DHN 101 Final Exam: Ch. 13-15, and 20

Jennifer has lost weight by following a well-balanced calorie-reduced weight-loss diet plan that includes daily exercise for several months. Recently, her rate of weight loss slowed, and this week, she lost no weight, even though she has continued to follow the weight-loss plan. Based on this information, Jennifer has ________.

reached a "plateau," because she's in energy equilibrium

A weight-loss medication that acts as a lipase inhibitor:

reduces the amount of fat absorbed by the digestive tract

Each of the following factors contributes to accumulation of excess body fat EXCEPT:

stress reduction and mindful eating practices

A weight-loss medication that contains phentermine will:

suppress appetite

The ____ gland produces the primary hormone that controls metabolic rate

thyroid

A deficiency of _____ is common following bariatric surgery

vitamin B-12

Delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) typically occurs ______ following intense exercises

1 to 2 days

According to recommendations of the U.S. Department of Healthy and Human Service's Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, adults should perform at least ________ minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity per week to prevent weight gain.

150

Kume is a healthy 25-year-old woman. According to guidelines promoted by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Kume should engage in at lease ______ minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity each week.

150

Recommended sports drinks contain about ________ g of carbohydrate per 12-ounce serving

21

According to BMI classifications for adults, a person with obesity has a BMI greater than or equal to ____

30

For adult men, having a waist circumference that is greater than _______ inches is associated with an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and CVD.

40

In 2017-2018, approximately ______ of American adults over the age of 20 had obesity or severe obesity

50%

Which of the following statements is true? (BMI)

A person who has a BMI of 26.2 can have more muscle and bone tissue than another person who has the same BMI

_______ is a hormone produced by the adipose tissue that increases the use of fatty acids for energy in muscle cells. High blood levels of this hormone have been associated with a lower risk of obesity.

Adiponectin

Which of the following factors decreases a persons basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Aging

Jamal is having his body fat assessed by _______, a technique that requires a large device called the BOD POD

Air displacement

Which of the following alternative therapies has been found to be effective as complementary therapy in the treatment of eating disorders?

All of these answers are correct

Over the past two years, Betsy has gained excess weight and body fat that has left her feeling tired and sluggish. At a recent doctor's appointment, Betsy was diagnosed with hypertension and pre-diabetes. Which of the following would you recommend to Betsy to help reduce the excess body fat that has accumulated in her body over the past couple of years?

All of these choices are correct

Samantha would like to improve both her health and the environment in her journey to achieve a healthy body weight and body composition. Which of the following is an approach that is both good for the body as well as beneficial to the environment?

All of these choices are correct

Which of the following factors contributes to an obesogenic environment, an environment that promotes excessive weight gain?

All of these choices are correct

________ is a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. The hormone slows the digestive process by signaling the hypothalamus to reduce hunger and delay gastric emptying.

Amylin

Which of the following statements is true? (Metabolic rate)

As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline

You have a friend who you believe may have an eating disorder. Which of the following is NOT recommended when approaching a person to discuss a possible eating disorder?

Assembling a group of concerned friends and family members to meet with the person at a local coffee shop

Which of the following is a risk factor for eating disorders?

Being from a dysfunctional family

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for eating disorders?

Being male

Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that water and electrolytes conduct electricity?

Bioelectrical impedance

__________ is an alternative therapy option that has been shown to be beneficial in some people with eating disorders. This treatment uses heart rate monitoring and neurofeedback to encourage slow, meditative breathing, thus decreasing anxiety

Biofeedback

_________ is an eating disorder that features recurrent episodes of overeating followed by purging behaviors

Bulimia nervosa

All of the following are common ingredients in sports drinks except ________

Caffeine

Which of the following is NOT a health condition typically associated with a person having obesity?

Celiac disease

Females involved in which of the following activities are at the greatest risk for the female athlete triad?

Cheerleading

________ is a major treatment approach for those with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. This type of treatment involves addressing unhealthy emotions and behaviors and involves goal-oriented therapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Which of the following statements about normal weight obesity is false?

Condition associated with high muscularity and high BMI

Which of the following techniques estimates body composition by scanning the body with two low-energy x-rays?

DXA

Most people who suffer from anorexia nervosa ______

Deny they are too thin

________ refers to a condition in which people with type 1 diabetes manipulate their body weight by skipping insulin injections or using less insulin than prescribed

Diabulimia

Which of the following statements is true? (Disordered eating)

Disordered eating practices are usually temporary, and occur when the person is under stress

Which of the following behaviors is a typical sign of someone who has disordered eating but not an eating disorder?

Eating only cooked pasta with grated cheese for several meals

Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom of binge eating disorder?

Eating slowly during binge episodes

T/F: Adolescents who spend less time on social media each day are more likely to develop an eating disorder.

False

T/F: Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) is a form of phototherapy that may be beneficial in treating night eating syndrome

False

T/F: People with binge eating disorders are usually able to control their eating behavior and do not need professional help.

False

True or False: Hypothyroidism is associated with an increase in metabolic rate and weight loss

False

True or False: Linette was recently diagnosed with hypothyroidism, a condition in which low levels of thyroid hormone are produced. Hypothyroidism has likely contributed to Linette losing weight over the past two months as her basal metabolic rate (BMR) has been elevated.

False

Which of the following statements is true? (Fat)

Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger

Each of the following is a common sign or symptom of anorexia nervosa except:

Frequent diarrhea

Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of bulimia nervosa?

Frequent heartburn

Which of the following statements is false? (Genetics)

Genetic defects are the primary contributor to obesity.

Which of the following hormones stimulates hunger sensations?

