Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport

Active Transport (definition)

The movement of substances into/out of cell through the membrane, against the concentration gradient (from low to high). Requires ATP (i.e. proton pump, endocytosis)

Osmosis

The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane through diffusion. (semi-permeable means lets some things in and not others)

Polar

Will mix with water. Portion of membrane made up of phospholipid heads. Hydrophilic

Non-polar

Will not mix with water. Portion of membrane made up of phospholipids tails. Hydrophobic

concentration gradient

Difference in concentration of a substance from one place to another.

Selectively Permeable Membrane

A membrane that allows CERTAIN (only some) molecules to pass through it by diffusion. (Selective means to choose)

Equilibrium

A system in which things become equal; all particles (molecules or matter) become equal

Facilitated diffusion

Channel proteins help polar substances enter/leave the cell. Does NOT require energy, so passive form of transport.

plasma membrane ( aka cell membrane)

Controls the passage of materials in and out of the cell.

Passive Transport (definition)

Does NOT require energy....the movement of molecules (matter) from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Diffusion is a kind of passive transport.

Cell Membrane (definition)

Double layer of phospholipids. Holds everything in. Decides what can enter or leave the cell.

Endocytosis

Membrane folds around large substances so they can enter the cell. Requires ATP. Type of active transport

Exocytosis

Membrane folds around large substances so they can leave the cell. Requires ATP. Type of active transport

fluid mosaic model

Model that describes the arrangement and movement of molecules that make up a cell membrane (moves and made up of many things).

diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration along the concentration gradient

Protein Pump

Protein that can pump substances into/out of the cell against the concentration gradient(low to high). Requires ATP

transport proteins

Proteins that let molecules through the membrane and DO use energy

Membrane proteins

Proteins that sit in the membrane and do the work of the membrane, such as Recognition, Receptors, and Transporters

Selectively Permeable

Selective= pick and choose Permeable= things can pass through The cell membrane is said to be selectively permeable because it allows certain things to pass through and prevents other things from passing through.

hypertonic

Solution that has a higher concentration of solutes as another solution.

hypotonic

Solution that has a lower concentration of solutes as another solution.

isotonic

Solution that has an equal concentration of solutes as another solution.

solute

Substance dissolved in a solution

solvent

Substance in which something is dissolved - often WATER

Surface area

The amount of surface of the object that touches the outside world

phospholipid

has a head and two tails and makes the membrane bilayer of this organelle

channel proteins

proteins that let molecules through the membrane and do NOT use energy

hydrophobic

water fearing tails

hydrophilic

water loving heads