-old toddlers are asking the nurse how to discipline the children. It seems they feed off one another's feelings and many times get into fights over everything. When giving advice about discipline, which statement should be shared with the parents? Select all that apply. A) The rule with time out is tell the child why they are going to time out and keep it to 1 minute per year of age. B) Warnings about going to time out should not be done. If the child breaks a rule, send them directly to time out. C) The discipline the parents choose should be consistent for every time the child breaks the same rule. D) If possible, try to praise correct behavior rather than punish wrong behavior. E) It is normal for children to hit their friends if the friend takes one of their toys, so the friend should be warned not to take toys that are being played with.
A) The rule with time out is tell the child why they are going to time out and keep it to 1 minute per year of age. C) The discipline the parents choose should be consistent for every time the child breaks the same rule. D) If possible, try to praise correct behavior rather than punish wrong behavior.
The nurse is assessing a 4-year-old for gross motor skill development. Which would the nurse expect this preschooler to have accomplished? A) hopping on one foot B) standing on one foot for 10 seconds C) skipping D) swimming
A) hopping on one foot
According to Erikson, the adolescent develops his or her own sense of being an independent person with individual thoughts and goals. This stage is referred to as: A) identity vs. role confusion. B) autonomy vs. doubt and shame. C) industry vs. inferiority. D) intimacy vs. isolation.
A) identity vs. role confusion.
The nurse pulls the 5-month-old to sitting position from supine and notes head lag. The nurse's response is to: A) refer the infant for developmental and/or neurologic evaluation. B) conclude the earlier assessments carried out fatigued the infant. C) consider this a normal response for the age. D) suggest more awake tummy time for the child.
A) refer the infant for developmental and/or neurologic evaluation.
A father mentioned to the nurse that his usually smiling, happy 8-month-old boy was clingy and intensely serious when his grandmother visited from a distant city. The nurse explained the child was experiencing: A) stranger anxiety. B) changes in temperament. C) cephalocaudal development. D) separation anxiety. E) colic.
A) stranger anxiety.
The parents of a 7-year-old tell the nurse that they are concerned that their child has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) because he can't seem to stay focused when playing in a baseball game. What questions/comments by the nurse are appropriate? Select all that apply. A) "Many boys of this age have ADHD. He may need to have medication prescribed." B) "How is his attention span during school?" C) "Do you notice him getting distracted in other activities, like bicycling?" D) "Young boys get easily distracted during baseball." E) "He is rather young developmentally to be playing a sport like baseball."
B) "How is his attention span during school?" C) "Do you notice him getting distracted in other activities, like bicycling?"
Which statement by a parent would best prepare the toddler for the parent's return if the parent must leave the hospital? A) "I will be back in the morning. Mommy loves you." B) "I will be back after you eat your dinner and SpongeBob goes off." C) "I will be back later this afternoon." D) "I will come back when it is time for your bath tonight."
B) "I will be back after you eat your dinner and SpongeBob goes off."
The parents of a 9-year-old boy report they have been homeschooling their son and now plan to enroll him in the local public school. They voice concerns about the influence of the other children on their son's values. Which information should the nurse provide the parents? A) "At your son's age, values are most influenced by peers." B) "The values of the family will likely prevail for your son." C) "Values are largely inborn and will be impacted only in a limited way by environmental influences." D) "The teacher will begin to have the largest influence on a child's values at this age."
B) "The values of the family will likely prevail for your son."
A nurse is assigned to care for a 7-year-old child. The child wants to show the nurse a collection of baseball cards. The nurse understands that the collection of objects is common in this age group and is known as what type of thinking? A) Decentration B) Classification C) Egocentric thinking D) Preoperational thinking
B) Classification
Parents are beginning potty training their 2-year-old child and seek advice from the nurse on how to be successful in this endeavor. Which statement by the parents indicates that further teaching is needed? A) "We will place him on the potty for 5 minutes for each session." B) "I bought him big boy underwear for him to use instead of diapers." C) "He wants to accompany me to the bathroom but I prefer to go alone." D) "I will wait until he is off the toilet before flushing it."
C) "He wants to accompany me to the bathroom but I prefer to go alone."