Ghrelin

Which of the following statements about accelerometers is true?

Measures changes in speed or direction during physical activity

Which of the following measurement techniques is a convenient, practical, and inexpensive way to determine if a person has an unhealthy distribution of body fat?

Measuring the person's waist

Which of the following statements is true? (Energy intake from fat)

Most physically active people should consume 20 to 35% of their total energy intake from fat

Javier works out at the gym lifting weights two to three hours daily. Despite his intense workout routine, Javier feels his body is still too small and not muscular enough. Based on this information, Javier may have ________.

Muscle dysmorphia

_______ is an extreme obsession with eating healthy foods.

Orthorexia nervosa

Which of the following statements is true? (Night eating syndrome)

People with night eating syndrome believe they can only fall asleep by having a full stomach

Kume consumes 2100 kcal of foods and beverages daily and expends a total of 1800 kcal each day. Her body is in a state of ________.

Positive energy balance

Typical treatments for eating disorders includes:

Professional counseling

Conditions associated with the female athlete triad include _______

Reduced bone mineral density

True or false: Intestinal blockage and bleeding, blood clot formation, and wound infections are possible complications following bariatric surgery.

True

Obesity increases a person's risk for each of the following EXCEPT ______

Type 1 diabetes

Each of the following is a common sign or symptom of diabulimia except _______

Using more insulin than prescribed

_________ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs

Visceral

Micronutrient deficiencies are common following bariatric surgery. Each of the following micronutrient deficiencies is common following bariatric surgery except _____

Vitamin C

Darlene is a 5′ 2′′, 23-year-old woman who weighs almost 250 pounds. To lose weight, she's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. She would like to try a surgical weight-loss method that reduces the size of her stomach without the use of staples and is reversible. Her physician is likely to recommend ________.

laproscopic gastric banding

In the United States, ________ are more likely to be overweight or have obesity than other adults.

non-Hispanic Black Americans

The weather over the winter was colder than usual, with typical days in the subzero temperature range and snow and ice common. Because of this, Drea was often cold and shivering when walking between classes. Shivering is an example of _______.

nonexercise activity thermogenesis

Aya is a young adult with a BMI of 28.5, which is classified as _____

overweight

People who have bulimia nervosa typically avoid gaining weight after bingeing on food by ______

purging, including self-induced vomiting

All of the following are common physiological consequences of anorexia nervosa except _________

rapid heart rate

True or False: Compared to women with normal BMI's, women with obesity have a greater risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

True

True or False: Heart rate monitors can be used to estimate TEE during exercise because a linear relationship exists between heart rate and oxygen consumption.

True

True or False: On average, patients lose about half of their excess body weight after bariatric surgery

True

Which of the following behaviors is typical of someone who has disordered eating but not an eating disorder? (2)

Skipping breakfast when late for an exam

After bingeing on cakes and cookies, Bonnie practices self-induced vomiting to avoid gaining weight. Based on this information, you would expect to notice _________ as a sign of her purging behavior.

Sores on her knuckles

Adults living in the ________ region of the United States are most likely to have obesity.

Southeast

Which of the following factors contributes to an increase in a person's BMR?

Stress

_______ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises

Subcutaneous

People with anorexia nervosa have a high risk of dying from:

Suicide

Amenorrhea occurs when a female who has previously experiences normal menstrual cycles does not menstruate for ______

Three months or longer

Both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa may lead to electrolyte imbalances

True

T/F: A major underlying personal characteristic of both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is having distorted body image

True

T/F: During exercise lasting approximately 60 minutes, athletes should consume 3 to 7 ounces of fluid every 15 minutes

True

T/F: If athletes consume protein supplements in excess of their energy needs, their body will convert the extra amino acids into fat for storage in adipose tissue

True

T/F: In general, cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to be helpful for treating patients with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder

True

T/F: People with binge eating disorder often suffer from psychological illnesses such as depression.

True

T/F: People with night eating syndrome may consume 50% of their 24-hour caloric intake after the evening meal.

True

T/F: Sandra has binge eating disorder and does not use any compensatory mechanisms to purge calories; therefore, she is likely to develop type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension.

True

T/F: Treatment of eating disorders requires a multidisciplinary approach involving psychologists, registered dietitian nutritionists, and sometimes prescribing FDA-approved medications.

True

T/F: Unlike people with anorexia nervosa, people with binge eating disorder can be normal weight, overweight, or have obesity.

True

True of False: Direct calorimetry measure the body's heat of metabolism. For an accurate measure of basal metabolic rate, a person would need to be in a chamber for 24 hours.

True

True or False: A person who has obesity and COVID-19 is at greater risk for serious complications from the virus than a person with COVID-19 who is not obese.

True

True or False: According to the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity, when a person consumes a diet high in refined grains and simple sugars, blood insulin levels rise and that contributes to increased energy storage in adipose tissue.

True

True or False: Chronically elevated blood insulin levels and insulin resistance contribute to an increased risk of obesity

True

Kume is a 17-year-old world class endurance runner who suffers from the female athlete triad. Based on this information, she has _________

abnormal menstrual cycles

Most people who suffer from anorexia nervosa _______

are females

According to the DSM-5, the three main types of eating disorders are:

binge-eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa

During a dental examination, the dentist notices that the enamel on the back sides of Chino's teeth has eroded, and some of the teeth are decaying. Based on this information, the dentist suspects that Chino ________

frequently makes himself vomit after eating

Sarah has a body fat percentage of 28%. For women, this body fat percentage is considered as _________

healthy

The ______ controls hunger and satiety

hypothalmus