DevOps Foundation - Prep

Which concept(s) are necessary for Continuous Integration? 1. Automated testing 2. Waterfall software development 3. Subversion Version Control Repository 4. Production-like environment 5. Continuous deployment 6. Consistent coding standards

1. Automated testing 3. Subversion Version Control Repository 4. Production-like environment 6. Consistent coding standards

Specify the correct order of the Continuous Delivery pipeline by numbering 1 - 5: Stage Code and Commit Build Test Deploy

1. Code and Commit 2. Build 3. Test 4. Stage 5. Deploy

Specify the correct order of The Three Ways: 1. Understand and increase the flow of work, Create a culture that fosters experimentation and learning, Create short feedback loops that enable continuous improvement. 2. Create a culture that fosters experimentation and learning, Understand and increase the flow of work, Create short feedback loops that enable continuous improvement. 3. Understand and increase the flow of work, Create short feedback loops that enable continuous improvement, Create a culture that fosters experimentation and learning.

3. Understand and increase the flow of work, Create short feedback loops that enable continuous improvement, Create a culture that fosters experimentation and learning.

Rugged software development

A cultural approach to creating available, survivable, defensible, secure, and resilient software

Theory of Constraints

A methodology for identifying the most important limiting factor (i.e., constraint) that stands in the way of achieving a goal and then systematically improving that constraint until it is no longer the limiting factor.

DevSecOps

A mindset that "everyone is responsible for security" with the goal of safely distributing security decisions at speed and scale to those who hold the highest level of context without sacrificing the safety required.

Golden Circle

A model that emphasizes an understanding of the business' "why" before focusing on the "what" and "how".

Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe)

A proven, publicly available framework for applying Lean-Agile principles and practices at enterprise scale.

Outcome Economy

A shift from competing by selling products and services to competing by selling measurable results important to the customer. It's an economy where buyers are looking to buy an outcome and the sellers are selling the promise of an outcome.

Scrum

A simple framework for effective team collaboration on complex projects that provides a small set of rules that create "just enough" structure for teams to be able to focus their innovation on solving what might otherwise be an insurmountable challenge.

ChatOps

An approach to managing technical and business operations through a group chat room.

DevOps

Cultural and professional movement that stresses communication, collaboration and integration between software developers and IT operations professionals.

Continuous Integration

Development practice that requires developers to integrate code into a shared repository at least daily.

Agile Manifesto

Formal proclamation of values and principles to guide an iterative and people-centric approach to software development.

What are the 5 domains of the ITIL Core knowledge ?

ITIL Service Strategy ITIL Service Design ITIL Service Transition ITIL Service Operation ITIL Service Continual Service Improvement

IT Service Management

Implementation and management of quality IT services that meet the needs of the business.

Improvement Kata - Correctly complete each of the following statements. 1. Understand the _________________________________________________. 2. Grasp the _______________ condition. 3. Establish the next _____________ condition. 4. PDCA and ____________________ toward the target condition.

Improvement Kata 1. Understand the (long term vision or direction). 2. Grasp the (current) condition. 3. Establish the next (target) condition 4. PDCA and (experiment) toward the target condition.

Value Stream Mapping

Lean-management method for analyzing the current state and designing a future state for the series of events that take a product or service from its beginning through to the customer.

Kanban

Method of work that pulls the flow of work through a process at a manageable pace.

Continuous Delivery

Methodology that focuses on making sure software is always in a releasable state throughout its lifecycle.

Lean Production

Production philosophy that focuses on reducing waste to improve overall customer value.

Specify whether the approach is "shift left" or "shift right" Security testing Testing in production End to end use-case testing Test driven development

Security testing - shift left Testing in production - shift right End to end use-case testing - shift left Test driven development - shift left

ITIL

Set of best practice publications for IT service management.

Continuous Deployment

Set of practices that enable every change that passes automated tests to be automatically deployed to production.

Agile Software Development

Software development methods in which requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing, cross-functional teams.

What are Scrum's time boxed iterations ?

Sprint planning meeting 4 to 8 hours Daily Scrum meeting 15 minutes Sprint Review 2 to 4 hours Sprint Retrospective 1.5 to 3 hours

What are the 3 systems in layered application strategy ?

Systems of record; Systems of differentiation; Systems of innovation

Bi-Modal IT

Where two distinct methodologies exist in the same company, sometimes in separate teams. This is a controversial concept.