The mother of a 6-week-old infant reports she doesn't know if her child recognizes her face yet. What response by the nurse is most appropriate? A) "Recognition of faces and voices will come with time." B) "Don't worry. He knows you are his mother." C) "Since about 4 weeks of age your child has been able to recognize those who are around him often." D) "Recognition of this type begins around 8 weeks of age."
C) "Since about 4 weeks of age your child has been able to recognize those who are around him often."
By what age should the child know his/her own gender? A) 1 year B) 2 years C) 3 years D) 4 years
C) 3 years
The nurse is providing client education to the parent about bathing the infant. What would be important to instruct the parent? A) Infants need a daily bath B) Soap lubricates and oils an infant's skin C) Bath time provides an opportunity for play D) Never use soap on an infant's hair
C) Bath time provides an opportunity for play
What is a true statement regarding the developmental milestones of the 30-month-old child? A) Triples birth weight B) Anterior fontanel closes C) Full set of primary teeth D) Head circumference equals chest circumference
C) Full set of primary teeth Developmental milestones of a 30-month-old child include acquiring a full set of primary or baby teeth. A child at this age is developing a sense of humor, can put on clothes, wash hands and brush teeth. The 12-month-old child should double the birth weight. The anterior fontanel closes at 18 to 24 months. Head circumference equals chest circumference at 12 months.
The nurse finds the diet of a 30-month-old girl to be low in calcium. What suggestion can significantly increase this toddler's calcium intake? A) Offer chocolate milk to increase milk intake. B) Use unsweetened applesauce as a dessert. C) Give her slices of cheddar cheese as a snack. D) Include dark greens and spinach in her meals.
C) Give her slices of cheddar cheese as a snack.
A parent is giving the toddler a tub bath. What behavior is not recommended by heath care personnel regarding bathing? A) Allow the toddler to have toys in the tub during bath time. B) Never leave the toddler alone in the tub at any time. C) Let the toddler take bubble baths and play in the bubbles. D) Give the toddler his bath every day at the same time.
C) Let the toddler take bubble baths and play in the bubbles. Bubble baths are not recommended for children, especially girls, due to the increased incidence of urinary tract infections associated with the use of bubble bath soap.
The father of a preschool boy reports concerns about the short stature of his son. The nurse reviews the child's history and notes the child is 4 years old and is presently 41 in (104 cm) tall and has grown 2.5 in (6.35 cm) in the past year. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? A) "Is there a reason you are concerned about your child's height?" B) "Your son is slightly below the normal height for his age group but may still grow to be a normal height in the coming year." C) "Your son is slightly below the normal height for his age but he had demonstrated a normal growth rate this year." D) "Both your son's height and rate of growth are within normal limits for his age."
D) "Both your son's height and rate of growth are within normal limits for his age."
A 9-year-old child is feeling conflict from seeing other children in her class engaging in behaviors she senses are not appropriate. When making decisions about what actions are most appropriate, a child of this age will rely most heavily on which party of influence? A) Characters in media such as television B) Peers at school C) The teacher D) Parents
D) Parents
During a well-child visit to the health care provider, the parent reveals a family strugging with the changes from their "sweet, cuddly 16-month-old child" to that of a negative, more aggressive 2-year-old toddler. After the clinic visit, the nurse will document which priority nursing focus for this visit? A) Potential risk for child abuse B) Disabled family coping C) Impaired resilience D) Readiness for enhanced family coping
D) Readiness for enhanced family coping
The father of a toddler reports his son says "no" every time he attempt to correct him. What is the best advice can the nurse offer to the parent? A) This is a normal part of toddlerhood. B) You may need to lessen the amount of correction being given to the child as he seems to be responding to feeling "overly restricted". C) Continue to correct him because he needs discipline. D) Saying no is your son's way of trying to exert his independence and is expected.
D) Saying no is your son's way of trying to exert his independence and is expected.
A 4-year-old child is drawing with crayons. Which creation by the child would most be reflective of the anticipated skill level of this age? A) The child draws a person with 6 body parts. B) The child is able to proficiently draw several letters of the alphabet. C) The child draws random lines on the paper and reports it is a person. D) The child is able to draw shapes such as circles and squares.
D) The child is able to draw shapes such as circles and squares.