digestive system (extra questions)
parietal cells of the gastric glands in the stomach produce a) HCl (hydrochloric acid) b) pepsinogen c) gastrin d) chyme
a) HCl (hydrochloric acid)
normal bacterial flora in the large intestine are responsible for the production of vitamins B and a) K b) C c) D d) E
a) K
match each macromolecule below with the monomers to which it is broken down by chemical digestion PROTEINS a) amino acids b) monosaccharides c) monoglycerides and fatty acids d) nucleotides
a) amino acids
originates at the ileocecal valve; is retroeritoneal a) ascending colon b) transverse colon c) descending colon d) sigmoid colon
a) ascending colon
match the structure of the small intestine with its function: intestinal glands a) contain enteroendocrine cells b) slow passage of material c) secrete digestive hormones d) secrete alkaline mucus
a) contain enteroendocrine cells
receives bile and pancreatic juice a) duodenum b) jejunum c) ileum
a) duodenum
what does the enterodendocrine cell secrete? a) gastrin b) mucin c) hydrocholric acid and intrinsic factor d) acidic mucin e) pepsinogen
a) gastrin
secretin is released from the duodenum in response to a) hydrochloric acid in chyme b) sodium hydroxide in chyme c) the hormone gastrin d)partially digested protein e) partially digested carbohydrate
a) hydrochloric acid in chyme
the majority of triglyceride digestion occurs in the small intestine facilitated by the enzyme a) pancreatic lipase b) lingual lipase c) gastric lipase d) bile salts
a) pancreatic lipase
between the parietal and visceral peritoneum is the thin a) peritoneal cavity b) greater omentum c) falciform ligament d) lesser omentum
a) peritoneal cavity
begins with elevation of the soft palate a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase
a) pharyngeal phase
bolus passes from pharynx to esophagus a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase
a) pharyngeal phase
initiated by stimulation of tactile receptors in the oropharynx a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase
a) pharyngeal phase
the upper esophageal sphincter relaxes a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase
a) pharyngeal phase
which organs and accessory structures are considered part of the upper GI tract? Check all that apply a) pharynx b) duodenum c) stomach d) esophagus
a) pharynx b) duodenum c) stomach d) esophagus
connective tissue in the center of the tooth a) pulp b)dentin c) cementum d)enamel
a) pulp
which type of macromolecule is the target of each digestive enzyme or compound CARBOHYDRATES a) salivary amylase b) pancreatic amylase c) pepsin d) HCl e) trypsin f) chymotrypsin g) lingual lipase h) pancreatic lipase i) gastric lipase j) bile salts
a) salivary amylase b) pancreatic amylase
digestive reflexes that do not involve the central nervous system but instead are local and occur only within the enteric nervous system are called ______ reflexes. a) short b) long c) hormonal d) oral
a) short
the stomach is lined by a a) simple columnar epithelium b) simple squamous epithelium c) stratified columnar epithelium d) pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
a) simple columnar epithelium
all enzymes that digest protein are released as inactive enzymes and must be activated because the enzymes would destroy the proteins within the cells that produce them. a) true b) false
a) true
secretin is released from the small intestine primarily in response to the acidic chyme coming from the stomach and secretin causes the release of an alkaline solution containing bicarbonate from both the liver and pancreas. a) true b) false
a) true
the duodenum is considered part of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract a) true b) false
a) true
the esophagus contains both an upper and lower esophageal sphincter that regulates the movement of materials into and out of the esophagus a) true b) false
a) true
the esophagus contains numerous mucous glands that produce a thick, lubricating mucus that coats in the inner surface of the esophagus a) true b) false
a) true
the muscularis of the esophagus is different from other parts of the digestive tract because of superior part of the esophagus consists of skeletal muscle a) true b) false
a) true
the intestinal phase of digestion involves both the intestinal reflex and the release of two primary hormones: ________ and secretin a) gastrin b) cholecystokinin (CCK) c) somatostatin d) glucose-insulinotropic peptide (GIP)
b) cholecystokinin (CCK)
harder than bone; forms the mass of the tooth a) pulp b) dentin c) cementum d) enamel
b) dentin
bolus passes from esophagus to stomach a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase
b) esophageal phase
peristalsis moves food bolus onward a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase
b) esophageal phase
the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase
b) esophageal phase
carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach a) true b) false
b) false
completion of all carbohydrate digestion occurs only in the small intestine with enzymes secreted from the pancreas a) true b) false
b) false
mastication is the process of chemically reducing food bulk into smaller particles to facilitate swallowing a) true b) false
b) false
protein digestion begins in the small intestine a) true b) false
b) false
the esophagus extends from the nasopharynx to the stomach a) true b) false
b) false
the esophagus is about 25 meters long a) true b) false
b) false
the esophagus lies anterior to the trachea a) true b) false
b) false
the liver stores, concentrates, and releases bile into the duodenum a) true b) false
b) false
the muscularis of the GI tract contains two layers of smooth muscles: the outer circular layer and the inner longitudinal layer a) true b) false
b) false
G- cells of the gastric glands in the stomach produce a hormone called _____ that stimulates stomach secretions and motility a) somatostatin b) gastrin c) intrinsic factor d) pepsinogen
b) gastrin
performs the most chemical digestion and absoprtion a) duodenum b) jejunum c) ileum
b) jejunum
match each macromolecule below with the monomers to which it is broken down by chemical digestion CARBOHYDRATES a) amino acids b) monosaccharides c) monoglycerides and fatty acids d) nucleotides
