DH 341: final

Lakukan tugas rumah & ujian kamu dengan baik sekarang menggunakan Quizwiz!

What other symptoms or organ involvement is involved with Raynaud's syndrome?

1) GI complications 2) GERD 3) cardiomyopathy 4) inflamed heart muscle (myocarditis) 5) abnormal heartbeat 6) kidney complications 7) lung complications 8) pulmonary fibrosis 9) pulmonary hypertension

What are three things you should do to prepare for a patient with myasthenia gravis at their appointment?

1) Have emergency cart ready and stocked. 2) Have stress reduction procedure ready. 3) Make sure patient has been taking their medication on schedule

The etiology of scleroderma is unknown, but what are some possible factors?

1) abnormal immune or inflammatory activity 2) genetic makeup 3) environmental triggers 4) hormones

What are the oral manifestations and complications associated with schizophrenia?

1) agranulocytosis 2) leukopenia 3) xerostomia 4) may develop musculus problems in the oral and facial regions 5) smooth-surface caries 6) oral candiasis 7) oral injuries

What medications will a person with scleroderma be taking?

1) antacids 2) proton pump inhibitors 3) calcium channel blockers 4) acetaminophen 5) NSAIDs 6) immune suppression therapy 7) antibiotic ointments 8) ACE inhibitors

What are the treatment options for a patient with sclerodactyly?

1) apply oil-based creams and lotions after bathing 2) apply sunscreen 3) use humidifiers 4) avoid hot baths or showers 5) avoid harsh soaps and household cleaners 6) exercise regularly

What are the types of medications and treatment options a person with myasthenia gravis will be taking?

1) cholinesterase inhibitors 2) corticosteroids 3) immunosuppressives 4) plasma exchange 5) intravascular immune globulin (IVIG) 6) thymectomy

What are ways to prevent scleroderma?

1) coping strategies to keep stress levels low 2) maintain health lifestyle 3) see rheumatalogist if disease is suspected 4) manage symptoms to prevent organ damage

What are the homecare considerations for a patient with myasthenia gravis?

1) diet analysis about dental caries and patients swallowing and chewing difficulties 2) power assisted brush 3) floss/interdental aids 4) instruction to caregiver

What are the characteristics of undifferentiated schizophrenia?

1) don't fall into any subtype 2) symptoms can fluctuate making it difficult to place in subtype 3) classified as mixed subtype

What are some oral manifestations associated with scleroderma?

1) dry mouth 2) tightening of skin around mouth 3) tooth mobility 4) telangiectasia 5) widening of the PDL space on radiographs

What are some oral manifestations and complications associated with myasthenia gravis?

1) dysphagia 2) may have trouble showing they are in distress 3) weak, tired, muffled voice 4) may need to support their chin while talking

What are the treatment options for scleroderma?

1) eat small frequent meals 2) stand or sit for at least 1 hour after eating 3) sleep with head raised 4) eat moist, soft foods 5) special diet to help absorb nutrients 6) medications for diarrhea, constipation and heartburn 7) proton pump inhibitors 8) antibiotics to stop bacterial overgrowth

How is myasthenia gravis diagnosed?

1) edrophonium chloride (tensilon) test 2) serum antibodies 3) electromyography

What factors may worsen symptoms of myasthenia gravis?

1) emotional upset 2) systemic illness 3) hyper/hypothyroidism 4) pregnancy 5) menstrual cycle 6) drugs affecting neuromuscluar transmission 7) increase in body temp

myasthenia gravis affects the muscles that control what?

1) eye and eyelid movement 2) facial expressions 3) chewing 4) talking 5) swallowing 6) breathing 7) neck and limb movements

What are risk factors for developing scleroderma?

1) female 2) Choctaw Native Americans and African Americans 3) predisposition in families with history of rheumatic disease

negative symptoms occur when capabilities are lost from that person's personality. What are some examples?

1) flat affect 2) reduced feelings of pleasure 3) reduced speaking

What are the side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors?

1) gastrointestinal problems 2) increased bronchial secretions 3) increased oral secretions

Positive symptoms are added to a person's personality.What are some examples positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

1) hallucinations 2) delusions 3) thought disorders 4) movement disorders

What are the side effects of IVIG?

1) headache 2) dermatitis 3) infection 4) pulmonary edema 5) renal failure 6) venous thrombosis

What are the symptoms to cholinergic crisis?

1) increased muscle weakness 2) excessive pulmonary secretions 3) cramps 4) diarhhea

When consulting with a physician or psychiatrist about a patient with schizophrenia, what should you ask?

1) know patient's status 2) medications 3) ability of patient to give consent

What are the two types of systemic scerloderma?

1) limited 2) diffuse

How should a cholinergic crisis be handled?

1) medical assistance needed promptly 2) ventilation is urgent

What are some dental treatment considerations with a patient with schizophrenia?

1) morning appointments 2) bite block 3) may be sensitive to light and noise 4) have family member/caregiver to ease patient comfort 5) 3 month recare 6) use same routine 7) sedation (consult with physician first) 8) if taking antipsychotics use caution with using epi 9) OHI may need to be given to caregiver

What are the two types of localized scleroderma?

1) morphea 2) linear

What are some dental considerations while treating a patient with scleroderma?

1) shorter appointments 2) patients may have joint discomfort 3) may need bite block to keep mouth open 4) need many breaks to rest face 5) allow breaks to drink water 6) semi-supine if patient has lung problems 7) Limit use of ultrasonic 8) Use Vaseline on lips to help skin 9) Be patient

What are some dental treatment considerations for a patient with myasthenia gravis?

1) should have more frequent appointments with short lengthss 2) have emergency cart out 3) use four handed dental hygiene technique 4) suction 5) rubber dam

What are some homecare recommendations for a patient with scleroderma?

1) specially made toothbrush handles 2) 2-3 month intervals 3) fluoride rinses or Rx toothpastes 4) consult with physician 5) keep mouth moist 6) saliva substitutes

What is the clinical presentation for a patient with myasthenia gravis?

1) specific muscle weakness 2) ocular motor disturbances 3) oropharyngeal muscle weakness 4) limb weakness

What are treatment options to help with scleroderma?

1) stretching exercises 2) exercise regularly 3) acetaminophen or NSAIDs 4) see an occupational therapist

What emergency care is need for myasthenia gravis?

1) suction 2) airway 3) medical assistance

What types of medications will a person with schizophrenia be taking?

1) tricyclic antidepressants 2) monoamine oxidase inhibitors 3) SSRIs 4) SNRIs 5) second generation antipsychotics 6) first generation antipsychotics

antitopoisomerase-1 or Anti-Scl-70 antibodies appear in the blood of up to ____% of people with ________ systemic scleroderma

30, diffuse

Which of the following is an example of a tricylclic antidepressant? A. amitriptyline B. phenelzine C. aripiprazole D. haloperidol

A. amitriptyline

What category of drug is mestinon? A. cholinesterase inhibitor B. corticosteroid C. immunosuppresant D. none of the above

A. cholinesterase inhibitor *another example is protigmin

Which of the following is the most common type of schizophrenia? A. paranoid B. disorganized C. catatonic D. undifferentiated

A. paranoid

Which of the following types of schizophrenia is when the person may have auditory hallucinations or delusional thoughts about conspiracy. These people may be able to live normal lives if their disorder is managed? A. paranoid B. disorganized C. catatonic D. undifferentiated

A. paranoid

[T:F] children are more likely to develop the localized form of scleroderma. Adults are more likely to develop the systemic form of scleroderma.

both statements true

an illness which a person's body becomes rigid and cannot be moved

catatonia

in Scleroderma, the immune system is thought to stimulate fibroblasts so they produce too much ______

collagen

double vision

diplopia

the ______ hypothesis for a genetic cause of schizophrenia states that symptoms are caused by disturbances in _______-mediated neuronal pathways in the brain

dopamine

group of disorders characteristics by chronic and recurrent proxysmal changes in neurologic function, altered consciousness, or involuntary movements caused by abnormal and spontaneous electrical activity in the brain

epilepsy

tightening of the mouth and esophageal progresses which may also cause GERD

esophageal dysmotility

[T:F] antipsychotic medications are effective at treating both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

false: effective for positive symptoms, newer atypical antipsychotics are effective for both positive and negative symptoms

[T:F] myasthenia gravis is more common in men than women. When men are diagnosed with this disease, they are more likely to be older

first statement false: it is more common in women second statement true

[T:F] Myasthenia gravis is caused by a defect in the transmission of nerve impulses to muscles. It occurs when normal communication between the nerve and muscle is interrupted at the receptor site- the place where nerve cells connect with the muscles they control.

first statement true second statement false: interrupted at the neuromuscular junction not the receptor site

[T:F] internal organs are not affected by localized scleroderma. Once one is diagnosed with localized scleroderma, it is more likely to progress to systemic scleroderma.

first statement true second statement false: localized can never progress to the systemic form of the disease

[T:F] genes put certain people at risk for scleroderma. The disease is passed from the parent to child.

first statement true second statement false: not passed from parent to child

_______ scleroderma typically comes on gradually and affects the skin only in certain areas, the fingers, hands, face, lower arms, and legs

limited

anticentromere antibodies are found in the blood of many people with _______ systemic sclerosis

limited

What type of scleroderma is characterized by a single line or band of thickened or abnormally colored skin

linear scleroderma * this is a type of localized scleroderma

_______ scleroderma is limited to the skin and related tissues and, in some cases, the muscle below

localized

What type of scleroderma refers to localized or generalized patches on the skin

morphea *this is a type of localized scleroderma

chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease that causes weakness of skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body

myasthenia gravis

Your new patient presents to her dental appointment very excited to have her teeth cleaned. Her chief complaint is that her teeth are looking yellow and she thinks this is because she is having a difficult time with brushing. She reports she was recently diagnosed with scleroderma. During your extra oral exam you notice that she cannot open very wide while checking the TMJ, and she has several red patches on face and neck along with a dark line on her forehead. Are the patient's internal organs at risk of being affected with this type of scleroderma?

no *Internal organs are not affected by localized scleroderma, and localized scleroderma can never progress to the systemic form of the disease

weakness to the muscle that makes eye movement

ophthalmoparesis

What is a cholinergic crisis?

over-medication with anti-cholinesterase

What is treating scleroderma based on?

patient's symptoms and relieving limiting damage because there is no cure for this disease

treatment of emotional, behvioral, personality, and psychiatric disorders by means of individual or group verbal or nonverbal communication with the patient

psychotherapy

drooping of the eyelid

ptosis

thick and tight skin on the fingers, resulting from deposits of excess collagen with skin layers

scelerodactyly

chronic, severe mental disorder that affects how a person feels, acts, behaves, and thinks

schizophrenia

autoimmune disorder that is a localized or systemic, chronic connective tissue disease

scleroderma (CREST syndrome)

paroxysmal spell of transitory alteration in consciousness, motor activity, or sensory phenomenon

seizure (convulsion)

condition caused by the swelling of tiny blood vessels, in which small red spots appear on the hands and face

telangiectasia

seizures disorders are excessive focal neuronal discharge that spreads to the ______ and brain stem _______

thalamic, nuclei

Myasthenic crisis occurs when patient is [under/over] medicated and severe myasthenia gravis and a deficiency of ________ it is characterized the inability to _______, ______ or maintain a ________ ________

under, acetylcholine, swallow, speak, patent airway

What is the etiology of schizophrenia?

unknown, but there is an interaction between genetics and environmental factors

All of the following are true for disorganized schizphrenia except: A. disorganization of thought process B. hallucinations or delusions C. have trouble with daily activities including dressing, bathing, and brushing D. blunted or flat affect E. speech impairment

B. hallucinations and delusions *in disorganized schizophrenia, the person does not have hallucinations or delusions that much

Which medication that a patient with paranoid schizphrenia could be taking that has the most serious oral side effects? A. tranylcypromine B. haloperidol C. risperidone D. fluoxetine

B. haloperidol *this is a first generation antipsychotic and has the most serious oral side effect of tardive dyskinesia

What would be one sign that your patient is in myasthenic crisis? A. Abdominal cramping B. Inability to speak C. Drooping eyelid(s) D. Excessive pulmonary secretions E. All of the above

B. inability to speak

Which of the following is an example of a MAO inhibitors? A. amitriptyline B. phenelzine C. aripiprazole D. haloperidol

B. phenelzine

Which of the following is an example of a second generation antipsychotic? A. amitriptyline B. phenelzine C. aripiprazole D. haloperidol

C. aripiprazole

Which of the of the following types of sclerodermas shows Raynaud's phenomenon for years before skin thickening starts? A. morphea B. linear C. limited D. diffuse

C. limited

Active-phase symptoms of schizophrenia are: A. negative B. the absence of normal behavior C. positive or negative D. positive

C. positive or negative

What type of scleroderma typically comes on suddenly and skin thickening begins in the hands, face, upper arms, upper legs, chest, and stomach in a symmetrical fashion. There is also organ damage. A. morphea B. linear C. limited D. diffuse

D. diffuse

Which of the following is an example of a first generation antipsychotic to treat schizophrenia? A. amitriptyline B. phenelzine C. aripiprazole D. haloperidol

D. haloperidol

Which of the following would be the best dental consideration with a patient with tardive dyskinesia? A. give the patient local anesthesia B. having the patient scheduled in the morning C. OHI D. having a bite block

D. having a bite block *this will help with the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia

myasthenia gravis is caused by a defect in the transmission of nerve impulses to muscles by the neurotransmitter _________

acetylcholine (ACh)

poverty of speech; lack of additional unprompted content

alogia

warning sensation felt by some people immediately preceding a seizure; may be flashes of light, dizziness, peculiar taste, or a sensation of prickling or tingling

auro

lack of desire, drive, or motivation

avolition

What are some oral manifestations and complications seen in Alzheimer's patients?

1) increased risk for caries 2) lesions associated with cancer or injury 3) periodontal disease

What are the signs and symptoms of diabetes?

1) increased thirst and urination 2) increased hunger 3) fatigue 4) blurred vision 5) numbness or tingling in the feet or hands 6) sores that don't heal 7) unexplained weight loss 8) sweet-smelling breath and/or urine

What is the etiology of lymphyocytopenia?

1) infectious diseases 2) autoimmune disorders 3) steroid therapy 4) radiation 5) chemotherapy

What is the etiology of leukocytosis?

1) inflammatory and infectious states 2) trauma 3) overexertion 4) leukemia

What are the physical symptoms of MS?

1) intermittent, unilateral facial numbness, palsy , or spasms 2) involuntary motion of eyes 3) loss of speech 4) change in muscular coordination and gait 5) fatigue

What are some common red blood disease?

1) iron deficiency anemia 2) megaloblastic anemias 3) sickle cell disease 4) polycythemias

What are some medications for anemias?

1) iron tablets 2) vitamin C 3) folic acid 4) vitamin B12 injections

What are the medical considerations for a person with SCD?

1) jaundice 2) leg ulcers 3) cardiac failure 4) stroke 5) attacks of abdominal and bone pain

What are some dental treatment considerations for a patient with renal disease?

1) know hematocrit and hemoglobin count if later stage and invasive treatment is planned 2) if higher than stage 3 consult for physician for premed 3) check BP and use arm that doesn't have port in it 4) early in the day appointment and the day after hemodialysis 5) frequent recare intervals

The etiology of leukemia is unknown, but what put a person at an increased risk?

1) large doses of ionizing radiation 2) infections with specific viruses 3) smoking 4) exposure to benzene

Becker is similar to Duchenne, but what are the main differences?

1) later onset 2) slower progression 3) respiratory failure in mid 40's 4) abnormal or inadequate dystrophin

What are some common white blood disorders?

1) leukemia 2) leukopenia 3) leukocytosis 4) lymphocytopenia

What are examples of possible pre-cancerous oral lesions?

1) leukoplakia 2) erythroplakia 3) erythroleukoplakia

What triggers for seizures exist in the dental office?

1) lights 2) anxiety 3) sound 4) smells

What are two common rapid-acting insulins?

1) lispro 2) aspart

What are the advantages of the peritoneal dialysis?

1) low initial cost 2) ease of use 3) reduced likelihood of infection 4) no need for anticoagulant

what are the signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy in babies?

1) low muscle tone 2) unable to hold up their own head 3) muscles spasms 4) stiff feeling 5) poor reflexes 6) delayed development 7) feeding or swallowing difficulties 8) prefers to use one side of their body

What are the two types of lupus?

1) lupus erythematous discoid (DLE) 2) lupus erythematosus systemic (SLE)

what infectious diseases can trigger tourette syndrome?

1) lyme disease 2) strep

What are some dental treatment considerations while treating a patient with osteoporosis?

1) make sure patient is physically comfortable 2) aid patient to and from their car 3) frequent recall 4) diet analysis 5) check mobility 6) document 7) communicate with dentist and medical doctor 8) educate patient about their risks

What are the medical considerations of celiac disease if left untreated?

1) malnutrition 2) osteoporosis 3) infertility and msicarriage 4) lactose intolerance 5) cancer (intestinal lymphoma and small bowel cancer) 6) seizures or peripheral neuropathy

What are some medical considerations for a patient with MS?

1) management by a physician is crucial 2) consult with physician 3) refer to counselor if patient has psychological issues

What are the treatment options for a patient with stage 3 renal disease?

