skin

pacinian

, are one of the four major types of mechanoreceptor. They are nerve endings in the skin responsible for sensitivity to vibration and pressure. Vibrational role may be used to detect surface, e.g., rough vs. smooth. Lamellar corpuscles are also found in the pancreas, where they detect vibration and possibly very low frequency sounds

freckle

Freckles are clusters of concentrated melanin which are most often visible on people with a fair complexion. A freckle is also called an ephelis. Freckles do not have an increased number of melanin producing cells (melanocytes). This is in contrast to lentigines and moles.

dermal papilla

In the human skin, the dermal papillae (DP) (singular papilla, diminutive of Latin papula, 'pimple') are small, nipple-like extensions (or interdigitations) of the dermis into the epidermis. At the surface of the skin in hands and feet, they appear as epidermal or papillary ridges (colloquially known as fingerprints

dermis

The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. It is divided into two layers, the superficial area adjacent to the epidermis called the papillary region and a deep thicker area known as the reticular dermis

stratum germinativum

The stratum basale (basal layer, sometimes referred to as stratum germinativum) is the deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis, which is the outer covering of skin in mammals

Pore

a large protein complex that penetrates the nuclear envelope in eukaryotic cells

follicle

a small spherical group of cells containing a cavity

hypodermis

also called the subcutis, hypodermis, hypoderm (from Greek, meaning "beneath the skin"), subcutis, or superficial fascia, is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates.[3] The types of cells found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages

sebaceous

are microscopic glands in the skin that secrete an oily/waxy matter, called sebum, in humans, they are found in greatest abundance on the face and scalp, though they are distributed throughout all skin sites except the palms and soles

sebaceous gland

are microscopic glands in the skin that secrete an oily/waxy matter, called sebum, to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair of mammals In humans, they are found in greatest abundance on the face and scalp, though they are distributed throughout all skin sites except the palms and soles.[] In the eyelids, bohemian sebaceous glands secrete a special type of sebum into tears.

arrector pili

arrector pili muscles are small muscles attached to hair follicles in mammals. Contraction of these muscles causes the hairs to stand on end- known colloquially as goose bumps

papilla

generally means a nipple-like structure

Meissner's corpuscles

hey are a type of nerve ending in the skin that is responsible for sensitivity to light touch. In particular, they have highest sensitivity (lowest threshold) when sensing vibrations lower than 50 Hertz. They are rapidly adaptive receptors

Keratin

is a family of fibrous structural proteins. Keratin is the key structural material making up the outer layer of human skin. It is also the key structural component of hair and nails

integument

is a general term in biology that refers most commonly to the natural covering of an organism or an organ, such as its skin, husk, shell, or rind. It derives from integumentum, which means "a covering" in Latin. In a transferred or figurative sense, it could mean a cloak or a disguise] In English "integument" is a fairly modern word, its origin having been traced back to the early seventeenth century. It can mean a material or layer with which anything is enclosed, clothed, or covered in the sense of "clad" or "coated", as with a skin or husk

apocrine sweat gland

is a sweat gland composed of a coiled secretory portion located at the junction of the dermis and subcutaneous fat, from which a straight portion inserts and secretes into the infundibular portion of the hair follicle.

basement membrane

is the fusion of two lamina, the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. The lamina reticularis is attached to the basal lamina with anchoring fibrils and microfibrils . The two layers are collectively known as the basement membrane

pigment layer

is the pigmented cell layer just outside the neurosensory retina that nourishes retinal visual cells, and is firmly attached to the underlying choroid and overlying retinal visual cells

Perspiration

is the production of fluids secreted by the sweat glands in the skin of mammals.Two types of sweat glands can be found in humans: Eccrine glands and apocrine glands. The eccrine sweat glands are distributed over much of the body. In humans, sweating is primarily a means of thermoregulation which is achieved by the water-rich secretion of the eccrine glands.

lanugo

is very fine, soft, and usually unpigmented, downy hair on the body of a fetus or newborn baby. It is the first hair to be produced by the fetal hair follicles, and it usually appears on the fetus at about 5 months of gestation.

melanocyte

re melanin-producing cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), the inner ear,meninges,bones,and heart. Melanin is the pigment primarily responsible for skin color.

melanin

s a ubiquitous natural pigment found in most organisms (spiders are one of the few groups in which it has not been detected). Human skin is repeatedly exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) that influences the function and survival of many cell types and is regarded as the main causative factor in the induction of skin cancer, behaving like a sun umbrella for the our cells

stratum corneum

s the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead cells (corneocytes) that lack nuclei and organelles. The purpose of the stratum corneum is to form a barrier to protect underlying tissue from infection, dehydration, chemicals and mechanical stress.

eccrine sweat gland

sometimes called merocrine glands) are the major sweat glands of the human body, found in virtually all skin.[4] They produce a clear, odorless substance, consisting primarily of water and NaCl (note that the odor from sweat is due to bacterial activity on the secretions of the apocrine sweat glands). NaCl is reabsorbed in the duct to reduce salt loss.[5] They are active in thermoregulation and emotional sweating (induced by anxiety, fear, stress, and pain)

epidermis

the outermost layer of the skin of a human or other vertebrate animal