Which of the following is rquired for Continuous Integration ? a. Automated unit, integration and acceptance testing b. Automated release management c. Continuous delivery pipeline d. Deployment pipeline

a. Automated unit, integration and acceptance testing

What does the concept of "shift left" represent ? a. Building quality into the software development process through continuous testing b. Inviting operational teams into the test process, during software development c. Performing random tests on code that is committed to a continuous integration server d. Doing more testing in production after deployment

a. Building quality into the software development process through continuous testing When you shift testing left, fewer things break in production because any issues are detected and resolved earlier

What determines which DevOps principles and principles will BEST benefit an organisation ? a. Business strategies and goals b. The commitment of Early Adopters c. The availability of advanced tools d. IT capability and resources

a. Business strategies and goals

An organisation is trying to overcome the challenges of their silo culture where teams have been organised by subject matter expertise, What is the organisation suffering from ? a. Cultural debt b. Change fatigue c. Organisational change d. Low trust

a. Cultural debt

When trying to effect major change who should be engaged in the planning of activities and serve as change agents ? a. Early adopters b. Naysayers c. Management d. People who need proof

a. Early adopters

Why is organisational culture a critical success factor for DevOps ? a. It represents the values and behaviors that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organisation. b. It represents a command an control approach to the delivery of services c. It represents the way that an organisation is structured and organised d. it reflects the strategic direction of the Business leadership

a. It represents the values and behaviors that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organisation.

In the context of Agile Software development, which of the following is not a responsibility of IT operations ? a. Managing the product backlog b. Defining non-functional requirements c. Identifying security requirements d. Provisioning the infrastructure

a. Managing the product backlog Managing the product backlog is the role of the Product Ownder in a Scrum context.

The Business "Why" of the Golden Circle represents an organisation's a. Purpose, cause and belief b. Products and services c. Competitive advantage d. Profitability

a. Purpose, cause and belief

The theory of constraints supports which of the Three Ways ? a. The First Way b. The Second Way c. The Third Way d. All of the above

a. The First Way The Three Ways : The First Way - Flow : Understand and increase the flow of work (left to right) The Second Way - Feedback : Create short feedback loops that enable continuous improvement (right to left) The Third Way - Continuous experimentation and learning : Create a culture that fosters experimentation, taking risks and learning from low impact failure as well as the understanding that repetition and practice is the prerequisite to mastery

What is the Agile Manifesto ? a. Values and principles to guide an iterative and people-centric approach to software development b. Methodology focusing on ensuring software is always in a releasable state throughout its lifecycle c. Declaration of the benefits and intentions of DevOps d. Intentions and Motives of being an Agile enterprise

a. Values and principles to guide an iterative and people-centric approach to software development

An organisation is going to pilot their DevOps program on an upcoming release of a critical business application. What is the PRIMARY reason that they should reconsider this approach ? a. They may not have enough time to build a DevOps toolchain b. There is too much risk, mistakes would have significant Business impact c. There is not enough opportunity to practice and lean d. They may not have enough capability or time to do a significant testing

b. --> Learn by doing supposes using a pilot where the probability of success can be maximised. It should be small enough where success can be apparent and understood to all and the consequences of a failure aren't so large that they shut down the whole initiative

Which BEST describes a deployment pipeline ? a. Automatic version of the ITSM change management process b. Automated process for managing software deployments from check-in to release c. Collection of tools that enable continuous deployment d. Sequence of value-adding activities required to design build and deliver a project

b. Automated process for managing software deployments from check-in to release

What is missing fron this definition of DevOps ? " A cultural and professional movement that stresses communication, collaboration and integration between software developers and IT operations professionals while..." a. Building a deployment popeline for faster software delivery b. Automating the process of software delivery and infrastructure changes c. Interfacing new and existing automation between Dev and Ops d. Ensuring that automation improves time to market and time to value

b. Automating the process of software delivery and infrastructure changes

Which statement best describes change fatigue ? a. Aggressive Resistance b. Apathy c. Finger pointing d. Exhaustion

b. Change fatigue is a general sense of apathy or passive resignation towards organisational changes by individuals or teams

An organisation is looking at improving real-time collaboration between teams. Which DevOps practice should they be considering ? a. Kanban b. ChatOps c. Escalation d. Alerts

b. ChatOps Chat client + chat bots = conversation-driven development, delivery and support The transparency of ChatOps shortens the feedback loops, improves informaton sharing, enhances team collaboration and enables cross-training. It can also be used to decrease MTTR.

