dhn exam 2

________ acid is an omega-3 fatty acid.

Eicosapentaenoic

Which of the following characteristics is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

Increasing age

Lydia is pregnant with her first child. Her recommended protein intake, based on the RDA, is increased during pregnancy. As such, Lydia needs to ensure she is including more protein in her daily diet.

True

Plants make glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

True

________ naturally contains small amounts of trans fats.

Whole milk

Carbohydrate absorption occurs almost exclusively in the stomach.

false

Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when the blood glucose level is too high.

false

If you were to mix oil and water, the two substances would not form a solution. Rather, the water would rise to the top of the oil and form small globules.

false

Lipids include phospholipids, sterols, and amino acids.

false

Katie is pregnant. She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level. Based on this information, Katie is more likely to

give birth to a baby that has birth defects.

Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes ________ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.

glucagon

Compared to most unsaturated fatty acids, a trans fatty acid ________.

has at least one double bond with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the hydrocarbon chain at the position of the double bond

Compared to a triglyceride molecule, an amino acid molecule ________.

has nitrogen in its chemical structure

Insulin

helps glucose enter cells.

In the stomach, ________ participate in the chemical digestion of protein.

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

Consuming a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids has been associated with all of the following except ________.

improved cognition in young adults

Starch

is composed of amylose and amylopectin.

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more ________ than normal.

ketone bodies

Lactose is the disaccharide in

milk

Juan has been suffering from a viral infection for over a week. As a result of the illness, he has a fever and has lost his appetite. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

negative

Every amino acid has ________ in its chemical structure.

nitrogen

For the typical American diet, approximately _______ of total daily kcal are provided from carbohydrates.

one-half

The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a ________.

peptide bond

Which of the following provides the most lactose?

Cow's milk, 1 cup

Individuals with diabetes are at a greater risk for COVID-19 and, if infected, are more likely to experience severe symptoms associated with the virus.

True

Clayton is a 19-year-old college student. He avoids milk, because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However, he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms. Based on this information, Clayton probably has

lactose intolerance.

Bees are important to the food supply as they help pollinate at least _______ of the plants used to produce food consumed across the globe.

one-third

According to the AMDR recommendations, alpha-linolenic acid should provide ________ of a person's total daily energy intake.

0.6-1.2%

As of 2018, ________ million Americans were living with diagnosed diabetes.

26.8

Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid?

Alpha-linolenic acid

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

Canola oil

Which of the following foods is NOT usually responsible for causing allergic responses?

Carrots and celery

Which of the following statements is true?

Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream.

According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Exercising daily

Lipids include phospholipids, sterols, and amino acids.

False

Which of the following statements is true?

Fat contributes to the flavor of foods.

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Flaxseeds

Strawberries are naturally a source of which monosaccharide?

Fructose

________ acid is an omega-6 fatty acid.

Linoleic

Which of the following is considered an essential amino acid?

Methionine

Which of the following statements is true?

Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine. Based on this information, Cameron has ________.

PKU

Which of the following statements describes pancreatic lipase?

Pancreatic lipase is secreted into the duodenum and is necessary for fat digestion.

Bill has reactive hypoglycemia. What steps can he take to reduce the likelihood that he has bouts of the disorder?

Reduce his intake of refined sugars

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?

Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water.

Which of the following is an example of a saturated fatty acid?

Stearic acid

Which of the following is NOT considered a major function of proteins in the human body?

Synthesis and storage of muscle glycogen

Which of the following statements is true?

The human digestive tract does not produce enzymes that digest dietary fiber.

Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen was accidentally exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts, and she rapidly developed ________ as a result.

anaphylaxis

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy adults should consume ________.

as little cholesterol as possible while following a healthy diet

The sweetener found in Equal is

aspartame

The liver uses cholesterol to make ________.

bile

The body uses proteins to make ________.

certain hormones

Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat?

cheese

Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol?

chicken

Jared has a high risk of cardiovascular disease, because he has ________.

chronic high blood pressure

A/an ________ amino acid is one that is normally nonessential, but becomes essential under certain conditions.

conditionally essential

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid ________.

consuming foods that contain gluten

Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

positive

Exclusively plant-based diets may not supply enough ________ to meet a child's needs.

protein

In the body, certain lipids ________.

provide energy

Hemoglobin is an example of a protein that exists in the ________ form.

quaternary

High-fiber diets are associated with all of the following except

reduced secretion of intrinsic factor.

Each of the following foods often contains small amounts of plant sterols and/or stanols EXCEPT _______.

salmon

Oatmeal is a particularly rich source of ________ fiber.

soluble

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

starch

Major functions of lipids include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals

Which of the following sweeteners provides 4 kcal/g?

sucrose

As a result of the Human Genome Project, scientists discovered that people's food choices can affect their genes' expression.

true

Fiber-rich diets contribute to weight loss by causing a person to feel full.

true

In many parts of the world, insects are consumed as a source of high-quality protein.

true

Plant sterols and stanols are structurally similar to cholesterol and, as a result, plant sterols and stanols can interfere with cholesterol absorption.

true

Refined carbohydrates do not satisfy hunger as well as proteins and fats, which may lead to an excessive consumption of calories.

true

Compared to a diet that provides fewer plant foods, a plant-based diet typically provides more _______.

vitamin C

Which of the following foods is a rich source of saturated fat and cholesterol?

whole milk

Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to ________.

dehydration

Pancreatic amylase

digests starch in the small intestine.