1) management of additional health conditions 2) management of anemia 3) management of bone disease

What are some dental treatment considerations for a patient that had a stroke?

1) may need to stop taking anticoaglant or anti-platelet before appointment 2) limit use of LA with vasoconstrictors 3) CHX irrigation 4) avoid prophy jet 5) make sure patient is comfy 6) dental care contraindicated within 6 months of strokes

what are the medical considerations for an ischemic stroke?

1) mechanical removal of clot 2) angioplasty and stents 3) carotid endarterectomy

What are the three most common types of skin cancer?

1) melanoma 2) basal cell carcinoma 3) squamous cell carcinoma

What are some homecare considerations for a patient with a blood disorder?

1) meticulous home care routine 2) low cariogenic foods 3) soft toothbrush 4) avoid products with alcohol 5) fluoride products 6) careful flossing

What are the homecare considerations for a patient with epilepsy?

1) meticulous oral hygiene 2) OHI at every appointment 3) brush twice daily 4) drink water 5) chew xylitol gum

What are the homecare considerations for HIV/AIDS patient?

1) meticulous oral hygiene 2) at least 6 month recare 3) Rx fluoride 4) salivary substitute 5) anti-fungals

What are 2 examples of antibiotics used to treat Crohn's disease?

1) metronidazole 2) ciproflaxin

What dental products may contain gluten in them?

1) mouth rinses 2) prophy paste 3) dentrifice 4) floss 5) fluoride 6) topical anesthetic 7) gloves 8) orthodontic retainers

What are the signs and symptoms of oral cancer?

1) mouth sores/sore throat 2) slow healing 3) persistent pain 4) red and/or white patches in the mouth 5) difficulty swallowing or chewing 6) difficulty and/or pain involving the jaw or tongue 7) lumps or thickening of the mucosa 8) hoarseness or change in voice 9) weight loss

What are the oral manifestations and complications of cancer due to chemotherapy and radiation?

1) mucositis 2) infection 3) xerostomia 4) abnormal dental development (before age 9) 5) bleeding 6) caries 7) candiasis 8) tissue sloughing

What are the characteristics of congential MD (floppy baby syndrome)

1) muscle weakness 2) joint deformities 3) spinal curvature 4) seizures in 20-30% 5) short life span

What are the disadvantages of the peritoneal dialysis?

1) need frequent sessions 2) risk of abdominal hernia 3) less effective than hemodialysis

What are the disease prevention strategies for Crohn's disease?

1) no smoking 2) adequate vitamin D levels

What are the dental treatment considerations for a patient with seizures?

1) provide good pain control 2) reduce stress 3) increased risk for bleeding 4) monitor BP 5) frequent appointments 6) premedication is not recommended

What are characteristics of oculopharyngeal MD?

1) ptosis 2) dysphagia 3) atrophy of the tongue

What are some ways to prevent COPD?

1) quit smoking 2) reduce exposure to indoor/outdoor pollutants 3) regular exercise 4) good nutrition 5) adequate hydration

What are the later symptoms of HIV?

1) rapid weight loss 2) recurring fever 3) fatigue 4) swelling of lymph nodes 5) diarrhea lasting over 1 week 6) sores in mouth and genitals 7) pneumonia 8) memory loss

What are some dental treatment considerations for a patient with a cleft lip or palate?

1) referral to oral surgeon 2) prosthesis 3) ortho 4) restorative dentistry 5) avoid using aerosols

What are some ways to prevent oral cancer?

1) regular visits to a physcian 2) limit smoking and drinking 3) avoid HPV infection 4) limit exposure to UV light 5) eat a healthy diet 6) wear properly fitted dentures 7) treat pre-cancerous growths 8) chemoprevention

What is the etiology of secondary polycythemia?

1) renal cell carcinoma 2) hypoxia

What are some medical considerations associated with Parkinson's disease?

1) respiratory abnormalities 2) aspiration pneumonia 3) COPD 4) cardiac arrhythmias 4) orthostatic hypotension

What environmental exposures and other injuries can increase a persons risk for parkinson's?

1) rural living 2) intake of well water 3) heavy metal and hydrocarbon exposure 4) stroke 5) brain tumor 6) head injury 7) exposure to mangenese 8) mercury 9) carbon disulfide 10) street heroin contaminated with meperidine analogue

What are the homecare considerations with a patient with spinal cord injury?

1) saliva substitute 2) fluoride 3) xyltiol 4) alcohol free mouthrinse 5) remineralization therapy 6) mechanical toothbrush 7) mouthstick hygiene and education

What are some homecare considerations for a patient with schizophrenia?

1) saliva substitutes 2) fluoride products 3) antimicorbials 4) thick handle toothbrush

What are some homecare recommendations for a patient with renal disease?

1) salivary substitutes 2) fluoride/xylitol 3) chlorhexidine/triclosan rinse 4) OHI 5) meticulous homecare

how is obstruction exacerbated in the airways in chronic bronchitis?

1) scarring 2) increased sputum production 3) mucous plugging 4) collapse of peripheral airways

What are the oral manifestations and complications of seizures?

1) scarring of oral tissue 2) fractured teeth 3) bruxism 4) gingival overgrowth

what are common oral manifestation seen with muscular dystrophy?

1) xerostomia 2) higher caries risk 3) TMJ issues 4) malocclusion

What are the ABCDEs of skin cancer?

A - asymmetry B - border C - color D - diameter E - evolving

Which of the following is not true about HIV transmission? A. HIV can survive for a long time outside the body B. cannot be transmitted through routine daily activites C. most common method of transmission is intercourse in men who have sex with men D. virus cannot be transmitted through animals/insects E. infected patient that is taking antiretroviral medication can still infect others

A. HIV can survive a long time outside of the body *HIV cannot survive long outside of body

What medications can be used to treat irritability in autism? A. Risperidone and aripiprazole B. Prozac C. Naltrexone

A. Risperidone and aripiprazole

Which of the following causes of Down syndrome is three copies of chromosome 21 in all cells caused by development of the egg or spermatozoa? A. Trisomy 21 B. Mosaic Down syndrome C. Translocation Down syndrome

A. Trisomy 21

a blood disorder that involves destruction of the bone marrow is known as: A. agranulocytosis B. hemophilia C. polycythemia D. leukocytosis

A. agranulocytosis

Which of the following is a short-acting bronchodilator? A. albuterol B. tiotropium C. Theophylline D. trihexyphenidyl E. memantine

A. albuterol

Which of the following are 1 st line medications to treat bipolar disorder? A. antidepressants B. mood stabilizers C. atypical antipsychotics D. none of the above

A. antidepressants *this includes selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Which of the following types of drugs would be used to treat a mild form of lupus? A. aspirin and NSAIDS B. antimalarials C. glucocorticoids D. cytotoxic agents

A. aspirin and NSAIDS

All of the following are symptoms of hyperglycemia except: A. sweating B. dry mouth C. weakness D. headache E. blurred vision

A. sweating *this is a symptom of hypoglycemia

A measure of the physical condition of newborn. It is obtained by adding points (2, 1, 0) for heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, response to stimulation, and skin coloration. A score 10 is desired

Apgar score

What are treatment options for Reynaud's syndrome?

1) don't smoke 2) dress warmly 3) use biofeedback 4) calcium channel blockers in severe cases 5) prevent skin ulcers from getting infected

How do you prevent autism while pregnant?

1) don't take drugs 2) seek treatment for existing health conditions 3) get vaccinated 4) don't consume alcohol 5) see an OBGYN

What are the medications used to treat Lyme disease?

1) doxycycline 2) amoxicillin 3) IV antibiotics (cephalosporins, pen G, Chloramphenicol)

What are some environmental causes to schizophrenia?

1) drugs 2) medical illness 3) stressful psychological events 4) viral infection 5) family situations

What are the 4 types of cerebral palsy?

1) dyskinetic or athetoid palsy 2) ataxic palsy 3) spastic palsy 4) combined palsy

what are the disease prevention strategies for bipolar disorder?

1) early identification for those with high risk 2) early intervention of medication 3) psychotherapy

What are some examples of bisphosphanates that are used to treat osteoporosis?

1) fosamax 2) actonel 3) boniva 4) nerixia 5) aclasta

What are the signs and symptoms of of muscular dystrophy?

1) frequent falling 2) delayed first steps 3) large calf muscles 4) muscle pain, stiffness 5) lordosis 6) walking on toes 7) waddling gait

What are the early symptoms of renal disease?

1) general ill feeling 2) fatigue 3) headaches 4) nausea 5) loss of appetite 6) weight loss

What are the oral manifestations and complications associated with red blood disorders?

1) generalized pallor of tissues 2) increased risk for perio 3) bleeding/enlarged gums 4) infection 5) delayed eruption 6) malocclusion 7) dentin hypersensitivity 8) facial and dental pain 9) petechiae 10) hematoma 11) ecchymosis 12) atrophic glossitis with loss of filiform papillae 13) angular cheilitis 14) increased risk for candidiasis 15) burning tongue 16) pain with swallowing 17) atrophic gingiva 18) bone-loss/thinning of border of mandible

What factors can contribute to bipolar disorder?

1) genetics 2) brain structure/function 3) chemical imbalance of noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine

What causes type I diabetes?

1) genetics 2) environment 3) viral infections

What are some oral manifestations and complications associated with fibromyalgia

1) gingivitis 2) mouth sores 3) TMJ issues 4) enexplained toothache 5) bruxism 6) xerostomia 7) glossodynia 8) dysphagia 9) tissue irritation 10) edema 11) leukoplakia/erythroplakia

What are the homecare considerations for a patient with muscular dystrophy?

1) give info to caregiver 2) floss holders 3) 3-sided toothbrush 4) toothbrush grips

What are some oral manifestations and complications associated with COPD?

1) halitosis 2) extrinsic tooth stain 3) nicotine stomatitis 4) periodontal disease 5) premalignant mucosal lesions 6) increased risk for oral cancer 7) xerostomia

Where are oral erythematous erosions on SLE patients found?

1) hard palate 2) soft palate 3) buccal mucosa 4) vermillion border of the lips

What are the signs and symptoms of polycythemias?

1) headache 2) fatigue 3) blurred or double vision 4) problems breathing laying down 5) weakness 6) excessive sweating 7) weight loss

What are the three most common forms of hemophilia?

1) hemophilia A (classic) 2) Hemophilia B (Christmas Disease) 3) Von Willebrand's disease

What type of medications are used to treat fibromyalgia?

1) heterocyclic antidepressant agents (HCA) 2) muscle relaxants 3) hypnotics 4) analgesics 5) anticonvulsants 6) medical marijuana

What is the etiology of a stroke?

1) high blood pressure 2) atherosclerosis 3) atrial fibrillation 4) high cholesterol 5) aneurysms 6) head injuries 7) genetics

What are the signs and symptoms of manic episodes?

1) high, elated feeling 2) energetic 3) increased activity levels 4) feeling jumpy or wired 5) trouble sleeping 6) talking fast 7) agitated 8) does too many things at once 9) does risky things

While doing a medical history for a patient with epilepsy what should you ask them?

1) history type 2) age at onset 3) causes 4) current and regular use of medications 5) frequency of physician visits 6) quality of seizure 7) frequency of seizures 8) date of latest seizure 9) any precipitating factors

What are the two main types of lymphomas?

1) hodgkin lymphoma 2) non-hodgkin lymphoma

What are the three main factors that cause lupus?

1) hormones 2) genetics 3) environment

What are the oral manifestations and complications associated with cerebral palsy?

1) hyperactive bite and gag 2) abnormal function and of facial muscles 3) musculoskeletal abnormality 4) malocclusion 5) mouth breathing and tongue thrust 6) attrition 7) erosion 8) oral injury 9) caries 10) phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth 11) heavy calculus 12) mechanical difficulty 13) mouthbreathing 14) ineffective self-cleaning 15) increased food retention

What are some other common symptoms associated with autism?

1) hyperactivity 2) impulsivity 3) short attention span 4) meltdowns 5) unusual sleeping habits 6) self-abusive behavior

What are the risk factors for renal disease?

1) hypertension 2) heredity 3) environmental factors 4) silica exposure 5) hyperlipidemia

What are medical considerations for Lyme disease?

1) identification of unusual symptoms in abscence of a clear medical condition 2) parotid gland involvement 3) facial and dental neuralgia 4) TMJ symptoms

What are some causes of Crohn's disease?

1) immune dysfunction 2) environmental factors 3) genetics

What are the potential secondary complications seen with a patient with a T6 or above spinal cord injury?

1) impaired respiratory function 2) pressure sores 3) spasticity 4) body temp 5) vulnerable to infection 6) cardiovascular instability 7) neurogenic bladder and bowel 8) autonomic dysreflexia

What are the signs and symptoms of chronic SCD?

1) increase fluid viscosity 2) blood stasis 3) thrombosis 4) infarction

What are the oral manifestations and complications seen with diabetic patients?

1) increased gingival inflammation 2) periodontitis 3) caries 4) angular cheilits 5) xerostomia 6) red mucosa 7) oral candidiasis 8) burning mouth 9) delayed wound healing 10) diminshed taste perception

All of the following are signs and symptoms of manic episodes except: A. energetic B. active C. trouble concentrating D. agitated, irritable, or touchy E. all of the above are true

C. trouble concentrating *this is true for depressive episodes

All of the following are signs of emphysema except: A. difficulty breathing on exertion B. barreld chest C. wet cough D. weight loss

C. wet cough *this wolud be true for chronic bronchitis, in emphysema patients experience a dry cough

scleroderma is also called CREST syndrome. What does CREST stand for?

C= calcinosis R= raynaud phenomenon E= esophageal dysfunction S= sclerodactyly T= telangiectasia

______ is the most commonly used peritoneal dialysis because it requires shorter exchange periods of ___-____ minutes

CAPD, 30-45

a glycoprotein found in helper T-cells

CD4+

Approximately 70% of patients with this disease require some form of surgery, and 40% have recurrent disease necessitating additional surgery

Crohn's disease

multisystemic inflammatory disease caused by the tickborne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi

Lyme Disease

taking antiviral medicines after being potentially exposed to HIV to prevent becoming infected and must be taken within 72 hours after exposure

PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis)

brain position emission tomography scan that takes images of brain activity

PET scan

condition present at birth, in which the infant has a smaller-than-normal lower jaw, a tongue that falls back in the throat, and difficulty breathing

Pierre Robin Syndrome (Sequence)

The unit of heredity that is passed from the parent to their offspring's characteristics

Genes

What is the etiology of AIDS?

HIV attacks the immune system by destroying CD4+ cells. CD4+ is a lymphocyte that is vital for destroying pathogens. The destruction of CD4+ cells leaves AIDS patients vulnerable to other infections and diseases. AIDS mortality is usually due to opportunistic infections

the primary test used to determine long-term (6-8 weeks) blood glucose levels

HbA1c

Paralysis on one side of the body

Hemiplegia

Which of the following medications used to treat parkinson's disease is a MAO-B inhibitor which can cause accumlation of dopamine in nerve cells? A. levodopa B. apomorphine C. selegiline D. amantadine E. trihexyophenidyl

C. selegiline

What is the most common form of CP? A. dyskinetic (athetoid) palsy B. ataxic palsy C. spastic palsy D. combined palsy

C. spastic palsy

Which of the following types of CP is characterized by spasms, stiffness, and rigid muscles resistant to movement A. dyskinetic (athetoid) palsy B. ataxic palsy C. spastic palsy D. combined palsy

C. spastic palsy

Which of the following stages of renal disease is associated with a loss of 50% or more renal function and the GFR is is between 30-59? A. stage 1 B. stage 2 C. stage 3 D. stage 4 E. stage 5

C. stage 3

A patient undergoing dialysis should have the dental hygiene visit scheduled: A. immediately after dialysis B. within 12 hours of dialysis C. the day after dialysis D. 3 days after dialysis

C. the day after dialysis

Which of the following is blockage to one or more arteries supplying blood to the brain? A. lucunar infarction B. embolic stroke C. thrombotic stroke D. large vessel thrombosis

C. thrombotic stroke

Which of the following types of spinal cord injuries causes loss of sensation and movement in one arm and both legs? A. tetraplagia B. paraplegia C. triplegia D. quadriplegia

C. triplegia

an area of inflamed or demyelinated CNS tissue

plaque

cell in connective tissue converted from B lymphocyte

plasma cell

normal blood is composed of 55% _______ ______ and 45% _____ ________

plasma fluid, formed elements

collapsed lung

pneumothorax

red blood disorder of increase in number/concentration of RBCs above normal levels

polycythemias

anterior part of maxilla that contains the incisor teeth

premaxilla

surgical removal of all of the rectum and part of the colon

proctocolectomy

What are the goals for treatment for cleft lip or palate?

produce closures to aid in feeding, speech, growth and development, and reduction of infection

the principle marker of kidney damage is persistent _______ in the urine

protein

What is the very rare type II myotonic (steinert's disease) of muscular dystrophy

proximal myotonic myopathy

a significant major mental disorder that so greatly impairs perception, thinking, emotional response, and/or personal orientation that the individual loses touch with reality

psychosis

the use of high-energy rays, x-rays, to treat cancer

radiation therapy

frequent coughing or problems passing stools may cause rectal tissues from inside the anus to move out of your rectum

rectal prolapse

How is bipolar II disorder different than bipolar I?