Which is NOT a goal of Devops ? a. Improved productivity b. Fewer but higher-quality software releases c. Lower risk software deployments d. Improved quality of code

b. Fewer but higher-quality software releases DevOps Goals - Smaller, more frequent releases - Reduced efforts and risks - Reduced cost of product iterations and delays - A culture of communication and collaboration - Consistency and speed through automation Improvements in : time to market, integration with business, responsiveness, code and deployment quality, productivity, visibility, agility

What is the 3 Ways ? a. A methodology for identifying and removing constraints b. Key principles of DevOps c. Disciplined, data driven approach to reducing waste d. Methodology for performing continuous improvement

b. Key principles of DevOps

In the context of Lean, what constitutes waste ? a. Muri b. Muda c. Mura d. Value Stream

b. Muda

Which of the Three Ways encourages peer review of production changes ? a. The First Way b. The Second Way c. The Third Way d. All of the above

b. The Second Way The Three Ways : The First Way - Flow : Understand and increase the flow of work (left to right) The Second Way - Feedback : Create short feedback loops that enable continuous improvement (right to left) The Third Way - Continuous experimentation and learning : Create a culture that fosters experimentation, taking risks and learning from low impact failure as well as the understanding that repetition and practice is the prerequisite to mastery

An organisation is implementing DevOps. The developers concerned that their ITSM processes are too complex and slow and cannot support DevOps principles and practices. Which IT framework will help the organisation instill agile thinking into existing ITSM processes ? a. ITIL b. Agile c. Agile service management d. Lean

c. Agile service management Agile Service Management (Agile SM) ensures that ITSM processes reflect Agile values and are designed with "just enough" control and structure in order to effectively and efficiently deliver services that facilitate customer outcomes when and how they are needed.

An organisation is preparing to deploy every release that passes automated tests - which DevOps practice are they applying ? a. Continuous delivery b. Continuous testing c. Continuous deployment d. Continuous integration

c. Continuous deployment - Continuous Integration (CI) is a development practice that requires developers to commit code into a shared repository at least daily - Continuous Delivery is a methodology that focuses on making sure software is always in a releasable state throughout its lifecycle - takes continuous Integration to the next level, enabling push-button deployments on demand. - Continuous Testing (CT) is the process of executing automated tests as part of the deployment pipeline to obtain immediate feeedback on the business risks associated with a software release candidate - Continuous Deployment is a set of practices that enable every change that passes automated tests to be automatically deployed to production

Which of the following DevOps roles is not yet well defined ? a. Systems Engineer b. Continuous delivery automation architect c. DevOps Engineer d. Experience assurance

c. DevOps Engineer There is currently no industry recognised job description or formal carreer track for DevOps Engineers - general characteristics would include someone who : -Wants to contribute their technical talent to Business and Process Improvement initiatives -Is comfortable collaborating with others -Want to be in a workplace that promotes a shared culture

An organisation is struggling with the additional time it takes for security reviews after an Agile team has completed a sprint. The delay is impacting their ability to release. They want to include more security testing as part of their "shit left" testing approach. Which DevOps practice would they need ? a. Rugged DevOps b. Continuous Testing c. DevSecOps d. Internal Audits

c. DevSecOps

Which statement about the Improvement Kata is correct ? a. It focuses on short term goals b. It is a 7-step process c. It considers the organisation's long-term vision or direction d. It should be performed as time allows

c. It considers the organisation's long-term vision or direction

Which of the following is a critical success factor for DevOps a. Establishing a Tool Chain b. Hiring DevOps Engineers c. Managerial commitment to culture change d. Automating everything

c. Managerial commitment to culture change Critical Success Factors of Devops include : - Management commitment to culture change - Creation of a collaborative, learning culture - Training and continuous skills improvement - Common values and vocabulary - Systems engineering that spans Dev and Ops - Meaningful metrics - A balance between the push for automation and human interaction - Application of Agile and Lean methods - Open and frequent communication

Due to a tightly-coupled architecture, an organisation is unable to increase the frequency of the releases for a key service. When releases do occur, they are extremey painful and the organisation's competitive advantage is eroding as a result. Which software development approach could be used to improve this situation ? a. Test-driven development b. Containers c. Microservices d. Chaos Monkey

c. Microservices : software architecture that is composed of smaller modulers that interact through APIs and can be updated without affecting the whole system

