developmental psych test

Only after a child has developed theory of mind can he or she:

tell a lie

Children's ideas about their intelligence, personality, abilities, gender, and ethnic background form their:

self concept

Janice's parents are wealthy. When she was a child they pressured her to excel. This may lead Janice to engage in all of the following behaviors EXCEPT:

maternal care.

Research indicates that a child who demonstrates positive adaptation in the face of stressors such as poverty and neglect is showing resilience and:

may or may not show resilience in the future

Andrew is a father who is also in the military. One disadvantage of his military service is:

more family instablity

Vince is able to play "Go Fish," a card game that requires quick thinking. What brain change MOST directly supports his ability to think quickly?

myelination

The MOST common type of family for 6- to 11-year-olds in the United States is the:

nuclear family.

Family structure refers to:

the legal and genetic relationships of people in a household

A person's understanding of the thoughts of other people is called:

theory of mind

Metacognition is:

thinking about thinking

Which of the following activities decreases during middle childhood?

time with parents

Preoperational intelligence:

allows children to think in symbols.

Deliberately modifying one's impulses and emotions is referred to as:

effortful control

Erikson called the psychosocial developmental stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years of age:

initiative versus guilt.

According to Jean Piaget, children gain the ability to use _____ during middle childhood

logic

What is the hallmark of prosocial behavior?

It is done to help another without any benefit for oneself.

Dr. Tess is doing a study to determine how 9-year-olds think. Based on theory, he believes that the 9-year-olds should be able to reason logically about concrete situations—situations that are real, tangible, and visible. Dr. Tess's belief is based on:

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Which statement about the difference between a 4-year-old and an 11-year-old is TRUE?

The 11-year-old can use mental categories more flexibly, inductively, and simultaneously, whereas the 4-year-old is unable to do so.

Which statement about exposure to stress is TRUE?

Some stress, but not too much, aids cognition.

Which statement accurately explains the difference between the brains of Tom, a 2-year-old, and Jim, his father?

Tom's brain is about 75% of the size of Jim's.

Which theorist strongly emphasized the importance of play during childhood?

Vygotsky

Amanda brought her 10-year-old son to see the doctor because he was having problems breathing. The doctor informed Amanda that her son had inflammation of the airways. Amanda's son was diagnosed with:

asthma

Ten-year-old Brandon loves baseball and has studied baseball statistics since he was 5 years old. Brandon is currently reading this year's statistics for some of his favorite players. He will easily remember the new statistics because of the knowledge _____ he has for baseball statistics.

base

To focus on one aspect of a situation and simultaneously exclude all other aspects is called:

centration.

One of Vygotsky's most influential concepts was the "zone of proximal development." According to this concept,:

children can master challenging tasks with the help of others.

Nine-year-old Bobby sorted screws, bolts, and nails into three piles by type. He is able to correctly sort the objects into separate piles because of the logical principle of:

classification

The information-processing theory was inspired by the knowledge of how _____ function.

computers

Four-year-old Terrance is sitting at the lunch counter next to his sister Erin. They are having identical hot dogs for lunch. When his mom cuts Terrance's hot dog into five pieces and Erin's into six pieces, Terrance protests, "Erin has more than me!" Which ability does Terrance not yet demonstrate?

conservation

A 3-year-old has a harder time catching a ball, whereas a 9-year-old has an easier time catching a ball. One contributing factor for why the 9-year-old has an easier time catching the ball in contrast to the 3-year-old is:

decreased reaction time.

Amanda is proud that she is a girl. According to your text, she is likely to

develop healthy self-esteem.

Ashley and Jessica, sisters born two years apart, grew up in an impoverished, violent neighborhood. As adults, Ashley is chronically jobless and is addicted to drugs while Jessica is a professor of economics at a community college. What might explain their different life outcomes?

differential susceptibility

When Nate's dad gets home from work, Nate runs to him shouting, "Daddy!" His dad sweeps him up in a bear hug, gives him a gentle knuckle rub on top of his head, then lowers him to the ground in a pretend choke hold Nate screams with delight, escapes the hold, and climbs on his dad's back to ride him like a horse. Inadvertently, Nate hurt his dad while climbing, and his dad said sternly, "That really hurt. Be nice!" What kind of lesson is Nate's dad teaching him with this bout of rough-and-tumble play?

emotional regulation

Many developmentalists are concerned that modern children spend too little time:

engaged in active play

What is the primary advantage of a stepparent household?

finance gains

Mastery of pragmatics allows children to change styles of speech, or "codes," depending on the audience. What code are children likely to use with their teachers?

formal code

More than people of any other age, children between the ages of 6 and 11 are:

industrious, practicing the skills valued by their culture

Two-year-old Avia repeatedly exclaims "Me do it!" when her mother tries to help her. Although this behavior is frustrating, her mother understands that doing things independently will develop Avia's sense of:

initiative

Lev Vygotsky viewed _____ as being crucial to children's development of skills and knowledge.

instruction

The desire to pursue a goal that comes from within a person is called:

intrinsic motivation.

Skye frequently plays the piano whenever her family has guests because she enjoys the praise and attention that she receives. When alone, however, Skye rarely plays the piano. Skye's motivation:

is mostly extrinsic

At preschool, 4-year-old Mark rarely joins his peers at play. Instead, he tends to carefully observe his classmates as they transition from one play center to the next. According to Mildred Parten, Mark is engaged in _____ play.

onlooker

The preeminent psychosocial accomplishment between the ages of 2 and 6 is learning when and how to:

regulation of emotions

Play that mimics aggression through wrestling, chasing, or grabbing, but is not intended to harm, is called "_____ play."

rough-and-tumble

As Shawn and his father, Carlos, put together a puzzle for the first time, Carlos begins by showing Shawn how to locate the outside pieces of the puzzle first. Once Shawn starts to get the idea, Carlos gradually withdraws his support, allowing Shawn to take more responsibility. Carlos is demonstrating Vygotsky's concept of:

scaffolding.

The ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others is referred to as:

selective attention.

The left side of the brain notices _____, while the right side grasps _____.

the details; emotions

Maddie, age 4, has recently begun coordinating the two sides of her body more efficiently. This improvement can be attributed to:

the growth of her corpus callosum.

Which of these statements does NOT contribute to emotional regulation?

timing of birth matters

One of the milestones of preoperational thought is the ability to:

use symbolic thought.

Obesity has increased because it is common for:

young children to watch TV and drink soda