recurrent depressive and hypomanic episodes not as full-blown manic episodes

lessening in the severity of symptoms, or a "return" to the level of health equal or similar to the experienced prior to the last attack

remission

This condition results from damage or deterioration of nephrons

renal disease

Your patient has: - enamel hypoplasia, - Oral signs of pallor, - red/orange discoloration What condition is this associated with?

renal disease

______ _______ is the leading cause of death in patients with type I diabetes

renal failure

immature red blood cells without a nucleus

reticulocyte

doctors who diagnose and treat diseases of the bones, joints, muscles, and tendons, including arthritis and collagen diseases

rhematologist

autoimmune disease of unknown origin that is characterized by symmetric inflammation of joints and occurs when the immune system attacks the synovium

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

What type of specialist will primarily be involved in the care of scleroderma?

rheumatologist

secalin is a component of gluten found in _______

rye

The cause of this condition is unknown; collagen synthesis irregularities, immunologic disorders, and microvascular abnormalities have been implicated

scleroderma

an abnormal condition in which tissue has become hard, produced by overgrowth of fibrous tissue scars

sclerosis

What caution should the dental hygienist be aware of while administering local anesthesia to patient with hemophilia?

should avoid the administration of regional nerve blocks in which the risk of positive aspiration is great

hereditary form of hemolytic anemia from defective hemoglobin molecule that causes a crescent shape of the erythrocytes from being deoxygenated

sickle cell disease (SCD)

_______ tics are sudden, brief, repetitive tic that involves a limited amount of muscle groups

simple

What is the main goal for treating stages 1&2 renal disease?

slow disease process and preserve patient's quality of life

damage to the spinal cord that blocks communication between the brain and the body

spinal cord injury

a test used to test how well your lungs work, used for diagnosing COPD

spirometry

occurs randomly

sporadic

matter expectorated from the respiratory system composed mainly of mucous

sputum

Which stage of renal disease involved loss of at least 50% kidney function?

stage 3

when any surprising stimuli can trigger uncontrolled body movement

startle reflex

_______ ________ is continuous convulsions lasting more than 5 minutes

status epileptics

narrowed section of intestine due to thickening inflammation or scar tissue

strictures

blood supply to part of the brain is blocked or interrupted depriving the brain tissue from O2 and nutrients

stroke (cerebrovascular accident)

dopamine is a neurotransmitter that transmits signals between the _____ ______ and other regions of the brain

substantia nigra

What is the main area of the brain that affects movement and balance does Parkinson's affect?

substantia nigra of basal ganglion

reduces surface tension of fluid in the lungs

surfactant

What is the treatment for a cleft lip or palate?

surgery when child is 6 weeks and 9 months old and through teen years to complete long-term treatment plan and prosthetic devises (nasoalveolar molding appliance)

specialized connective tissue that lines the inner surface of capsules of synovial joints and tendon sheath

synovium

_______ scleroderma includes the skin and other organs

systemic

many of the drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis are also used in the treatment of what disease

systemic lupus erythematous

involuntary movements of the mouth, lips, tongue, and jaws

tardive dyskinesia

diverse group of genetic blood disorders characterized by absent or decreased production of normal hemoglobin

thalassemia

How do hormones impact lupus?

there is a correlation between lupus symptoms and high estrogen levels that occur during pregnancy and prior to menstrual period

a lowered number of platelets that may be caused by decreased production of in the bone marrow

thrombocytopenia

involunatry movement or vocalization

tic

What is the most common cause of COPD?

tobacco

What is the etiology of chronic bronchitis?

tobacco smoke and other irritants induce thickened bronchial walls with inflammatory cell infiltrate, increased size of the mucous glands, and goblet cell hyperplasia

state of continuous, unremitting action of muscular contractions; appears stiff

tonic

Abnormal electric activity throughout the brain; features a loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions

tonic clonic seizure or grand mal seizure

when the neck is extended back, the extremities also extend and back is arched

tonic labyrinthine reflex

a seizure with sudden sharp tonic contraction of muscles followed by clonic convulsive movements

tonic-clonic (grand-mal)

neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics that becomes evident in early childhood adolescence

tourette syndrome

What is the main symptom of muscular dystrophy

trendelenburg gait

chronic condition that may cause acute pain in the face caused by demyelination of nerve fibers in the trigeminal nerve root

trigeminal neuralgia

[T:F] a patient with a seizure disorder, hypertension, and anxiety disorder and is taking Tegretol. This is used to treat the patient's seizure disorder

true

[T:F] estrogen from hormone therapy and birth control pills do not increase symptoms of lupus

true

[T:F] in parkinson's disease the loss of dopamine results in abnormal nerve-firing patterns causing impaired movement

true

[T:F] the majority of schizophrenics are not violent

true

[T:F] vaccinations lower your chance of infections that can lead to epilepsy

true

[T:F] you should always test blood sugar before treatment on a diabetic patient

true

[T:F] genes alone do not cause FM

true *the etiology is unknown, but there is probably a genetic component and the CNS as the underlying mechanism

[T:F] most dialysis patients receive hemodylasis

true: 80% of patients are on hemodialysis

This class of medication is used to treat schizophrenia and may cause serious extrapyramidal side effects

typical antipsychotics

An inflammatory bowel disease that causes long-lasting inflammation and ulcers in your digestive tract. It affects the innermost lining of your large intestine and rectum

ulcerative colitis

A cleft on one side of the lip that does not extend into the nose

unilateral incomplete

What is the etiology of primary polycythemia?

unknown

What should the chair position be if a patient is experiencing autonomic dysreflexia?

upright

clinical syndrome caused by renal failure. Retention of excretory products and interference with metabolic functions

uremia

What type of medication would a person with stage I COPD be taking?

a short acting inhaler as needed

Is a chronic skin disorder in which a red, raised rash appears on the face, scalp, or elsewhere. The raised areas may become thick and scaly and may cause scarring

discoid rash

What may be some causes of autism?

disruption during brain growth in early development defects in genes that control brain development and regulate how brain cells communicate with each other

What type of muscular dystrophy affects the limbs farthest from the body?

distal muscular dystrophy

What is the etiology of emphysema?

distension of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles due to destruction of alveolar walls. Smoke injures the alveolar epithelium destroying alveolar walls creating large air spaces

oculopharyngeal autosomal [recessive/dominant] is more common and the onset occurs after age ______

dominant, 40

When do symptoms usually start in cerebral palsy?

during the first year after birth

slurred or slowed speech

dysarthria

Duchenne MD occurs because of the absence of ________

dystrophin

rod-shaped, cytoplasmic protein, and a protein complex that connects the cytoskeleton of a muscle fiber to the surrounding extracellular matrix through the cell membrane

dystrophin

when an organ or tissue of the body wastes away

dystrophy

at what age is the peak of bone production?

early 20's

hemorrhagic spot larger than petichiae in the skin or mucous membranes; non elevated, blue or purplsih

ecchymosis

What are some home care considerations for Lyme disease?

electric tooth brush if patient suffers from Bell's Palsy and mouthrinse if patient experiences tooth pain

over inflation of alveoli/air sacs which impairs airflow out of the lungs

emphysema

when the kidneys have completely and permanently shut down

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

rate at which red blood cells sediment in a period of one hour; a common hematology test to diagnose RA, and is non-specific measurement of inflammation

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

group of steroid hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body

estrogen

One of the two groups of proteins found in gluten, and it is the part of gluten that contains specific amino acids sequences that people react to if they have celiac disease or another form of gluten sensitivity

gliadin

GFR

glomerular filtration rate

What is the best measure for detecting and testing for renal disease?

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

burning tongue

glossodynia

protein found in endosperm of wheat, rye, and barley

gluten

specialized epithelial cells that secrete mucous

goblet cell

volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood

hematocrit

what type of dialysis is the method of choice when azotemia occurs and dialysis is needed on a long-term basis?

hemodialysis

protein in red blood cells that transport molecular oxygen to body cells

hemoglobin

rupture of red blood cells with the release of hemoglobin into the plasma

hemolysis

destruction of blood cells

hemolytic

oldest known hereditary bleeding disorders that are caused by low levels or complete absence of a blood protein essential for clotting

hemophililas

What is the most fatal stroke?

hemorrhagic stroke

bleeding into the soft tissue of joints (knees, ankles, and elbows) begins in the very young with severe hemopilias

hemorthoses

what medication is taken with hemodialysis?

heparin because it prevents clotting

diabetic coma resulting from too little insulin and an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood

ketoacidosis

What type of diet works to reduce the frequency of seizures?

ketogenic (high fats and low in protein and carbs)

metabolic products of fat within the liver

ketone bodies

A diet high in ____________ is helpful for patients with seizure disorders

ketones

a prosthesis designed to close a congenital or acquired opening

obturator

bacterial or viral disease transmitted from a flea, mosquito, or tick

vector-borne illness

anatomic or functional deficiency in the soft palate or the muscle affecting closure of the opening between mouth and nose in speech

velopharyngeal insufficiency

tiny, hair-like projections lining the small intestine that absorbs vitamins, minerals, and nutrients

villi

What is the common age of onset of sceleroderma?

30-50 years old

a decline in mental abilities, memory, and thinking skills

cognitive degeneration

What type of toothpaste is shown to work best on diabetic patients?

colgate total

How long should CHX be used on a diabetic patient?

4-6 weeks

The standard medications used in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease

Cholinesterase inhibitors

Thread-like structures that make up DNA in a nucleus

Chromosomes

What are the environmental factors that can cause Crohn's?

1) foreign substances 2) bacteria 3) viruses 4) smoking 5) low vitamin D levels

What are common medications used to treat Alzheimer's disease and how do they work?

1) Aricept (Cholinesterase inhibitor) 2) memantine (N-methyl-D aspartate (NMDA) antagonist)

What types of medications would a person with cerebral palsy be taking?

1) BT-A 2) intrathecal badofen 3) seizure medications 4) gastroesophageal reflux 5) incontinence 6) opioids

What are the two types of inflammatory bowel disease

1) Crohn's disease 2) ulcerative colitis

What tests and measures are used to monitor or diagnoses renal disease?

1) GFR 2) urinalysis 3) BUN (blood, urea, nitrogen) 4) serum creatinine 5) creatinine clearance 6) electrolyte measures

What is the etiology of leukopenia?

1) HIV/AIDS 2) typhoid fever 3) flu 4) malaria 5) measles 6) rubella 7) disease/intoxification of bone marrow

What factors can cause type II diabetes?

1) Hispanic, Indian, and Asian American race 2) increased age 3) weight 4) high cholesterol 5) high blood pressure 6) smoking 7) diet 8) activity level 9) genetics

What are the medications one may take for spinal cord injury?

1) NSAIDS 2) antiseizure medications 3) antidepressants 4) narcotics 5) muscle relaxants 6) topical local anesthetics

What types of medications are used to treat RA?

1) NSAIDS 2) steroids 3) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) 4) biologics

What are the homecare considerations for a patient with bipolar disorder?

1) Power toothbrush w/ pressure sensor 2) Rx fluoride 3) Saliva substitute 4) Anticariogenic diet 5) Mouthrinse 6) Xylitol

What are the signs and symptoms of acute SCD?

1) Self- limited, reversible pain episodes of the extremities 2) Swelling 3) Fever 4) Dehydration 5) Infarctions of tissues and organs 6) Symptoms of seizure, stroke, or coma 7) Enlargement of heart 8) Damaged liver, lungs, spleen, & kidneys

What are common oral manifestations and complications seen in patients with RA?

1) TMJ issues 2) poor oral hygiene 3) xerostomia 4) anterior open bite 5) high incidence of periodontal disease 6) stomatitis

What can trigger a flare with Lupus?

1) UV light 2) infection 3) stress 4) pregnancy 5) changes in medication

What are the signs and symptoms of celiac disease in adults?

1) abdominal pain 2) chronic diarrhea 3) infertility or recurrent miscarriages 4) anemia 5) chronic fatigue 6) weight loss 7) irritable bowel 8) dermatitis herpetiformis 9) osteoporosis

What are the signs and symptoms of Crohn's Disease?

1) abdominal pain 2) cramping 3) diarhhea 4) weight loss/vitamin deficiencies 5) anemia 6) fatigue 7) fever 8) incontinence and urgency 9) growth retardation in children 10) anxiety 11) embarrassment 12) socially debilitating

What are some oral manifestations seen in children with autism?

1) abrasion 2) attrition 3) erosion 4) self-abusive behavior leading to intraoral trauma 5) caries 6) drooling

What are the early indicators of autism?

1) absence of babbling or pointing by age 1 2) no single words spoken by age 16 months or two-word phrases by age 2 3) lack of response to calling their name 4) loss of language or social skills previously acquired 5) poor eye contact 6) no smiling 7) socially unresponsive 8) excessive arrangement of toys

What is the three step approach to bipolar disorder medications?

1) acute manic phase 2) periods of moderate to severe depression 3) maintenance therapy

What are the leading causes of death in Lupus patients?

1) acute vascular neurologic events 2) renal failure 3) cardiovascular involvement 4) pulmonary involvement

What are the risk factors of dementia?

1) age 2) family history 3) presence of ApoE4 alleles

What are examples of chemotherapy drugs used to treat cancer?

1) alkylating agents 2) antimetabolites 3) anti-tumor antibiotics 4) topoisomer inhibitors 5) mitotic inhibitors 6) corticosteroids

What conditions does dementia include?

1) alzheimer's 2) huntington's 3) Parkinson's 4) frontotemporal dementia 5) vascular dementia

What are the later symptoms of renal disease?

1) anemia 2) leg cramps 3) insomnia 4) ground-glass appearance to the bone

What can cause CP while mother is pregnant?

1) anoxia during pregnancy or delivery 2) maternal infection such as rubella 3) blood type incompatibilty 4) severe nutritional lack during pregnancy 5) maternal diabetes or endocrine imbalance

What medications should be avoided during pregnancy to decrease the risk of cleft palate/lip?

1) anti-seizure 2) acne 3) phenytoin 4) vitamin A 5) corticosteroids

What are some appointment modifications that need to be done for down syndrome patients?

1) antibiotic premedication 2) avoid using ultrasonics and air polisher 3) more frequent appointments 4) communicate with caregiver 5) sedation 6) frequent breaks 7) show, tell, do 8) play background music

What types of drugs can increase a patient's risk in developing osteoporosis?

1) antiseizure 2) gastric reflux 3) cancer 4) transplant patients

What are some medications and treatments that a person with a white blood disorder will be taking?

1) antivirals 2) antibiotics 3) biologics 4) enzymes 5) steroids 6) gamma globulin 7) bone marrow transplant 8) chemotherapy 9) stem cell transplantation

What are some oral complications and manifestations of Crohn's disease?

1) apathous ulcers 2) edma/swelling of the lips 3) oral granulomatosis 4) dry mouth 5) inflammation or abscess in salivary ducts 6) erythema 7) gingivitis 8) cobblestone appearance 9) mucosal tags

What are some ways to prevent having a stroke?

1) attempt to reduce or eliminate risk factors 2) control high blood pressure 3) limit cholesterol and sat. fats 4) quit smoking 5) control diabetes 6) control atherosclerosis 7) maintain a healthy weight 8) limit alcohol intake 9) diet rich in fruits and veggies

What are the phases of a tonic-clonic seizure?

1) aura 2) the tonic (tense) phase and loss of consciousness 3) the clonic convulsions phase 4) postical sleep

What are some dental treatment considerations while treating a patient with a red blood disorder?

1) avoid causing SCD crisis 2) get clearance from physician 3) short appointments 4) medical history 5) reduce stress 6) antibiotics 7) supplemental oxygen 8) low dose vasoconstrictors 9) frequent recall 10) increase risk for CVA and MI 11) have blood test results for hemoglobin and hematocrit 12) prevenative services

What are the medications and treatment options for a person with polycythemia?

1) avoid iron supplements 2) avoid aspirin 3) chemotherapy 4) radiation 5) phelbotomy

What are some medical considerations for a patient with renal disease?

1) avoid medication that are metabolized in the kidneys 2) medical consult for stage 4 or above

What homecare instructions would you give to parent of a child with autism?

1) avoid using sugary foods as rewards 2) powerbrush 3) timer 4) make a schedule with pictures 5) suck on sugar free candy to teach child to swallow 6) practice moving their limb while child is brushing

what are the signs and symptoms of osteoporosis?

1) back pain 2) loss of height 3) stooped posture 4) bone fracture that occurs more easily

What are some dental treatment considerations while treating a patient with celiac?

1) beware of accidental gluten consumption 2) recognize signs and symptoms of celiac to refer to doctor 3) patient may need more bathroom breaks 4) know if patient is on corticosteroid diet 5) high caries risk

What are the different types of treatments for cancer?

1) biopsy 2) surgery 3) radiation 4) chemotherapy 5) photodynamic therapy 6) biologic therapy 7) targeted therapy

What are the 4 types of bipolar disorder?

1) bipolar I 2) bipolar II 3) cyclothymic disorder 4) bipolar not otherwise specified (NOS)

What is the etiology of anemias?

1) blood loss from trauma 2) blood loss from disease 3) internal lesion with constant slow bleeding 4) increased hemolysis 5) nutritional deficiency 6) bone marrow failure 7) low reticulocyte 8) genetics

What are the symptoms of fibromyalgia?