An Organisation is beginning to build a deployment pipeline but recognises that many of the tools may need to be significantly modified at the code level to meet their requirements. What type of software should they seek ? a. Single vendor application suite b. Those with Applications programming interfaces (APIs) built in c. Open source applications d. Microservices

c. Open source applications Open source : - Software that is distributed with its source code so that end user organisations and vendors are able to modify it to their purposes

Which statement about KANBAN is correct ? a. Pushes work through a process b. Requires a workflow management tool c. Pull work through a process d. Enables more work in progress

c. Pull work through a process Kanban is a method of work that pulls the flow of work through a process at a manageable pace.

Which is a characteristic of a DevOps culture ? a. Effective one-way communication from the top down b. Recognising the best and brightest for their successes c. Shared vision, goals and incentives d. All of the above

c. Shared vision, goals and incentives

An organisation is implementing a disruptive application similar to the Simian Army - which of the 3 ways are the introducing a. The First Way b. The Second Way c. The Third Way d. The Phoenix Project

c. The Third Way The Three Ways : The First Way - Flow : Understand and increase the flow of work (left to right) The Second Way - Feedback : Create short feedback loops that enable continuous improvement (right to left) The Third Way - Continuous experimentation and learning : Create a culture that fosters experimentation, taking risks and learning from low impact failure as well as the understanding that repetition and practice is the prerequisite to mastery

Which of the ITSM processes are most critical to DEVOPS ? a. Change, Release and Service Asset and Configuration Management b. Incident, Problem and Event Management c. Demand, Capacity and Information Security Management d. All of the above

d- ITSM processes enable DEVOPS : IT Service Management (ITSM) is the implementation and management of qulaity IT Services that meet the needs of the Business. Devops needs ITSM practices to meet the goal of deploying faster changes without causing disruption.

An organisation has just completed the deployment of a pilot release using DevOps practices and a preliminary deployment pipeline. Which metric would provide the most information to help them continually improve ? a. Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) b. Change lead and Cycle times c. Knowledge sharing d. All of the above

d.

Which of the following roles are NOT DevOps stakeholders ? a. QA Testers b. Support professionals c. Suppliers d. None of the above

d.

What is the primary benefit of Devop Toolchains ? a. To automate tasks in the deployment pipeline b. To be able to acquire tools from a variey of sources and vendors c. To ensure that the architectural design supports interoperability and consistency d. All of the above

d. - The Devops Toolchain is composed of the tools needed to support a Devops continuous integration, deployment and release as well as operations initiatives. - Toolchains automate tasks in the deployment pipeline - Each element of the toolchain serves a specific purpose (microservices) - Applications within the toolchains are connected via APIs. - They do not have to be homegenous, or from a single vendor and draw from open and closed source ecosystems - Requires an architectural design to ensure interoperability and consistency

An organisation recently held an internal DevOps Day event. During one of the open space sessions it was suggested that there be more opportunities for Dev, Ops, Security and other IT areas to interact and share. What sort of opportunities should the organisation consider : a. Hackathons b. Simulations c. Immersion opportunities d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is a characteristic of a high trust organisational culture ? a. Good information flow b. Cross-functional collaboration c. Learning from failures and new ideas d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What of the following is NOT a typical element in a DevOps toolchain ? a. Monitoring tools b. Test automation c. Version Control d. Service desk incident management systems

d. Service desk incident management systems

Which statement about DevOps teams is MOST accurate ? a. They are responsible for establishing DevOps practices across the enterprise b. They are accountable for the development of the deployment pipeline c. They should be a fixed team that works together on long term projects d. They should have shared accountabilities

d. They should have shared accountabilities DevOps Teams : - Expand upon the concept of an Agile or Scrum team - Embed Dev and Ops skills into a single holistic group - May be temporaraty or dedicated to a specific product - May be cross-functional tiger-teams for short term projects - May evolve to provide shared services - Have shared accountabilities - Should adhere to the defined standards for development, automation, risk and compliance applying to all DevOps teams

Which lean tool depicts the flow of information, materials and work across functional silos and with an emphasis on quantifying and eliminating waste ? a. Improvement Kata b. A3 thinking c. Kaizen d. Value stream mapping

d. Value stream mapping