DHN 101 - Chapter 1 Terms
Lipids
- Energy (fat) - Cellular development, physical growth and development - Regulation of body processes (certain chemical messengers) - Absorption of certain vitamins
Water
- Maintenance of fluid balance, regulation of body temperature, elimination of wastes, and transportation of substances - Participant in many chemical reactions
Proteins
- Production of structural and functional components - Cellular development, growth, and maintenance - Regulation of body processes (certain chemical messengers) - Immune function and fluid balance - Energy
Vitamins
- Regulation of body processes, including cell metabolism - Maintenance of immune function, production and maintenance of tissues, and protection against agents that can damage cellular components
Nutrient Dense
A food that contains more vitamins and minerals in relation to its unhealthy fat, added sugar, and/or alcohol contents.
Empty-calorie
A food that contributes a large portion of its energy from unhealthy solid fat, added sugar, and/or alcohol.
Carbohydrates
A form of energy.
Phytochemical
A non-nutrient made by plants.
Lifestyle
A person's usual way of living that includes dietary practices, physical activity habits, use of drugs such as tobacco and alcohol, and other typical patterns of behavior.
Risk Factor
A personal characteristic that increases your chances of developing a chronic disease
Dietary Supplement
A product that contains a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other plant product, an amino acid, or a dietary substance that supplements the diet by increasing total intake.
Deficiency Disease
A state of health characterized by certain abnormal physiological changes.
Malnutrition
A state of health that occurs when the body is improperly nourished.
Matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass or weight.
Energy Density
Describes the energy value of a food in relation to the food's weight.
Biotechnology
Involves the use of living things - plants, animals, microbes - to manufacture new products.
Genetic Modification
Methods that alter an animal or plant's hereditary material (genes or DNA).
Essential Nutrient
Must be supplied by food, because the body does not synthesize the nutrient or make enough to meet its needs.
Antioxidant
Protects cells and their components from being damaged or destroyed by exposure to certain harmful environmental and internal factors.
Minerals
Regulation of body processes, including fluid balance and metabolism; formation of certain chemical messengers; structural and functional components of various substances and tissues; physical growth, maintenance, and development.
Food Insecurity
Situation in which individuals or families are concerned about running out of food or not having enough money to buy more food.
Non-nutrients
Substances that are not nutrients, yet they may have healthful benefits.
Physiological Dose
The amount that is within the range of safe intakes an enables the body to function optimally.
Macronutrients
The body needs relatively high amount (grams) of carbs, fats, and proteins daily.
Micronutrients
The body needs very small amounts (milligrams or micrograms) of vitamins and minerals to function properly.
kilocalorie/Calorie
The heat energy needed to raise the temperature 1000 g (a liter) of water 1 C.
Nutrients
The life-sustaining substances in food.
Nutrition
The scientific study of nutrients, chemicals necessary for proper body functioning, and the body uses them.
Cell
The smallest living functional unit in an organism, such as a human being.
Chemistry
The study of the composition and characteristics of matter, and changes that can occur to it.
Metabolism
The total of all chemical processes that occur in living cells, including chemical reactions (changes) involved in generating energy, making proteins, and eliminating waste products.
calorie
The unit that describes the energy content of food - the heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 g (1 mL) of water 1 C.
Diet
Usual pattern of food choices.