1) body aches 2) chronic facial muscle pain or aching 3) fatigue 4) irritable bowel syndrome 5) memory and cognitive difficulties 6) multiple tender areas 7) numbness and tingling 8) palpitations 9) reduced exercise tolerance 10) sleep disturbances 11) tension or migraine headaches

What are the symptoms of renal failure?

1) bone pain 2) anorexia 3) nausea 4) vomiting 5) malnutrition 6) diarrhea 7) psychotic behavior 8) convulsions

what are the late-stage or chronic signs and symptoms of lyme disease?

1) brain and nervous system 2) muscles and joints 3) heart and circulation 4) digestion 5) reproductive system 6) skin

What triggers bipolar disorder?

1) break-up 2) abuse 3) death of loved one 4) physical illness 5) sleep disturbances 6) overwhelming problems in everyday life

What are some homecare considerations for a down syndrome patient?

1) brush with assistance 2) flossing between teeth that dont touch 3) diet low in sugar and refined carbs 4) explain everything to caregiver

What are the signs and symptoms for lupus?

1) butterfly rash 2) arthritis 3) kidney disease 4) reduction in RBCs and WBCs 5) confusion 6) depression 7) seizures 8) chest pain 9) irregular heart beat

What are the medical considerations for diabetes?

1) cardiovascular disease 2) kidney damage 3) nerve damage 4) blurry vision 5) skin conditions 6) slow wound healing

What are some dental treatment consideration related to medications of Crohn's disease?

1) careful prescribing opioids because they may already be taking them 2) avoid NSAIDs 3) avoid antibiotics of penicillin or clindomycin because risk of C. Diff 4) dentists should provide adequate pain control 5) head and neck exam should be thorough

What are some oral manifestations of stroke?

1) caries 2) periodontal disease 3) facial paralysis 4) dexterity 5) dietary adjustments 6) xerostomia 7) oral ulcers 8) candidiasis

What are the treatment options for cystic fibrosis?

1) chest clapping or percussion 2) breathing techniques 3) aerobic exercise 4) pulmonary rehabilitation 5) A, D, E, and K supplements 6) high salt diet 7) feeding tube at night 8) well balanced diet rich in calories, fat and, proteins

What are the medical considerations for a patient with a cleft lip or palate?

1) congenital anomalies 2) facial deformities 3) infections 4) airway and breathing 5) speech 6) hearing loss 7) Pierre Robin Syndrome

What are the medical and dental considerations when treating a patient with lupus?

1) consult with physician for patient stability, extent of disease, and a hematologic profile 2) there may be increased bleeding 3) postoperative antibiotics 4) increased risk for infective endocarditis

What are the two types of peritoneal dialysis?

1) continous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) 2) chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)

What are ways to prevent renal disease?

1) control blood glucose levels 2) control blood pressure 3) healthy diet 4) avoiding environmental triggers and silica

What type of medications will a person with muscular dystrophy be taking?

1) corticosteroids 2) ACE inhibitors 3) analgesics 4) anticonvulsants 5) antibiotics 6) immunosuppressants

What medications are used to treat celiac?

1) corticosteroids 2) vitamin and mineral supplements

What are homecare considerations for a diabetic patient?

1) daily meticulous homecare 2) Rx fluoride 3) alcohol-free mouthwash 4) encourage physical activity and healthy diet

What are some oral manifestations and complications seen in patients with osteoporosis?

1) damage to the jawbone 2) periodontal disease 3) loss of teeth 4) tooth mobility 5) difficulty retaining a denture

What are other medical considerations associated with bipolar disorder?

1) decline in renal function 2) hypothyroidism 3) hypercalcemia 4) psychosis 5) ADHD 6) anxiety 7) substance abuse 8) suicide

What are the types of treatment for a patient with stage 1 or 2 renal disease?

1) decrease retention of nitrogenous waste 2) control hypertension 3) control electrolyte imbalances 4) dietary modifications

What is the etiology of relative polycythemia?

1) dehydration 2) fluid loss from burns 3) smoking 4) hypertension 5) mildly overweight 6) stress

What are the oral signs of Celiac disease?

1) delayed tooth eruption 2) recurrent aphthpus ulcers 3) atrophic glossitis 4) oral lichen planus 5) angular cheilitis 6) enamel hypoplasia

What are some non motor signs an smyptoms of parkinson's?

1) dementia 2) Depression 3) Apathy 4) Fatigue 5) Pain in the shoulder and back 6) Paresthesias ("pins & needles") 7) Constipation 8) Urinary dysfunction 9) Sexual dysfunction 10) Weight loss

What are oral manifestations and complications seen with Lyme Disease?

1) dental neuralgia 2) TMJ problems

What are some homecare considerations for a patient with Alzheimer's disease?

1) determine their primary provider 2) write everything down 3) electric toothbrush 4) fluoride rinse and toothpaste 5) sugarfree candies

What are the four most common causes of ESRD?

1) diabetes mellitus 2) hypertension 3) chronic glomerulonephritis 4) polycystic disease

What are ways to prevent osteoporosis?

1) diet rich in calcium and vitamin D 2) weight-bearing exercises 3) bone density testing

What are some dental treatment considerations while treating a patient with MS?

1) dietary analysis 2) one-on-one relationship 3) some patients may be in wheelchairs so need you may need to accommodate for that

What are the signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis?

1) difficulty breathing in and out 2) wet cough 3) sedentary 4) overweight 5) cyanotic 6) edematous 7) breathless

What are the signs and symptoms of emphysema?

1) difficulty breathing out 2) dry cough 3) barreled chest 4) weight loss 5) chest radiograph abnormalities 5) purses lips to expel air

What are some signs and symptoms of cleft?

1) difficulty feeding 2) talking from the nose 3) change in nose shape 4) poorly aligned teeth 5) problems gaining weight 6) frequent ear infections 7) difficulties with speech 8) flow of liquid into nasal passages 9) hearing problems

What are the later indicators of autism?

1) difficulty making friends 2) difficulty initiating conversation 3) absence or impairment of imaginative and social play 4) repetitive or unusual language 5) abnormally intense or focused interest 6) preoccupation with certain objects or subjects 7) inflexible adherence to specific routines or rituals

What are the oral manifestations and complications with a cleft lip or palate?

1) disturbance in tooth development and abnormalities 2) missing or supernumerary teeth 3) malocclusion 4) open palate 5) lack of muscle coordination 6) difficulty with speech 7) biofilm retention 8) coated and fissured tongue 9) early periodontal disease in children 10) high risk for dental caries 11) difficulty in mastication 12) halitosis 13) missing uvula

What types of medications may a down syndrome patient may be taking due to conditions associated with down syndrome?

1) diuretics 2) antidysrhythmias 3) analgesics

What are the complications after having a stroke?

1) edema 2) paralysis 3) aphasia (difficulty talking) 4) dysphagia 5) memory loss 6) depression 7) pain, numbness, tingling of affected body parts 8) seizures 9) pneumonia 10) self-care is affected

What are the homecare considerations for a patient with cancer?

1) education 2) avoid alcohol-based mouthrinses 3) soft bristle brush 4) daily fluoride gel applications before radiation treatments 5) saliva substitutes 6) tobacco cessation 7) nutritional counseling

What are the dental treatment considerations while treating a patient with bipolar disorder?

1) elective dental treatment is postponed until patient isn't experieincing manic or depressive episodes 2) Consult with physician/psychiatrist 3) Simplify surroundings 4) Be patient 5) 3-4 month recare 6) Direct, simple homecare instructions 7) Consider contraindications to medications - nitrous oxide may induce triggers 8) Motivation

What are some homecare considerations for a patient with fibromyalgia?

1) electric toothbrush (if noise isn't bothersome) 2) extended or large toothbrush handle 3) flossing device 4) oral irrigators 5) xerostomia treatment 6) xylitol mints

What are some homecare considerations for patients that had a stroke?

1) electric toothbrush 2) modified toothbrush handles 3) floss handles 4) CHX rinse 5) prescription fluoride 6) xerostomia rinses 7) avoid rinses with alcohol 8) saliva substitutes 9) drinking plenty of water 10) educate caregivers

What are some homecare considerations for a patient with MS?

1) electric toothbrush 2) xerostomia 3) stress reduction protocol

What are the homecare considerations for a patient with cystic fibrosis?

1) electric toothbrush 3) floss daily 4) fluoride toothpaste and mouthrinse 5) rinse with sodium bicarbonate after drinks or snacks with sugar and using inhaler

What are the dental considerations for a patient with cerebral palsy?

1) electric toothbrush for caregiver 2) show-tell-do 3) educate the caregiver 4) drink water after medications 5) floss holder 6) xerostomia treatment 7) mouthguard

What are some homecare considerations for a patient with RA?

1) electric toothbrush with a modified handle 2) cleaning aids 3) xerostomia treatment 4) detailed homecare instructions

What are the oral manifestations and complications associated with lupus?

1) erythematous erosions or ulcerations 2) desquamative appearance of the gingiva 3) lesions resembling lichen planus or leukoplakia 4) xerostomia 5) dysgeusia 6) glossodynia

What tests are used to diagnose RA and help prevent the disease from getting worse?

1) erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 2) anti-CCP

What are some ways to prevent Alzheimer's?

1) exercise 2) brain exercise 3) healthy diet 4) moderate alcohol consumption

What are the signs and symptoms of celiac disease in children?

1) failure to thrive 2) abdominal distension/bloating 3) chronic diarrhea 4) delayed puberty 5) stunted growth 6) poor appetite 7) vomiting

What are the early-stage signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis?

1) failure to thrive as an infant 2) persisten cough and wheezing 3) recurrent pneumonia 4) excessive appetite but poor weight gain 5) salty skin or sweat 6) bulky, foul-smelling stools

What is a persons risk for getting Celiac disease?

1) family member with celiac 2) type I diabetes 3) down syndrome or turner syndrome 4) autoimmune thyroid disease 5) microscopic colitis 6) Addison's disease 7) rheumatoid arthritis

What are the signs and symptoms of leukemia?

1) fatigue 2) easy bruising 3) bone pain 4) abdominal pain 5) fever 6) weight loss

When can symptoms of FM get worse?

1) fatigue 2) tension 3) inactivity 4) changes in weather 5) overexertion 6) depression 7) hormonal fluctuations

What are the signs and symptoms depressive episodes?

1) feeling sad and down 2) little energy 3) trouble sleeping 4) can't enjoy anything 5) feeling worried 6) trouble concentrating 7) forgetful 8) eating too much or too little 9) slowed down

What are some common characteristics associated with down syndrome?

1) flattened facial features 2) protruding tongue 3) upward slanting eyes 4) poor muscle tone 5) short stature

What are the early symptoms of lyme disease?

1) flu-like illness 2) red expanding skin rash 3) Bell's palsy 4) lyme carditis 5) severe headaches and neck stiffness 6) pain and swelling in large joints

What are ways to prevent exacerbation of SCD?

1) folate supplements 2) pneumococcal polyvalent vaccine for children 3) allogenic stem-cell transplantation 4) daily penicillin until 6 years old

What are some dental treatment considerations while treating a patient with fibromyalgia?

1) not capable of enduring long appointments 2) use bite block 3) patient may not be comfortable in supine position 4) provide neck, back, or leg supports 5) light, noise, odor, heat, cold, and touch hypersensitivity 6) written instructions 7) educate difference between oral pain vs. chronic pain 8) frequent recare

What are the clinical manifestations of limb-girdle MD?

1) onset before middle or late childhood 2) affects muscles of hip and shoulder girdle 3) hypertrophy of calves 4) lordotic posture 5) weakness of flexors and extensons 6) diminshed tendon stretch reflexes 7) cardiac involvement

What are the oral complications related to spinal cord injury?

1) oral self-care due to lack of arm or hand function 2) mastication 3) swallowing 4) anxiety

What are common oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS patients?

1) oropharyngeal candidiasis 2) pseudomembranous candidiasis 3)angular cheilitis 4) linear gingival erythema 5) NUG/NUP 6) oral herpes 7) oral warts (HPV) 8)hairy leukoplakia 9) Kaposi's sarcoma 10) recurrent apthous ulcers 11) non-hodgkin's lymphoma

What are the medications and treatment options for a patient with SCD?

1) pain medications 2) antibiotics 3) hydroxyurea 4) penicillin 5) oxygen therapy 6) blood transfusions

What are the signs and symptoms of anemias?

1) pale thin skin 2) weakness 3) difficulty breathing upon exertion 4) headache 5) vertigo 6) ringing in the ears 7) dimness of vision 8) brittle and loss of convexity of nails 9) fatigue 10) palpitations 11) weight loss 12) syncope 13) hypotension 14) severe paresthesia

What are common oral manifestations seen with patients with renal disease?

1) pallor of oral mucosa 2) red/orange discoloration if cheeks and mucosa 3) diminished salivary flow 4) parotid gland infections 5) candidiasis 6) stomatitis 7) petechiae 8) enamel hypoplasia

What are the digestive system signs and symptoms with cystic fibrosis?

1) pancreatic enzymes can't reach intestines due to mucous 2) intestines can't fully absorb fats and protein 3) ongoing diarrhea 4) poor weight gain 5) pancreaitis 6) rectal prolapse 7) liver disease 8) diabetes 9) gallstones

What are the sign and symptoms of lymphoma of the skin?

1) papules, patches, plaques, nodules, or tumors 2) swollen/inflamed lymph nodes 3) ulcerated lesions 4) unexplained weight loss 5) fever 6) profuse sweating 7) severe itching 8) rashes

What are the medical considerations for a patient with leukemia?

1) patient is stressed from treatment and costs 2) poor healing 3) excessive bleeding 4) infection post surgery 5) anemia 6) hemorrhage 7) bone marrow failure

What are some dental treatment considerations for patients with blood disorders?

1) patients should be seen before chemotherapy 2) platelet count 3) bland mouthrinse 4) antibiotic prophylaxis 5) chlorhexidine for mucositis 6) antifungals

what are some dental considerations for a patient with muscular dystrophy?

1) patients stay in wheelchair during treatment 2) short appointment 3) morning appointments after medication 4) cheek retractors 5) bite blocks rubber dams 6) power of attorney

What are the two types of dialysis to treat renal disease?

1) peritoneal dialysis 2) hemodialysis

What are way to manage Crohn's Disase?

1) pharmacotherapy 2) surgery 3) diet and nutrition

What are the first line drugs to treat epilepsy?

1) phenytoin 2) carbamazepine 3) valproic acid

What are the signs and symptoms of skin cancer?

1) pink 2) red and swollen 3) peeling 4) bleeding/open sore 5) thick and crusty 6) slow or no healing 7) changes in sensation/surface 8) ABCDEs

The etiology of Alzheimer's is unknown, but what can it be related to?

1) plaque buildup in the brain 2) older age 3) family history 4) hypertension 5) APOE 4 genotype 6) chromosome 21 7) traumatic brain injury

What are common conditions seen in down syndrome patients?

1) poor immune system 2) periodontal disease 3) heart defects 4) risk for leukemia 5) risk for hypothyroidism 6) sleep apnea 7) alzheimers 8) narrowing of oropharynx and nasopharynx 9) stenotic ear canals 10) mitral valve prolapse

What are some oral manifestations and complications associated with parkinson's disease?

1) poor oral hygiene due to dexterity 2) difficulty swallowing 3) difficulty talking 4) difficulty chewing 5) increased chance of choking 6) xerostomia or excessive salivation (sialorrhea) 7) bruxism

What are some dental products that can help the Lupus patient with their symptoms?

1) powerbrush 2) hand-held flosser or waterpik 3) biotene 4) xylitol 5) fluoride

What are the dental treatment considerations for a patient with a spinal cord injury?

1) pre-appointment consult 2) tell-show-do technique 3) periodic rest breaks 4) proper airway position 5) wheelchair transfers/lift

What are some oral manifestations and complications associated with white blood disorders?

1) presence of infection 2) pallor of mucosa 3) lymphadenopathy 4) gingival enlargement 5) ulceration 6) gingival bleeding 7) granulocytic sarcoma/chloroma 8) candidiasis

In parkinson's disease there is a presence of Lewy bodies in brain cells. What are the 2 different hypothesis of how Lewy bodies work?

1) prevent cells from working properly 2) keep harmful proteins locked up so cells can function

What are some disease prevention strategies for seizures?

1) prevent traumatic brain injuries 2) lower risk of stroke and heart disease 3) get vaccinated 4) was your hands and prepare food safely 5) stay healthy during pregnancy

What are the stages of HIV infection?

1) primary infection 2) clinical latent infection 3) early symptomatic infection 4) progression to AIDS

What are the initial symptoms of MS?

1) problems with coordination 2) transient tingling in extremities 3) visual impairment 4) tremors 5) fatigue 6) weakness

What are the dental treatment considerations for a diabetic patient?

1) schedule appointment early in the day after breakfast 2) have glucose tablets readily available 3) check A1c levels 4) stress reduction 5) avoid tissue laceration 6) nutrition counseling 7) home fluoride 8) xerostomia protocol 9) frequent bathroom breaks

What are the medical considerations for a patient with cerebral palsy?

1) seizures 2) sensory disorders 3) dysarthria 4) cognitive impairment 5) uncontrollable reflexes 6) premature aging 7) chronic pain 8) arthritis

What are some homecare considerations for a patient with COPD?

1) self exams for oral cancer screenings 2) xerostomia reduction protocol 3) CHX mouthrinse 4) powerbrush or soft bristle brush 5) brushing 2x daily 6) flossing daily

What are the medical considerations associated with autism?

1) sensory problems 2) seizures 3) self-abuse behavior 4) tuberous sclerosis 5) fragile X syndrome

What are some dental considerations for an autistic patient?

1) short appointment 2) frequent appointments 3) dim lights 4) reduce noise 5) positive reinforcement 6) don't force eye contact if patient is uncomfortable 7) nicely tell patient what you are doing 8) use short simple sentences

What are some dental treatment considerations while treating a patient with RA?

1) short appointments 2) semi-supine position 3) offer pillows or blankets 4) frequent breaks 5) careful review medical history 6) may be prolonged bleeding 7) know how long patient has taken corticosteroid because may cause adrenal suppression

what part of the body does emery-dreifus affect?

1) shoulders 2) upper arms 3) shin muscles 4) joints

What organs are affected by cystic fibrosis?

1) sinuses 2) respiratory 3) skin 4) liver 5) pancreas 6) intestines 7) reproductive organs

What are the body systems that can be affected by RA caused by inflammation to other parts of the body

1) skin 2) eyes 3) lungs 4) heart 5) blood vessels

what are the steps that occur that cause Celiac disease?

1) small intestine is exposed to gluten 2) WBCs in mucosa presents gluten to T cells triggering inflammatory response 3) increase of IgA and other antibodies 4) inflammatory and innate immune responses damage villi and epithelial cells

What are risk factors for developing cancer?

1) smoking 2) alcohol consumption 3) poor diet 4) obesity and physical inactivity 5) chronic infections 6) family history 7) occupational exposures 8) sunlight 9) radiation 10) medical and iatrogenic factors 11) reproductive and menstrual factors 12) environmental pollutants

What are common symptoms associated with autism?

1) social impairments 2) cognitive impairments communication difficulties 3) repetitive behaviors

What are oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers?

1) squamous cell carcinoma 2) minor salivary gland carcinomas 3) lymphomas

What are the medical treatments for spinal cord injury?

1) steroids 2) surgery 3) artificial respiration 4) rehabilitation therapy 5) hydrotherapy 6) acupuncture 7) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

What are some dental treatment considerations for treating a patient with COPD?

1) stress reduction 2) tobacco cessation 3) treat patient sitting up 4) patient may need oxygen 5) avoid using ultrasonics, air polisher, and nitrous 6) thorough oral cancer screenings 7) have inhaler readily available

How can acquired cerebral palsy occur?

1) stroke 2) car injury 3) shaken-baby syndrome 4) abuse 5) lead poisoning 6) infection that slows blood flow to the brain

What are the signs and symptoms of stroke?

1) sudden onset 2) numbness/weakness of face or limbs usually on one side of the body 3) confusion 4) trouble with vision 5) difficulty walking 6) severe headache with no known cause

What should you do if a patient is having an epileptic episode?

1) supine position 2) keep patient from falling out of chair 3) move sharp instruments 4) loosen belts, collars, and ties 5) establish airway 6) check level of consciousness 7) if seizure lasts more than 5 minutes, activate EMS

What are the late-stage signs and symptoms with pulmonary involvement for cystic fibrosis?

1) tachypnea 2) sustained chronic cough with mucous production and vomiting 3) barrel chest 4) cynosis 5) digital clubbing 6) exertional dyspnea with decreased exercise capacity 7) pneumonothorax 8) right heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertenstion

What type of medications will a person with cancer be taking?

1) targeted therapy drugs 2) biologic agents 3) bisphosphonates 4) anti-fungals 5) topical antiseptic

What nutritional and supplements can be used for epilepsy?

1) taurine 2) folic acid 3) vitamin B12 4) vitamin E

what are some oral manifestations seen in down syndrome?

1) taurodontism 2) protruding tongue 3) mouthbreathing 4) large, fissured tongue 5) narrow jaw and palate 6) cleft lip/palate 7) delayed eruption 8) microdontia 9) congenitally missing teeth 10) bruxism 11) occlusion 12) decreased risk of dental caries

What are the signs and symptoms of RA?

1) tender, warm, swollen joints 2) joint stiffness after inactivity 3) morning stiffness that lasts longer than 1 hour 4) fatigue 5) fever 6) weight loss 7) significant joint inflammation

How is genetics linked to lupus?

1) there are several genes linked to lupus 2) if there is a family history of autoimmune disorders 3) African, Asian, Hispanic, Native American ethnicity 4) susceptible genes 5) less effective clearance of apoptotic bodies and nuclear antigens 6) antinuclear antibodies form antigen

What are some dental treatment considerations associated with cancer?

1) thorough oral cancer screening 2) fluoride 3) use vasoconstrictors 4) frequent recare appointment 5) avoid alcohol-based mouthrinse 6) use precautions when performing prophy and perio treatment 7) use precaution prescribing x-rays

What environmental factors can cause clefts?

1) tobacco 2) alcohol 3) teratogenic agents 4) inadequate diet 5) lack of prenatal care and risk factor instruction 6) high grade fever and infection 7) genetic problems passed down from both parents

What are the causes of COPD?

1) tobacco 2) genetics 3) exposure to occupational and environmental pollutants 4) absence or deficiency of alpha 1-antrypsin

What are the symptoms of osteonecrosis of the jaw?

1) toothache 2) exposed bone 3) swelling and loosening of the teeth 4) altered sensation 5) recurrent soft tissue infection

What are some dental treatment considerations for a patient with cystic fibrosis?

1) treat patient in semi-supine position 2) short morning appointments 3) assess alveolar bone health 4) don't use nitrous oxide 5) don't use air polisher 6) don't use ultrasonics 7) don't use rubber dams

What are the four motor cardinal signs or symptoms of parkinson's disease?

1) tremor 2) rigidity 3) bradykinesia 4) postural instability

What are the oral manifestations of MS?

1) trigeminal neuralgia 2) paraesthesia 3) bruxism 4) increased caries risk

what are some dental treatment considerations for a patient with Crohn's disease?

1) ulcers are treated with topical steroids 2) encourage patients to remain update on immunizations 3) dietary counseling 4) smoking cessation 5) regular monitoring of caries and pocket depths 6) sensitivity to patient's bathroom needs 7) morning appointments 8) patient may be self conscious about stomach noises 8) have a bathroom deoderizer in bathroom

What are the dental considerations for an HIV/AIDS patient?

1) universal precautions 2) medical consult for CD4+ and viral load 3) caution with LA or systemic medication 4) premed with CD4+<500 cells mm3 5) don't treat if patient has active herpes lesion

How is HIV transmitted?

1) unprotected sex 2) blood transfusions 3) sharing needles 4) pregnancy, delivery, and breast-feeding

What are the signs and symptoms of bipolar disorder?

1) unusually intense emotion 2) changes in sleep pattern 3) changes in activity levels 4) unusual behaviors 5) excessive, loud/rapid speech 6) inflated self-esteem 7) irritable 8) angry

What are the early symptoms of HIV?

1) very few symptoms 2) flu-like symptoms 3) disappear within week-month

What are the environmental factors that trigger lupus?

1) viral infection 2) stress 3) smoking 4) UV light 5) medications 6) exhaustion 7) exposure to silica dust

What are some causes of of sickle cell crisis or the acute form of SCD?

1) viral/bacterial infections 2) hypoxia 3) extreme fatigue 4) stress/anxiety

How can you prevent lyme disease?

1) wear protective clothing 2) light-colored clothing to spot ticks 3) spray footwear with permethrin 4) use repellents with DEET or lemon ecucalyptus oil on the skin

What are ways to prevent spinal cord injuries?

1) wear protective sport equipment 2) use a helmet 3) avoid diving into shallow water 4) wear seatbelt in the car 5) don't speed 6) avoid distractions while driving 7) use handrails while walking and showering

What are ways to prevent skin cancer?

1) wear sunscreen 2) seek shade 3) wear clothing/hats/sunglasses 4) get vitamin D safely 5) be cautious near water, sand, or snow 6) perform self-exams

What are a person's risk factors for developing RA?

1) women 2) older age (between 40-60) 3) family history 4) smoking 5) environmental exposures (asbestos and silica) 6) obesity

What are some dental treatment considerations when treating a patient with Parkinson's?

1) write down home-care instructions 2) short morning dental visits and frequent recare 3) patient should rise slowly from the chair 4) incline chair at 45 degree 5) bite prop 6) use of rubber dam 7) high volume evacuation

What are dental treatment considerations for an alzheimer's patient?

1) write everything down for caregiver and patient 2) mouth prop 3) know who has power of attorney 4) 3 month fluoride varnish application 5) sedation

What are the oral manifestations for spinal cord injury?

1) xerostomia 2) chronic inflammation of the gingiva 3) dental caries

What are oral manifestations associated with cystic fibrosis?

1) xerostomia 2) gingivitis 3) dental caries 4) demarcated opacities/diffuse opacities 5) enamel hypoplasia

What are the oral manifestations and complications associated with bipolar disorder?

1) xerostomia 2) high caries risk 3) periodontal disease 4) loss of taste 5) abrasion 6) toothbrush/floss cuts on gingiva 7) disregard of oral care 8) bruxism

Hemodialysis treatment occurs every ___-_____ days and takes ____-_____ hours

2-3, 3-4

At what age is type I diabetes usually diagnosed?

10-14 years

At what age is Crohn's disease usually diagnosed?

15-35 years old

at what age do symptoms occur in schizophrenia

16-30 years old

At what age is autism usually diagnosed?

2-3 years

At what age range does MS occur?

20-40

You will be diagnosed with AIDS if you have a CD4 count of fewer than _____/mm3

200

a typical person carries 23 chromosomes in each nucleus, but a person with down syndrome occurs when a person has part or a full extra copy of chromosome ____

21

____ - _____% of people with bipolar disorder will attempt suicide at least once

25-60

renal disease patients may show very few symptoms until the condition progresses to stage ____

3

When should the recare appointments be for a patient with cleft lip or palate?

3-4 months

What is the ideal recare appointment for a diabetic patient?

3-6 months

dialysis is initiated when the GFR drops below _____mL/min

30

the prognosis of limb-girdle MD varies but usually the individual is confined to a wheelchair by _____ years old

30

Regular human insulin acts in about how long?

30 minutes

what is the average life expectancy for a person with cystic fibrosis

40 years

How long can a tonic-clonic seizure last?

5-20 minutes

A platelet count below __________ micro liters may result in severe bleeding with SLE

50,000

When a person's HbA1c reaches _____% or higher, they are considered to be diabetic

6.5

when should a patient with Parkinson's take their medication before dental treatment?

60-90 minutes

in well controlled diabetes, the HbA1c levels should be less than _____%

7

COPD results in a FEV1 less than ____%

70

What percentage of patient's with Crohn's will need surgery?

70%

_____ % of cerebral palsy cases are to be congenital

90

Mental condition characterized by social-communication challenges and restricted repetitive behaviors, activities and interests

Autism

General term used to describe a spectrum of developmental disorders

Autistim spectrum disorders

What are the three FDA approved medications for fibromyalgia? A Duloxetine (Cymbalta) B. trazadone C. Milnaciprane (Savella) D. Pregabalin (Lyrica) E. methotrexate

A, C, and D

osteoporosis is common in people over 60, and the incidence increases with age. All of the following are risk factors of osteoporosis except: A. African american ethnicity B. female gender C. alcohol abuse D. early menopause E. low calcium intake

A. African American ethnicity

Granulomatous inflammation consistent with Crohn's disease was found on histopathological examination, and the patient was referred to a pediatric gastroenterologist. He was found to have tenderness to palpation in the right lower quadrant and periumbilical region, a rectal fissure, and painless rectal skin tags. Colonic biopsies showed chronic active colitis that was most prominent in the cecum and ascending colon, which confirmed a diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Which drug therapy is most likely to be administered in this scenario? A. Corticosteroid [prednisone] initiated with tapered dose in combination with anti-inflammatory mesalamine B. IV Infusion with biologic infliximab [Remicade] C. Biologic self-injectable adalimumab [Humira] in combination with methotrexate D. Antibiotic combination of clindamyacin and ciprofloxacin [Cipro]

A. Corticosteroid [prednisone] initiated with tapered dose in combination with anti-inflammatory mesalamine * this is to get the patient in remission

What medication is used to treat lung infections for people with cystic fibrosis? A. azithromycin B. ibuprofen C. albuterol D. dornase alfa

A. azithromycin *this is an antibiotic that can treat lung infections in cystic fibrosis. Cephalexin is considered another example

A 60 year old male patient who smokes 1 pack of cigarettes daily presents with breathing and coughing attacks of heavy mucous, as well as a blue complexion during the coughing fit. does this patient have: A. chronic bronchitis B. emphysema

A. chronic bronchitis

Which of the following types of medications is an anti-inflammatory and has immunomodulatory effects to treat MS? A. corticosteroids B. interferon beta (1a and 1b) C. glatiramer acetate D. natalizumab

A. corticosteroids

Which of the following types of CP occurs when the person experiences constant, slow, involuntary movement with frequent changes of muscle tone A. dyskinetic (athetoid) palsy B. ataxic palsy C. spastic palsy D. combined palsy

A. dyskinetic (athetoid) palsy

Each of the following is a common oral manifestation of end-stage renal disease except: A. glossitis B. petichiae C. urea in saliva D. ground glass appearance of alveolar bone

A. glossitis

All of the following are anti-inflammatory drugs used for maintaining remission in mild to moderate crohn's disease except: A. ibuprofen B. sulfasalazine C. 5-aminosalicycic D. mesalamine E. all of the above can be used

A. ibuprofen *this shouldn't be used because it can cause ulcers

Which of the following types of anemia occur because hemoglobin is deficient and red blood corpuscles are smaller than normal? A. iron deficiency anemia B. megaloblastic anemias C. pernicious anemia D. folate deficiency anemia E. sickle cell disease

A. iron deficiency anemia (hypochromic)

A patient had a stroke and is paralyzed on his left side and only has use for his right side. Where would you most likely see food and debris on this patient? A. left side of mouth B. right side of mouth C. both sides of the mouth

A. left side of the mouth

Which of the following types of medications is a mood stabilizer used to treat bipolar disorder? A. lithium B. olanzapine C. valproic acid D. carbamazepine

A. lithium

Which of the following is considered to be a good type of diet to prevent alzheimer's? A. meditteranean diet B. high protein diet C. sodium restricted diet D. vegetarian diet

A. meditteranean diet *this diet is rich in fruits, veggies, fish, and Omega-3 oils

The dental hygiene care plan for all patients with gingival hperplasia should include: A. meticulous OHI and motivation for biofilm control B. root planning in all 4 quads C. gingval surgery D. use of antimicrobial mouthrinse

A. meticulous OHI and motivation for biofilm control

Which of the following medications is used for the control of joint pain and swelling in RA? A. naproxen B. prednisone C. methotrexate D. humira

A. naproxen (aleve) *ibuprofen is also used and these drugs are NSAIDS

Which of the following stages of HIV will the person experience flu-like symptoms? A. primary infection (Acute HIV) B. clinical latent infection C. early symptomatic infection D. AIDS progression

A. primary infection (acute HIV) * this occurs within 1-2 months after the virus enters the body

Which of the following categories of polycythemias is the loss of plasma without the loss of RBCs, concentration of cells increase A. relative B. primary C. secondary

A. relative

Which of the following stages of renal disease is associated with over a 90 GFR and there is a 10-20% decrease in renal function? A. stage 1 B. stage 2 C. stage 3 D. stage 4 E. stage 5

A. stage 1

All of the following are signs and symptoms of tonic-clonic seizures except: A. staying conscious B. shaking/jerking of the body C. loss of bladder control D. an aura E. all of the following are true

A. staying conscious *a person will lose consciousness

Which of the following types of spinal cord injuries occurs in the cervical region with assosciated loss of muscle strength in all 4 extremities? A. tetraplagia B. paraplegia C. triplegia D. none of the above

A. tetraplagia

Which of the following medications to treat fibromyalgia is a heterocyclic antidepressant agent? A. trazadone B. duloxetine (cymbalta) C. milnacipran (savella) D. pregabalin (lyrica)

A. trazadone *other HCA's include amitriptyline and nortriptyline

Which of the following types of diabetes is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes? A. Type I B. Type II C. gestational

A. type I diabetes * in this type of diabetes the pancreas doesn't produce insulin and/or the immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells in the pancreas that create insulin

What is the most common cause of a spinal cord injury? A. vehicular accidents B. falling C. sports D. arthritis

A. vehicular accidents

Frank, a 24-year-old, is a new patient in for a cleaning. He has indicated that he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder at 17 years old and is taking citalopram and lithium. His last dental visit was 5 years ago, and he presents with heavy plaque biofilm, gingival lacerations, and multiple caries diagnosed by the dentist. Due to the medications he is taking, Frank will most likely be experiencing which of the following conditions? A. Xerostomia B. Caries C. Periodontal disease D. Loss of taste

A. xerostomia

Is antibiotic prophylaxis indicated for Lupus patients for their increased risk of endocarditis?

According the American Heart Association, antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended

a form of irreversible dementia, usually occurring in older adulthood, characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, disorientation, and other features of dementia

Alzheimer's disease

What is the most common form of dementia?

Alzhiemer's disease

An absence of oxygen

Anoxia

All of the following ethnic groups is more common to have Crohn's disease except: A. caucasians B. African Americans C. Jewish people D. Eastern European decent

B. African Americans

Which of the following forms of dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder of movement, progressive dementia with psychiatric and behavioral disturbance? A. Parkinson's disease B. Huntington's disease C. Frontotemporal disease D. Vascular dementia

B. Huntington's disease

What selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor has an off-label use to ease social difficulties in autism? A. Risperidone and aripiprazole B. Prozac C. Naltrexone

B. Prozac

45-75% of patients with RA also report having which condition? A. stomatitis B. TMJ C. Rheumatoid nodules D. pericarditis

B. TMJ

A class 4 cleft is defined as: A. cleft of the uvula B. cleft of soft and hard palates C. cleft of soft palate D. cleft of the soft and hard palates that continue through the alveolar ridge

B. cleft of the soft and hard palate

Which of the following would be a helpful take-home item for an autistic patient? A. Flossers B. Timer C. Fluoride mouth rinse D. Tongue scraper

B. Timer

Which of the following types of diabetes occurs when the body does not make enough insulin or cannot use it properly? A. Type I B. Type II C. gestational

B. Type II diabetes

Frank, a 24-year-old, is a new patient in for a cleaning. He has indicated that he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder at 17 years old and is taking citalopram and lithium. His last dental visit was 5 years ago, and he presents with heavy plaque biofilm, gingival lacerations, and multiple caries diagnosed by the dentist. Which of the following would be the most important factor to influence Frank's homecare routine? A. Implementing the use of a powered toothbrush with a sensor B. A personal understanding of the importance of good oral health C. A saliva substitute D. Using a mouthrinse

B. a personal understanding of the importance of good oral health

Which of the following types of drugs would be used to treat dermatologic disease of lupus? A. aspirin and NSAIDS B. antimalarials C. glucocorticoids D. cytotoxic agents

B. antimalarials

Which of the following is used to treat acute manic phase only? A. mood stabilizers B. antipsychotics C. antidepressants D. anticonvulsants

B. antipsychotics * mood stabilizers are also used for acute manic phase and long-term maintenance, antidepressants are used for depressive episodes

Which of the following medications used to treat parkinson's disease and is a dopamine agonist? A. levodopa B. apomorphine C. selegiline D. amantadine E. trihexyophenidyl

B. apomorphine * this can be taken with L-dopa or be given alone

All of the following are examples of long-acting human insulins except: A. glargine B. aspart C. ultralente D. detemir

B. aspart * this is an example of a rapid-acting insulin

Which of the following types of CP occurs when there is loss of equilibrium, balance and depth perception. There is lack of coordination and patient may have involuntary muscle quivering A. dyskinetic (athetoid) palsy B. ataxic palsy C. spastic palsy D. combined palsy

B. ataxic palsy

what is the most common childhood motor disability? A. muscular dystrophy B. cerebral palsy C. crohn's disease D. none of the above

B. cerebral palsy

Which of the following stages of HIV will the person experience swelling of the lymph nodes or no signs or symptoms? A. primary infection (Acute HIV) B. clinical latent infection C. early symptomatic infection D. AIDS progression

B. clinical latent infection *this lasts about 10 years if not receiving antiretroviral therapy and for many decades if patient is on medications

Rebecca is a 23 year old female, who is new to your dental office and has come in for her first visit. On the medical history, Rebecca states she has episodic seizures. While sitting in the chair, Rebecca begins to become unresponsive, staring out into space. What type of seizure has Rebecca just suffered? A. Simple partial seizure B. Complex partial seizure C. Absence seizure D. Tonic-clonic seizure

B. complex partial seizure

An anterior open bite, seen in patients diagnosed with RA, is typically caused from: A. premature dental loss B. destruction of the condylar heads C. tongue thrust D. mouth breathing

B. destruction of the condylar heads

what type of muscular dystrophy is the most common form and is X-linked recessive? A. congenital B. Duchenne C. oculopharyngeal D. Becker E. myotonic (Steinert's disease)

B. duchenne

Which of the following is when a blood clot forms in the body (usually the heart) and then travels to the brain? A. hemorrhagic stroke B. embolic stroke C. thrombotic stroke D. large vessel thrombosis

B. embolic stroke

Which of the following is a characteristic of a major depressive episode? A. decreased need for sleep B. fatigue C. increase in goal-directed activity D. flight of ideas

B. fatigue *all others are characteristics of manic episodes

Which of the following is a primary etiology of seizures? A. trauma B. genetic predisposition C. brain tumor D. cerebrovascular accident

B. genetic predisposition

Which of the following describes the clinical signs of advanced gingival hyperplastic lesion? A. painless enlargement of interdental papillae, fibrotic, pink, and stippled B. increase in tissue size, includes marginal gingiva and anatomic crown, cleft-like grooves occur between the lobules C. number of fibroblasts and collagen increases, thick epithelium with long rete ridges D. large, bulbous gingiva covers enamel and may wedge teeth apart, may interfere with mastication.

B. increase in tissue size, includes marginal gingiva and anatomic crown, cleft-like grooves occur between the lobules *A. would be early clinical features and D. would be severe lesion

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome is associated with which form of anemia? A. thalassemia B. iron deficiency C. sickle cell disease D. folic acid anemia E. pernicious anemia

B. iron deficiency anemia *this includes dysphagia and atrophy of the upper alimentary tract

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the butterfly rash? A. found on the bridge of the nose and the cheeks B. painless C. itchy D. worsens with exposure to sunlight

B. itchy *this rash typically doesn't itch

During a major motor seizure, the primary objective of the dental staff is to: A. keep the patient from moving B. keep the patient from injuring him/herself C. keep the patient from biting his/her tongue D. keep the patient from destroying the dental equipment

B. keep the patient from injuring him/herself

The most common location for oral caner is the: A. floor of the mouth B. lateral border of the tongue C. lip D. pharynx

B. lateral border of the tongue

Which of the following drug is an ACE inhibitor used for patients with MD? A. prednisone B. lisinopril C. aspirin D. valproic acid E. cyclosporine

B. lisinopril

A 65 year old male comes into your office. Upon going over his health history you discover he has been diagnosed with leukemia. He has been going through chemotherapy and is taking multiple medications.Which product would you not use on this patient? A. Chlorhexidine B. Listerine C. Sodium Bicarbonate mouth rinse D. Benzydamine

B. listerine

which of the following is blood flow blocked to small vessels, closely linked to hypertension? A. hemorrhagic stroke B. lucunar infarction C. large vessel thrombosis D. thrombotic stroke

B. lucunar infarction

Which of the following types of anemia occur when the red blood cells are abnormally large and oval shaped as a result of vitamin deficiencies? A. iron deficiency anemia B. megaloblastic anemias C. pernicious anemia D. folate deficiency anemia E. sickle cell disease

B. megaloblastic anemias * pernicious and folate deficiency anemias are the types of megablastic anemias

All of of the following are times of the day when the symptoms of FM are intensified except: A. morning B. mid-morning C. late afternoon D. evening

B. mid-morning

Why would a patient with down syndrome need premedication for dental treatment? A. upper respiratory infection B. mitral valve prolapse C. stenotic ear canals

B. mitral valve prolapse

Which of the following types of medications is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat bipolar disorder? A. lithium B. olanzapine C. valproic acid D. carbamazepine

B. olanzapine

Which of the following types of spinal cord injuries occurs in the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral segments, including the cauda equina and conus medullaris? A. tetraplagia B. paraplegia C. triplegia D. quadriplegia

B. paraplegia

Which of the following condition may have an excess of saliva secretion? A. Alzheimer B. parkinson's C. COPD D. cystic fibrosis

B. parkinson's

A 38 year old female patient with multiple sclerosis has recession and abrasion on the upper left quad, what could be a contributing factor? A. poor oral hygiene care practices B. patient has muscular spasticity due to MS C. patient is taking a corticosteroid D. patient just had her teeth cleaned

B. patient has muscular spasticity due to MS

Which of the following medications is a corticosteroid used to relieve acute symptoms of RA with the goal of tapering off? A. naproxen B. prednisone C. methotrexate D. humira

B. prednisone

Which of the following categories of polycythemias has oral signs and symptoms of deep purplish-red color of mucous membranes, gums, and tongue. The gums are enlarged with slight bleeding and there is submucosal petechiae, ecchymosis, and hematoma formation. A. relative B. primary C. secondary

B. primary

Which of the following categories of polycythemias is an increase in RBCs, WBCs, and hemoglobin. The blood becomes for viscous affecting O2 transport to tissues. A. relative B. primary C. secondary

B. primary

Which of the following HIV medications disables a protein that HIV needs to make copies of itself? A. Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) B. Protease inhibitors (PIs) C. Entry or fusion inhibitors D. Integrase inhibitors

B. protease inhibitors (PIs)

Which of the following stages of renal disease is associated with a GFR between 60-89? A. stage 1 B. stage 2 C. stage 3 D. stage 4 E. stage 5

B. stage 2

Which of the following is a long-acting bronchodilator? A. albuterol B. tiotropium C. Theophylline D. galantamine E. selegiline

B. tiotropium

All of the following are treatment considerations for treating a patient with fibromyalgia except: A. use a bite block B. turn up the music to drown out the noise of the hand piece C. give written homecare instructions D. schedule short appointments usually in the afternoon E. have patient use a pillow during the appointment

B. turn up the music to drown out the noise of the hand piece

All of the following are bone changes seen on radiographs in patients with SCD except: A. horizontal (stepladder) bone pattern between teeth B. vertical bone loss occurring interproximally C. severe periodontal bone loss in children D. decreased radiolucency

B. vertical bone loss occurring interproxinally

Which of the following is the best and most efficient way to treat a patient with CP and is a quadriplegic? A. using a mouth prop B. while still in his wheelchair C. as quickly as possible D. under general anesthesia

B. while still in his wheelchair

what is the most common medication used to treat cerebral palsy?

Botulinum Toxin-A injections (BT-A)

Which of the following categories of polycythemias is an increase of RBCs A. relative B. primary C. secondary

C. secondary (erythrocytosis)

A 5 year old patient with autism has a meltdown when taken into the bathroom to brush his teeth. What would be a good solution? A. Don't brush child's teeth B. Let the child brush their own teeth C. Brush child's teeth in a more comfortable environment D. Trick the child into coming into the bathroom

C. Brush child's teeth in a more comfortable environment

What type of occlusion will you most likely see in a patient with down syndrome? A. Class I B. Class III C. Class III posterior crossbite D. Class II anterior openbite

C. Class III posterior crossbite

Which of the following forms of dementia is degeneration of the cerebral cortex and affects behavior and decision making skills? A. Parkinson's disease B. Huntington's disease C. Frontotemporal disease D. Vascular dementia

C. Frontotemporal disease

What medication has an off label use to treat disabling repetitive and self injuries in autism? A. Risperidone and aripiprazole B. Prozac C. Naltrexone

C. Naltrexone

After suffering from a complex partial seizure while in the dental chair, Rebecca recovers and is willing to continue on with treatment. As a dental hygienist, what should you do? A. Ask the dentist for approval to continue on with treatment B. Continue on with treatment since Rebecca is willing to C. Stop treatment and allow patient to recover before discharge D. None of the above

C. Stop treatment and allow patient to recover before discharge

the type of seizure where consciousness begins and ends abrubtly in 5 to 30 seconds followed by a quick resuming of activites desribes: A. Simple seizure B. tonic-clonic seizures C. absence seizure (petite mal) D. complex-focal seizure

C. absence (petite mal)

What medication is a bronchodilator that can treat cystic fibrosis? A. azithromycin B. ibuprofen C. albuterol D. dornase alfa

C. albuterol *bronchodilators help open the airways. Salmeterol is another example

you have a 29 year old patient who presents with the following symptoms: xerostomia, TMJ pain when opening his mouth, can't fully close his eyes, can't fully close his eyes, can't lift his arms past his shoulders, and he states he has never been able to whistle, blow up a balloon, and has difficulty using straws due to his inability to hold his lips closed. What type of medication is this patient most likely taking? A. anticonvulsants B. antibiotics C. analgesics D. immunosuppressants

C. analgesics

A 65 year old male comes into your office. Upon going over his health history you discover he has been diagnosed with leukemia. He has been going through chemotherapy and is taking multiple medications. What category of medications will this patient not be taking? A. Antibiotics B. Biologicals C. Anti-Inflammatory D. Enzymes

C. anti-inflammatory

What is the most common manifestation of SLE? A. renal abnormalities B. neuropsychiatric symptoms C. arthritis D. pulmonary manisfestations

C. arthritis

Which of the following oral manifestations occur during depressive episodes? A. toothbrush/floss cuts on gingiva B. disregard of oral care C. bruxism D. both B and C

C. bruxism

Which of the following is a common oral side effect of radiation to the head and neck area? A. occlusal caries B. fissuring of the tongue C. cervical caries D. periodontal abscesses

C. cervical caries

which of the following is not a dental treatment consideration for a patient with CP? A. primitive reflex reactions B. body stabilization and support and utilize fulcrum C. cognitive or intellectual impairment D. short morning appointment E. nitrous oxide, general anesthesia, muscle relaxants

C. cognitive or intellectual development * many people with CP have no cognitive or intellectual impairment so you shouldn't lack comprehension

Which of the following is a combination of atherosclerosis followed by rapid blood clot formation? A. hemorrhagic stroke B. lucunar infarction C. large vessel thrombosis D. thrombotic stroke

C. large vessel thrombosis

What is the correct description of the term dystrophy? A. absence or loss of power of voluntary motion B. destruction of the myelin sheath of a nerve C. degeneration and is associated with atrophy and dysfunction D. excess of cholesterol in blood

C. degeneration and is associated with atrophy and dysfunction

Which of the following is not considered a characteristic of bipolar I disorder? A. at least 1 manic episode B. main episode likely accompanied by major depressive episodes C. depressive episodes last at least 1 week D. all of the above are true

C. depressive last at least 1 week * depressive episodes last at least 2 weeks

Which of the following stages of HIV is when the virus multiples and destroys immune cells and patient may have mild infections or chronic signs and symptoms? A. primary infection (Acute HIV) B. clinical latent infection C. early symptomatic infection D. AIDS progression

C. early symptomatic infection

What are the best homecare instructions for a patient that had a stroke? A. electric toothbrush, floss aids, and chlorhexadine B. manual toothbrush C. electric toothbrush, floss aids, chlorhexadine, waterpik, and instructions to caregiver

C. electric toothbrush, floss aids, chlorhexadine, waterpik, and instructions to caregiver

The clotting factor associated with a patient having hemophilia type A is: A. factors VII B. factor X C. factors VIII D. factor VI

C. factor VIII

you have a 29 year old patient who presents with the following symptoms: xerostomia, TMJ pain when opening his mouth, can't fully close his eyes, can't lift his arms past his shoulders, and he states he has never been able to whistle, blow up a balloon, and has difficulty using straws due to his inability to hold his lips closed. What type of MD does this patient have? A. occulopharyngeal B. myotonic (Steinert's disease) C. fasioscapulohumeral D. emery-dreifuss

C. fascioscapulohumeral

What is the most common chronic pain in the U.S.? A. rheumatoid arthritis B. osteoporosis C. fibromyalgia D. multiple sclerosis

C. fibromyalgia

Which of the following types of medications used to treat MS reduces and prevents relapses in MS, useful for patients that have interferon-beta resistance? A. corticosteroids B. interferon beta (1a and 1b) C. glatiramer acetate D. natalizumab

C. glatiramer acetate

Which of the following types of drugs would be used to treat severe symptoms of lupus? A. aspirin and NSAIDS B. antimalarials C. glucocorticoids D. cytotoxic agents

C. glucocortcoids

Which of the following is not a characteristic of dyskinetic CP? A. grimacing, drooling, and speech defects B. lack of ability to direct muscles in desired motions C. intensity of movements is influenced by physical factors D. all of the above are true

C. intensity of movements is influenced by physical factors * intensity of movements is influenced by emotional factors. Patients in the least control in an emotionally charged environment such as a dental office

All of the following are benign oral lesions except: A. pyogenic granuloma B. lipoma C. leukoplakia D. eosinophilic granuloma E. papilloma

C. leukoplakia *this is possible pre-cancerous

All of the following are characteristics of all seizures except: A. uncontrollable length B. unprovoked, unpredictable, and involuntary C. loss of consciousness with each seizure D. sudden paroxysmal electrical discharge of neurons in the brain

C. loss of consciousness with each seizure

Which of the following medications slows the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and save the joints and other tissues from permanent damge? A. naproxen B. prednisone C. methotrexate D. humira

C. methotrexate *this drug is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)

Which of the following would not be a homecare consideration for a patient with parkinson's? A. electric toothbrush B. sitting down to brush C. mouthhrinse D. nailbrush attached to sink for easy denture cleaning

C. mouthrinse *this is not recommended because of a patients risk of choking

All of the following oral conditions are common in clients with cerebral palsy except: A. open bite B. facial asymmetry C. nerve paralysis D. swallowing problems

C. nerve paralysis

you have a 29 year old patient who presents with the following symptoms: xerostomia, TMJ pain when opening his mouth, can't fully close his eyes, can't fully close his eyes, can't lift his arms past his shoulders, and he states he has never been able to whistle, blow up a balloon, and has difficulty using straws due to his inability to hold his lips closed. Which would you most likely not prescribe to this type of patient? A. floss holder B. toothbrush gripper C. oral rinse D. water irrigation system

C. oral rinse

Which of the following drugs is given to a patient that had a hemorrhagic stroke to decrease intracranial pressure? A. thrombolytic drugs B. plasminogen activator (TPA) C. osmotic diuretics D. blood thinners E. anti-hypertensive drugs

C. osmotic diuretics *the other drugs are used to treat ischemic stroke

If a down syndrome patient in your chair is having a hard time and you are unable to perform treatment, what would be the best thing for your patient? A. referral to a different dentist B. ask your coworker to try C. speak with dentist and suggest treatment under general anesthesia

C. perform treatment under general anesthesia

A seizure can be precipitated by which of the following? A. trance-like state B. jerking of the muscles around the mouth C. psychological stress and apprehension D. unconsciousness

C. psychological stress and apprehension

When is the onset of facioscapulohumeral MD? A. birth B. before age 3 C. puberty D. old age

C. puberty

All of the following are oral manifestation of Crohn's except: A. apathous ulcers B. granulomatous cheilitis C. pystomatitis vegetans D. abscess in the salivary ducts

C. pystomatitis vegetans * this is found in ulcerative colitis

The brain cerebrum

Cerebral

A condition in which injury to parts of the brain has occurred and has resulted in paralysis or disruption of motor parts

Cerebral palsy

All of the following are signs of chronic bronchitis except: A. cyanotic B. weight gain C. wet cough D. difficulty breathing out only

D. difficulty breathing out only * this would be true for emphysema, a person with chronic bronchitis will have difficulty breathing in and out

Which of the following medications could a patient with cystic fibrosis be taking? A. azithromycin B. alprazolam C. albuterol D. A&C E. all of the above

D. A and C

Which aspect of dental treatment is most important for a child with autism? A. Make it interesting B. Having long appointments so patient can become more comfortable with the environment C. Not overwhelming the child with info D. Consistency in staff and appointment routine

D. Consistency in staff and appointment routine

Which of the following forms of dementia is the second most common form and is related to atherosclerosis and stroke? A. Parkinson's disease B. Huntington's disease C. Frontotemporal disease D. Vascular dementia

D. Vascular dementia

Which of the following are drugs a patient with parkinson's disease may be taking? A. apomorphine B. tolcapone C. levodopa D. all of the above

D. all of the above

villous atropy occurs when: A. height of villi decreases B. villi are flattened C. there is reduced absorption D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Which of the following are not possible causes of cerebral palsy? A. congenital brain malformation B. maternal infections of fevers C. fetal injury D. all of the above are true

D. all of the above are true

Which of the following medications used to treat parkinson's disease is an antiviral to help ease the symptoms? A. levodopa B. apomorphine C. selegiline D. amantadine E. trihexyophenidyl

D. amantadine

What would be the best recare option for a patient that had a stroke? A. 1 year B. 6 months C. 3 months D. as frequent as patient needs

D. as frequent as patients needs

Which of the following is a category of drug that is used to treat ischemic stroke? A. IV injection of vitamin K B. anti-hypertensives C. anti-convulsants D. blood thinners

D. blood thinners *all other drugs are used to treat hemorrhagic stroke

Which of the following types of drugs would be used to treat lupus that is unresponsive to treatment or as adjunt for patient with severe symptoms? A. aspirin and NSAIDS B. antimalarials C. glucocorticoids D. cytotoxic agents

D. cytotoxic agents

Which of the following is not true for Duchenne MD? A. lordosis B. cardiac involvement C. mental impairment in some D. death due to cardiac arrest in the mid-forties E. all of the following are true

D. death due to cardiac arrest in the mid-forties *death is due respiratory failure in mid to late 20's

Which of the following is intermediate acting insulin? A. ultralente B. neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) C. lente D. both A and C E. both B and C

E. both B and C

What medication is used to clear mucus for people with cystic fibrosis? A. azithromycin B. ibuprofen C. albuterol D. dornase alfa

D. dornase alfa

A patient who is undergoing chemotherapy may exhibit all of the following oral conditions except: A. gingival bleeding B. ulcerative mucositis C neurotoxicity D. gingival enlargement

D. gingival enlargment * this is associated with the use of other drugs, but not chemo

Which of the following medications target part of the immune system that trigger inflammation that causes joint and tissue damage by blocking messenger cells? A. naproxen B. prednisone C. methotrexate D. humira

D. humira * this is a biologic agent and is most effective when paired with methotrexate

All of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia except: A. hunger B. pallor C. lack of coordination D. increased thirst E. sleepiness

D. increased thirst *this is a symptom of hyperglycemia

Which of the following HIV medications diasables a protein that HIV uses to insert its genetic material into CD4 cells? A. Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) B. Protease inhibitors (PIs) C. Entry or fusion inhibitors D. Integrase inhibitors

D. intergrase inhibitors

Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed in order to obtain long-term mood stabilizations in patients with bipolar disorder? A. lisinopril B. sertraline C. valproic acid D. lithium carbonate

D. lithium carbonate

Dental hygiene treatment modifications that might be necessary when caring for someone with SCD disease could include all of the following except: A. minimizing trauma during treatment B. supplemental oxygen C. short appointments D. local anesthesia with epinephrine E. antibiotic premedication

D. local anesthesia with epinephrine *low dose vasoconstrictors should be used

Which area of the gingiva is most affected by phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia? A. mandibular posterior B. maxillary posterior C. mandibular anterior D. maxillary anterior

D. maxillary anterior

Which of the following types of medications used to treat MS is a recent infusion medication that was approved for patients with relapsing MS? A. corticosteroids B. interferon beta (1a and 1b) C. glatiramer acetate D. natalizumab

D. natalizumab

Treatment of epilepsy includes all of the following except: A. surgery B. ketogenic diet C. vagus nerve stimulation D. pacemaker

D. pacemaker

A 13-year-old boy presents with a 9-month history of episodic unilateral swelling of the face and oral pain. He reports having loose stools. Physical examination reveals asymmetric swelling of the face and lips with perpendicular fissuring, and intraoral examination revealed gingival erythematous hyperplasia and soft-tissue tags in the mucobuccal fold. Which of the following is the most important? A. Record findings and schedule return check in two weeks to evaluate changes. B. Refer to oral surgeon for biopsy of granulomatous tissue C. Prescribe topical anesthetic for discomfort and refer for allergy testing D. Refer to pediatric gastroenterologist E. Nutritional counseling for angular cheilitis

D. refer to pediatric gastroenterologist

An incomplete spinal cord lesion leaves: A. no motor function below the level of the lesion B. some evidence of sensation or motor function above the level of the lesion C. no sensation below the level of the lesion D. some evidence of sensation or motor function below the level of the lesion

D. some evidence of sensation of motor function below level of lesion

Which of the following stages of renal disease is associated with a severe decrease in GFR of 15-29? A. stage 1 B. stage 2 C. stage 3 D. stage 4 E. stage 5

D. stage 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of a simple partial seizure? A. loss of bladder control B. pale bluish color of the skin C. loss of consciousness D. staring spell and dizziness

D. staring spell and dizziness

Frank, a 24-year-old, is a new patient in for a cleaning. He has indicated that he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder at 17 years old and is taking citalopram and lithium. He presents with heavy plaque biofilm, gingival lacerations, and multiple caries diagnosed by the dentist. Which of the following is the most likely cause of Frank's gingival lacerations? A. Not brushing at a 45-degree angle B. Snapping the floss into his gums C. Both A & B D. Too much pressure when brushing

D. too much pressure when brushing

All of the following should be done to treat a patient with COPD except: A. Use O2 B. use hand scalers C. tobacco cessation D. treat patient in supine position

D. treat patient in supine position *since a patient with COPD has a difficult time breathing, they will be very uncomfortable in the supine position, they should be treated in a semi-reclined position

What is the most common hereditary disorder of platelet functions? A. thrombocytopenia B. hemophilia A C. hemophilia B D. von willebrand's disease

D. von willebrands disease

which of the following is not a homecare recommendation for a patient with Crohn's? A. rinsing after inhaler (if patient has asthma) B. meticulous oral care C. OHI on flossing D. xylitol E. all of the above should be recommended

D. xylitol *xylitol may be contraindicated because it can cause stomach sensitivity

what's the difference between DLE and SLE?

DLE affects the skin and characterized by the butterfly rash while the SLE affects multiple organs and is more serious than DLE

Which of the following drug is an immunosuppressant used for MD? A. prednisone B. lisinopril C. aspirin D. penicillin E. cyclosporine

E. cyclosporine * azathiprine is another example

Which of the following stages of renal disease is associated with a GFR less than 15 and 75% of the nephrons have lost their function? A. stage 1 B. stage 2 C. stage 3 D. stage 4 E. stage 5

E. stage 5

Your patient is a 47 year old female with ongoing pain lasting more than 3 months after a traumatic event. Her symptoms are indicative of fibromyalgia and include widespread pains, migraines, jaw tenderness and sensitivity to noise. Her laboratory tests and x-rays were clear and she reports of depression, insomnia and anxiety. Which of the following medications might your patient be taking? A. Cymbalta B. Duloxetine C. Tramadol D. A and B only E. All of the above

E. all of the above

Your patient is a 61-year-old male who was diagnosed in 2006 with myasthenia gravis. He has received IGIV for limited maintenance, takes the prescription drug Mestinon, and has previously undergone treatment for myasthenic crisis, including plasmapheresis. He has been diagnosed with moderate periodontal disease and is scheduled for a perio maintenance cleaning. The Mestinon the patient is taking may cause which of the following side effects? A. Gastrointestinal problems B. Mood swings C. Headache D. Increased bronchial and oral secretions E. A & D F. All of the above

E. A & D

Which of the following medical considerations are associated with Down syndrome? A. Respiratory infections B. Poor immune defense C. Alzheimer's disease D. Obstructive airway E. All of the above

E. All of the above

SLE can affect all of the following organs except: A. skin B. joints C. kidneys D. brain E. SLE affects all of the above

E. SLE affects all of the above

25% of patients with fibromyalgia may also be diagnosed with: A. systemic lupus erythematous B. Sjogren syndrome C. rheumatoid arthritis D. both A and C E. all of the avove

E. all of the above

Patients with fibromyalgia experience irregular levels of : A. serotonin B. norepinephrine C. substance P D. dopamine E. all of the above

E. all of the above

When treating a patient with cystic fibrosis, what should you avoid using? A. ultrasonics B. air polisher C. rubber dam D. nitrous oxide E. all of the above

E. all of the above

Which of the following are common oral manifestations a down syndrome patient may present with? A. halitosis B. microdontia C. mouthbreathing D. missing teeth E. all of the above

E. all of the above

Your new patient presents to her dental appointment very excited to have her teeth cleaned. Her chief complaint is that her teeth are looking yellow and she thinks this is because she is having a difficult time with brushing. She reports she was recently diagnosed with scleroderma. During your extra oral exam you notice that she cannot open very wide while checking the TMJ, and she has several red patches on face and neck along with a dark line on her forehead What type of scleroderma does she have? A. Systemic Diffuse B. Systemic Limited C. Localized Morphea D. Localized Linear E. there is more than one answer

E. there is more than one answer *this patient has both morphea and linear localized scleroderma

Which of the following medications used to treat parkinson's disease is an anticholinergic effective for treating tremors? A. levodopa B. apomorphine C. selegiline D. amantadine E. trihexyophenidyl

E. trihexyphenidyl

enzyme-linked immunnosorbent assay, a rapid immunochemical test that involves an enzyme used to detect substances that have antigenic properties

ELISA

Rebecca suffers from epileptic episodes. In order to care for these episodes, Rebecca takes anticonvulsive medications. To also help calm herself she takes herbs. What medications and herbs is Rebecca most likely to use? A. Clonazepam B. Valerian C. Gabapentin D. Chamomile E. A and C F. All of the above

F. all of the above

Which of the following are causes and characteristics of of SCD? A. autosomal dominate trait disorder B. most common genetic disorder of the blood C. primarily in the caucasian population D. the signs and symptoms start at 6 months E. all above are true F. Both B and D G. A, B, and D

F. both B and D *SCD is a autosomal recessive trait and is found primarily in African Americans and white Mediterranean populations

A 65 year old male comes into your office. Upon going over his health history you discover he has been diagnosed with leukemia. He has been going through chemotherapy and is taking multiple medications.What are some oral manifestations you might see upon an intra-oral examination? A. Xerostomia B. Atrophic glossitis C. Mucositis D. Malocclusion E. All of the above F. Just A and C G. Just B and D

F. just A and C

Which of the following is not true for chronic renal failure? A. cardiovascular: hypertension, CHF B. GI: anorexia, vomiting, hepatitis C. dermatologic: pallor, bruising D. hematologic: prolonged bleeding, anemia E. immunologic: prone to infection F. metabolic: decrease in thirst, insulin resistence and blood urea nitrogen

F. person has increased thirst, nocturia, and polyuria. There is insulin resistance and increased blood urea nitrogen

forced expiratory volume in 1 second

FEV1

A genetic defect that results in severe intellectual disability

Fragile X syndrome

What does this image show?

Kaposi's sarcoma

What is the most common medication used to treat Type II diabetes?

Metformin

Paralysis of one limb

Monoplegia

Membrane bound structure which holds hereditary information and manages growth and reproduction

Nucleus

Impairment of the ability to control movement

Palsy

slow progressive neurodegenerative disorder of neurons that produce dopamine

Parkinson's disease

Repeated eating of non-food items such as dirt and wood

Pica

people at very high risk for HIV take HIV medicines daily to lower their chances of getting infected

PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis)

a condition in which the small blood vessels of the hands or feet contract in response to cold or anxiety

Raynaud's phenomenon

What symptom of scleroderma are calcium channel blockers used to treat?

Reynaud's syndrome

What is the largest class of drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes?

Sulfonylureas

type of blood cell that belong to a group of white blood cells called lymphocytes, which help the body fight infection

T-cells

what is transient ischemic attack (TIA)

TIA is a mini stroke when blood flow to part of the brain stops for a short time: blockage breaks up quickly and dissolves without tissue death

a cytokine associated with inflammation

TNF-alpha

what is seen in this image?

Telangiectasia

What is an example of a phosphodiesterase (PD) inhibitor to treat COPD?

Theophylline

[T:F] Alzheimer's disease is irreversible

True

Genetic disease that causes benign tumors to grow in the brain and on other vital organs

Tuberous sclerosis

a protein that builds up plaque/tangles in the brains of those who suffer from alzheimer's

amyloid

condition of motor restlessness in which there is a feeling of muscular quivering, an urge to move about constantly, and an inability to sit still, a common side effect of neuroleptic drugs

akathesia

neutralizes neutrophil elastase and is made in the liver

alpha 1-antitrypsin

Seven stages of worsening symptoms may be observed in this cognitive condition

alzheimers

a generalized seizure of sudden onset charcterized by a brief period of unconsciousness

abscence (petite-mal)

serious, chronic, condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in which interferes with your body's ability to fight pathogens

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

a premalignant condition involving sun exposed areas of skin resulting in a wart-like lesion forming a hyperkeroti surface

actinic keratosis

a sudden loss of kidney function caused by an illness, an injury, or a toxin that stresses the kidneys, but kidney function may recover

acute renal failure (ARF)

connection made surgically between parts of the intestine

anastomis

condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in the blood

anemia

syndrome that occurs at the front of the cord and damages the motor and sensory pathways in the spinal cord injury. You may retain some sensation, but struggle with movement.

anterior cord syndrome

What kind of medications would a person with DLE form of Lupus be taking

anti-malarials

the _________ antibody is an important cause of abnormalities in the CNS

antiphospholipid

what does ART stand for?

antiretroviral therapy

uninterested, lack of concern

apathy

a gene on chromosome 19 that is associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease

apolipoprotein E (APOE gene)

when the head is turned, same side extremities extend and stiffen, while the opposite side extremities flex

asymmetric tonic neck reflex

What increases the chance of gangrene in a diabetic patient?

atherosclerosis

disease that results when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues

autoimmune disease

life-threatening emergency condition in which the blood pressure increase sharply in T6 or above lesions of the spinal cord ususally stimulated by irritation to the bowel or bladder distension

autonomic dysreflexia

a condition that occurs with uncharacteristically high levels of nitrogen containing compounds in the blood

azotemia

flexible tube with camera on the end to examine the entire large bowel

colonoscopy

a drug that relaxes the contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchioles to improve ventilation to the lungs

bronchodilator

damage to one side of the spinal cord. The injury may be more pronounced on one side of the body

brown-sequard syndrome

What type of medications would stage II and III of COPD be taking?

combination of albuterol and tiotropium

horedin is a component of gluten found in ________

barley

What part of the brain is damaged in dyskinetic palsy?

basal ganglion

a tumor that is not cancerous

benign

What cells produce insulin?

beta cells

taking out a piece of tissue to see if there are cancer cells

biopsy

group of mood disorders characterized by extreme exaggeration and disturbance of mood, energy, and activity levels

bipolar disorder

any of a group of drugs that slow the breakdown of bone by osteoclasts

bisphosphonate

how does phenytoin and carbamezepine work?

block sodium channels

How do the anti-HIV drugs work

blocking ways for HIV to make copies of itself

[T:F] patients with cystic fibrosis may experience digital clubbing in the early stages of CF and excessive appetite but poor weight gain in the late stages of CF

both statements are false: digital clubbing is seen in the late stages while poor weight gain is seen in early stages

[T:F] If a patient has gestational diabetes, they will develop type II diabetes later in life. If the women is diagnosed with type II diabetes they will have to use insulin

both statements are false: gestational diabetes will not turn into type II diabetes, it will only increase their risk. Type I diabetics use insulin, not type II

[T:F] cleft palate in combination with cleft lip occurs more often in males. Cleft alone happens more in females.

both statements are true

[T:F] epilepsy describes a group of functional disorders of the brain. Seizures are symptom of epilepsy

both statements are true

[T:F] cerebral palsy is a progressive disease, meaning as a patient gets older if they do not go through treatment and take medications, their condition will continue to get worse. Most children are born with congenital cerebral palsy, which is a preventable type of CP.

both statements false: CP is non progressive and congenital is non preventable

[T:F] an hemorrhagic stroke is when a clot blocks blood flow to an area of the brain. A ischemic stroke is when bleeding occurs inside or around brain tissue

both statements false: should be reversed

[T:F] seizure disorders are idiopathic in more than half of the patients. Other causes are due to vascular disease, developmental disorders, intracranialneoplasms, and head trauma

both statements true

[T:F] the etiology of MS is unknown. MS may be influenced by genetics, environment, climate and geography

both statements true

[bradycardia/tachycardia] and [hypertension/hypotension] is more common in patients with spinal cord injury

bradycardia, hypotension

What is the most severe motor function symptom for Parkinson's Disease?

bradykinesia

slow movement

bradykinesia

what is the etiology of cerebral palsy?

brain damage by brain injury or abnormal development of the brain that occurs when the child's brain is still developing

hard but liable to break or shatter easily

brittle

decline in mental ability, caused by brain disease or injury that affects speech and daily activities

dementia

progressive loss of renal function that persists for 3 months or longer

chronic kidney disease (CKD)

pulmonary disorders characterized by chronic airflow limitation from lungs that is not fully reversible

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

alternate contraction and relaxation of muscle

clonic (convulsion phase of a seizure)

widening and rounding of the tips of your fingers and toes

clubbing

a collection of related diseases (more than 100) where the body's cells begin to divide uncontrollably and spread into surrounding tissues

cancer

propoxyphene and erythromycin should not be given to patients taking ________

carbamazapine

sudden death in emery-dreifus is usually due to ______ involvement

cardiac

dopamine is released in the ______ ______ and _____ (the nigrostriatal pathway)

caudate nucleus, putamen

This condition is caused by an autoimmune response to gliadin in the small intestine

celiac disease

inherited, chronic, autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten consumption that causes chronic inflammation of the small intestine

celiac disease

syndrome that occurs at the center of the cord, and damages nerves that carry signals from the brain to the spinal cord. Loss of fine motor skills, paralysis of the arms and partial impairment in the legs. Some survivors also suffer loss of bowel or bladder control, or lose the ability to sexually function

central cord syndrome

what part of the brain is damaged in ataxic palsy?

cerebellum

This condition has no cure and may require braces, crutches or canes to support the lower limbs

cerebral palsy

plastic surgery of the nose and lip

cheilorhinoplasty

treatment of illness by chemical means, that is, by medication or drugs

chemotherapy

At what age does emery-dreifus occur?

childhood to early teens

The etiology of dementia is unknown, but could be due to loss of ________ neurons as well as genetics

cholinergic

inflammation of lining of bronchial tubes which narrows airways

chronic bronchitis

a type of injury that means that there is no function below the level of the injury. No sensation and no voluntary movement. Both sides of the body are equally affected

complete injury

________ tics are coordinated pattern of movements that involves several muscle groups

complex

_________ partial seizures occurs when a person loses awareness for a time (daydream). They have repeated actions like walking in a circle, rubbing hands together, or staring into space

complex

What is used to treat patients with stage IV COPD and is experiencing exacerbations?

corticosteroids

crackling or popping sound

crepitus

Weight loss, bloody diarrhea, cramping, and fatigue are signs of this condition

crohn's disease

chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract

crohn's disease

bluish discoloration of the skin

cyanotic

_______ is the most common cause of epilepsy world-wide and is caused by a parasite and can be prevented through good hygiene and food preparation practices

cystericerosis

an inherited disease of the exocrine glands, characterized by the buildup of a thick, sticky mucous that can damage many of the body's organs

cystic fibrosis

a gene that encodes for a protein that is a chloride channel found in the membrane of airway cells; also involved in the regulation of water and other ions

cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR)

destruction of the myelin sheath, which surrounds the axons or nerve fibers in the CNS, that results in interruptions of communications between neurons and conduction of nerve impulses

demyelination

severe tooth pain inside the mouth caused by damaged nerve inside the tooth. Often felt in the jaw, teeth, or gums

dental neuralgia

group of metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels and the inability to to produce and/or use insulin

diabetes mellitus

medical procedure to artificially filter the blood

dialysis

record of number of white blood cells

differential cell count

What is the most important homecare consideration for a patient with celiac disease?

give them gluten-free products

What causes spinal cord injury?

damage to the vertebrae, ligaments or discs of the spinal column or to the spinal cord itself

parkinson's disease results in an [increase/decrease] of dopamine neurons

decrease

ulcer that usually occurs over a bony prominence as a result of prolonged, excessive pressure from body weight

decubitus ulcers (pressure sore or bed sore)

What is the etiology of cystic fibrosis?

everyone inherits 2 CFTR gene, if a faulty gene is inherited from each parent then you will CF. If a person inherits 1 faulty CFTR gene then they are considered carriers

What does FAST stand for?

face, arms, speech, time

[T:F] in Crohn's inflammation most commonly affects the large intestine

false: Crohn's disease usually affects the small intestines, ulcerative colitis usually affects the large intestines

[T:F] chlorhexidine should be prescribed to cancer patients during chemotherapy or radiation therapy

false: avoid CHX

[T:F] cancer occurs only after you are born

false: can occur either before or after birth

[T:F] prednisone (corticosteroid) is used to maintain remission in Crohn's disease

false: corticosteroids are only used short term for achieving remission in active Crohn's

[T:F] dementia is completely irreversible

false: dementia is potentially reversible

[T:F] most people will get Lyme disease from the mature form of the tick

false: from the nymphal which is the immature form of the tick about the size of a poppy seed

[T:F] bisphosphonates impair osteoblasts

false: impair osteoclasts and their ability to remove contaminated bone

[T:F] valproic acid works by blocking sodium channels

false: it augments GABA and NMDA receptors which inhibits brain excitability

[T:F] high fiber diets are indicated for a person with Crohn's

false: low fiber diets are typically safer

[T:F] infective endocarditis can occur in 2-9% of peritoneal dialysis patients

false: occurs with hemodialysis

[T:F] when doing nutrition counseling on a type 1 diabetic, you should recommend less frequent snacking to help reduce cavities

false: snacking is recommended for type I diabetics

[T:F] the etiology of parkinson's disease is commonly hereditary

false: the cause of Parkinson's is idiopathic and there is no genetic linkage

[T:F] in Crohn's disease inflammation is continous

false: this is true for ulcerative colitis, in Crohn's inflammation skips areas

[T:F] too little thyroid hormone can cause bone loss

false: too much, which can occur if patient has an overactive thyroid or is taking too much thyroid medication

cognitive and memory problems in fibromyalgia

fibro fog

Myofacial pain syndrome is associated with what condition?

fibromyalgia

clefts can occur when the palate does not fully fuse together during the ______ trimester of pregnancy

first

[T:F] biologics are used as a first line treatment for mild Crohn's disease. Examples of Biologics include infliximab (Remicade) and adalimumb (Humira)

first statement false: biologics should not be used for first line treatment, but can be used for moderate to severe cases. This is because there is potential risk for infections, cancers, and lymphomas second statement true

[T:F] clients over the age 60 who smoke are the fastest growing segment of oral cancer population. Human papilloma virus 16 (HPV 16) is responsible for the increased risk for oral cancer especially in the tonsillar area

first statement false: clients under 50 who do not smoke second statement true

[T:F] the lower on the spinal cord the injury occurs, the more dysfunction the person will experience. The more damage occurs when lesions are below T6

first statement false: the higher the more damage second statement false: lesion above T6 will experience more complications

[T:F] seizure disorders tend to be stable and do not worsen over time. Prognosis for seizure control is poor.

first statement is true second statement is false: prognosis is good

[T:F] spastic palsy is a complete or partial loss of the ability to control muscular movement. Muscles have decreased tone and tension and can affect all limbs or one with oral structure always involved

first statement true second statement false: increase, oral structures are sometimes involved

[T:F] distal MD can have an impact on swallowing, chewing, and speaking. Patients with distal MD are usually incapacitated in old age

first statement true second statement false: patients are rarely incapacitated

[T:F] the cause of RA is unknown. Doctors believe there may be a genetic component in which bacterial agents alter the immune system in a genetically predisposed person, leading to destruction of synovial tissues

first statement true second statement false: viral agents instead of bacterial

[T:F]Your patient with fibromyalgia might present with the following conditions: gingivitis, evidence of attrition/bruxism, mouth sores, and xerostomia. Homecare instructions will encourage the use of oral irrigators, a powered toothbrush, and chewing xylitol gum.

first statement true second statement false: chewing xylitol is not recommended, but mints are okay

abnormal channels between tissues

fistulas

period of time when symptoms reoccur or become more severe, and can be triggered by a number of things

flares

When would the rapid, short-acting insulin be used?

for meals

how much air a person can exhale during a forced breath

forced vital capacity (FVC)

cracking or breaking of a hard object or material

fracture

functional neuroimaging procedure using magnetic resonance imaging to measure flood flow

functional MRI

stomach flu

gastroenteritis

_________ seizures involve a wider area of the brain

generalized

What is the etiology of facioscapulohumeral (FSHD) muscular dystrophy?

genetic mutation resulting in a shorter segment of DNA on chromosome 4

What plays a significant role in developing MS?

genetics

What biologic agent medication is most effective when paired with Methotrexate for Rheumatoid Arthritis

humira

This incurable condition is caused by a virus?

humman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

high levels of blood glucose

hyperglycemia

increase in size

hyperplasia

How does peritoneal dialysis work?

hypertonic solution is instilled into peritoneal cavity through a permanent peritoneal cavity and over time, the solution and solutes (urea) are drawn out

low levels of blood glucose due to too much insulin

hypoglycemia (insulin shock)

state of elevated mood and increased motor drive persisting for at least 4 consecutive days

hypomania

cyclothmic disorder is characterized as multiple periods of _________ and depressive symptoms that lasts at least ____ years. The symptoms are not severe enough to be classified as hypomanic or depressive episodes

hypomanic, 2

reduced availability of oxygen to body tissues

hypoxia

When should dental treatment be postponed with Lyme disease?

if facial palsy complicates treatment

affecting the farthest segment of the small intestine

ileitis

when the of the small intestine is brought to the surface of the abdomen to make a stoma

ileostomy

The most common type of Crohn's disease affects the _____ and the colon

ileum

when an antibody binds to an antigen, a toxin, microorganism, or protein that is foreign to the body and helps fight disease

immune complex * in a patient with lupus, individuals form autoantibodies that attack the person's own tissue and organs

methotrexate and azathioprine are _________ that are used for [short/long] term therapy drugs in conjuction with [anti-inflammatories/biologics] to make sure effective with corticosteroids to enable smaller dose of steroid. There is a risk ______ damage while taking methotrexate so patient needs to be monitored

immunomodulators, long, biologics, liver

redness, swelling, pain, and/or feeling of heat in an area of the body and is protective reaction to injury

inflammation

hormone that binds to glucose in the blood and carries it to cells to be used for energy

insulin

This medication prevents the severity and relapse of disease symptoms for Multiple Sclerosis

interferon-beta

What type of medication prevents the severity and relapse of disease symptoms for Multiple Sclerosis

interferon-beta

What is the most common type of stroke?

ischemic stroke (80% occurences)

cancer of WBCs that affects the bone marrow and circulating blood

leukemia

increase in the number of white blood cells

leukocytosis

reduction in leukocytes in the blood

leukopenia

______ is the most common treatment for parkinsons disease and works by increasing _______ levels

levodopa (L-dopa), dopamine

inward curvature of the lumbar region, resulting in an S-shaped spine

lordosis

What diet should a person with renal disease be on?

low protein with low sodium and potassium intake

Your patient presents with the following oral conditions: Xerostomia Glossodynia Erythematous ulcerations Desquamative gingivitis What is the most likely condition this patient has?

lupus

chronic, autoimmune disease that predominately affects the skin along with other organ systems and the body's immune system turns on itself by producing antibodies that destroy healthy tissues causing severe damage

lupus

fainting, shortness of breath, heart palpitations or chest pain

lyme carditis

vector-borne illness that is commonly represented with Bell's Palsy, flu-like, fatigue and a red spreading rash

lyme disease

low number of lymphocytes in the blood

lymphocytopenia

What gender is leukemia more common in?

males

What gender is more common in cerebral palsy?

males

What gender is hemophilias more common in?

males *rarely do females get hemophilias A and B, but von willebrand's disease can occur in both males and females

a tumor that is cancerous

malignant

state of elevated mood and increased motor drive that impairs social or occupational functioning, and might involve psychotic symptoms, that persists for at least 1 week

mania

What gender is most likely diagnosed with muscular dystrophy?

men

what gender is COPD more common in?

men

What is the most prevalent age and gender for Parkinson's?

men, 60

ceasing of menstration

menopause

the spread of cancer cells to different parts of the body through the lymph system or blood stream

metastasis (metastasized)

What long term therapy medication would a patient take with Crohn's Disease?

methotrexate

What part of the brain is damaged in spastic palsy?

motor area of cerebral cortex

Your patient presents with the following oral conditions: -xerostomia -trigeminal neuralgia -paresthesia -bruxism -high caries risk What is the most likely condition this patient has?

multiple sclerosis

genetically linked, chronic autoimmune disorder in which demyelination of the CNS is characterized by progressive disabilities of the motor, sensory, cognitive, and emotional changes

multiple sclerosis

a genetic condition that interferes with protein formation necessary for muscle health

muscular dystrophy

What is the etiology of cancer?

mutation to the DNA within cells where a gene mutation can instruct a healthy cell to 1) rapidly grow 2) fail to stop the uncontrolled growth 3) make mistakes when repairing DNA errors

soft, white coating composed of lipids and protein, surrounding nerve fibers in the CNS. a complex natural electrical insulator, and serves to speed up the conduction of electrical signals down nerve fibers

myelin

_________ _______ is the most common cause of death in type II diabetics

myocardial infarction

isolated or repetitive shock-like contractions of a muscle or group of muscles

myoclonic

renal disease results from direct damage or deteriotation of the __________ which are the functional units of the kidneys

nephrons

nerve inflammation, usually with direct nerve damage

neuritis

decreased number of neutrophils

neutropenia

gastrointestinal disturbances due to gluten consumption

non-celiac gluten sensitivity

a doctor that treats those with cancer

oncologist

how is genetics linked to COPD?

only about 1 in 5 smokers will develop COPD because there is a genetic susceptibility to the production of inflammatory mediators in response to smoke exposure

surgical repositioning of all or parts of the maxilla and mandible

orthognathic surgery

orthopedic appliance or apparatus used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities or to improve the function of a movable part of the body

orthosis

cells that secretes the matrix for bone formation

osteoblast

large multinucleate bone cell that absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing

osteoclast

death of bone tissue

osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis of the bone or osteochondritis dissecans)

What is a large concern with bisphosphanate medications used to treat osteoporosis?

osteonecrosis of the jaw bone

bone density that is lower than normal peak density but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis

osteopenia

This condition is caused by hormones, age, and calcium deficiencies

osteoporosis

medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D

osteoporosis

the collection bag placed over the stoma that contain liquid undigested food

ostomy bag

oxygenated arterial blood

oxyhemoglobin

plastic reconstruction of the palate

palatoplasty

surgical excision or destruction of part of globus pallidus in the basal ganglion t prevent symptoms of parkinson's

pallidotomy

condition in which the pancreas becomes unflamed, which causes pain

pancreatitis

This condition is caused by a degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra

parkinson's disease

group of neurological disorders that affects movement

parkinsonism

_______ seizures involve a part of the brain

partial

How can you prevent cystic fibrosis?

perform CF carrier testing if CF runs in the family, you are white and your ancestors come from Northern Europe, if your African American or Asian American

amount of HIV virus in a blood sample

viral load

pernicious anemia is a deficiency in what vitamin?

vitamin B12

gliadin is a component of gluten found in ______

wheat

an immune or allergic reaction to any of the hundreds of proteins in wheat

wheat allergy

when should periodontal therapy occur with a patient with leukemia

when patient is in remission

What gender is MS more common in?

women

What gender is scleroderma more common in?

women *4 to 1 ratio

What gender is lupus more common in?

women, especially in childbearing age

For your patient that had a stroke, the patient experiences sensitive bleeding gums and needs anesthetic. Are you able to use anesthetic with vasoconstrictor to stop the bleeding?

yes, you could use minimum amount needed with a vasoconstrictor


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