b) monosaccharides
what does the surface mucous cell secrete? a) gastrin b) mucin c) hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor d) acidic mucin e) pepsinogen
b) mucin
which of the following regions of the large intestine is a muscular tube that expands to store accumulated material prior to defecation, and terminates at the anal canal? a) transverse colon b) rectum c) cecum d) ileum
b) rectum
match the structure of the small intestine with its function: circular folds a) contain enteroendocrine cells b) slow passage of material c) secrete digestive hormones d) secrete alkaline mucus
b) slow passage of material
secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are hormones that are secreted from what GI organ? a) stomach b) small intestine c) large intestine d) pancreas
b) small intestine
originates at the right colic flexure; is intraperitoneal a) ascending colon b) transverse colon c) descending colon d) sigmoid colon
b) transverse colon
what are the serous membranes of the GI tract called? Check all that apply. a) retroperitoneal b) visceral peritoneum c) parietal peritoneum d) peristalsis
b) visceral peritoneum c) parietal perioneum
an enzymes speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell, but can only be used once a) true b)false
b)false
the process of moving substances through the epithelial cells that line the GI tract into the blood or lymph is called a) secretion b) filtration c) absorption d) mixing
c) absorption
what is the function of bile? a) assist in the digestion of starches b) denature proteins to assist in their absorption c) break down fats to assist in their chemical digestion d) prevent the digested material from being too acidic
c) break down fats to assist in their chemical digestion
hard material; ensheaths the root of the tooth a) pulp b) dentin c) cementum d) enamel
c) cementum
originates at the left colic flexure; is retroperitoneal a) ascending colon b) transverse colon c) descending colon d) sigmoid colon
c) descending colon
what does the parietal cell secrete? a) gastrin b) mucin c) hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor d) acidic mucin e) pepsinogen
c) hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
controls entry of material into large intestine a) duodenum b) jejunum c) ileum
c) ileum
match each macromolecule below with the monomers to which it is broken down by chemical digestion FATS a) amino acids b) monosaccharides c) monoglycerides and fatty acids d) nucleotides
c) monoglycerides and fatty acids
which of the following enzymes is produced by the stomach? a) insulin b) secretin c) pepsin d) trypsin e) chymotrypsin
c) pepsin
which type of macromolecule is the target of each digestive enzyme or compound PROTEIN a) salivary amylase b) pancreatic amylase c) pepsin d) HCl e) trypsin f) chymotrypsin g) lingual lipase h) pancreatic lipase i) gastric lipase j) bile salts
c) pepsin d) HCl e) trypsin f) chymotrypsin
smooth muscle activity in the small intestine wall facilitates chemical digestion and absorption employing the processes of segmentation and a) vomiting b) retropulsion c) peristalsis d) flexion
c) peristalsis
match the structure of the small intestine with its function: enteroendocrine cells a) contain enteroendocrine cells b) slow passage of material c) secrete digestive hormones d) secrete alkaline mucus
c) secrete digestive hormones
most nutrient absorption occurs in the a) esophagus b)stomach c)small intestine d)large intestine
c) small intestine
which of the following binds to the active site of an enzyme? a)water b)product c)substrate d)any other enzymes e)none of these choices are correct
c) substrate
chewing forms a bolus a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase
c) voluntary phase
food bolus forced into the oropharynx a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase
c) voluntary phase
food bolus pushed by tongue against the hard palate a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase
c) voluntary phase
two sets of teeth develop and erupt; the first set are twenty teeth called deciduous (milk) teeth and the final set are ______ teeth called permanent teeth. a) 26 b) 28 c) 30 d) 32
d) 32
what does the mucous neck cell secrete? a) gastrin b) mucin c) hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor d) acidic mucin e) pepsinogen
d) acidic mucin
motility and secretion in the stomach is generated by the ______ reflex initiated by thought, smell,sight, or taste of food a) intestinal b) gastric c) hepatic d) cephalic
d) cephalic
hardest substance in the body; forms the crown a) pulp b) dentin c) cementum d) enamel
d) enamel
proteolytic enzymes are activated in the small intestine using the enzyme a) trypsinogen b) chymotrypsinogen c) procarboxypeptidase d) enteropeptidase
d) enteropeptidase
mass movements in the color are stimulated by a) food in the stomach b) chyme in the duodenum c) feces in the rectum d) food in the stomach and chyme in the duodenum e) food in the stomach, chyme in the duodenum, and feces in the rectum
d) food in the stomach and chyme in the duodenum
digested triglycerides are contained within the __________ prior to being transported across the simple epithelial lining of the small intestine into the epithelial cells a) chylomicron b) lacteal c) blood d) micelles
d) micelles
which of the following is the correct order for the major parts of the gastrointestinal tract? a)esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, mouth b)mouth, stomach, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine c)mouth, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, large intestine d) mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
d) mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
match each macromolecule below with the monomers to which it is broken down by chemical digestion NUCLEIC ACIDS a) amino acids b) monosaccharides c) monoglycerides and fatty acids d) nucleotides
d) nucleotides
match the structure of the small intestine with its function: submucosal glands a) contain enteroendocrine cells b) slow passage of material c) secrete digestive hormones d) secrete alkaline mucus
d) secrete alkaline mucus
terminates at the rectum; is introperitoneal a) ascending colon b) transverse colon c) descending colon d) sigmoid colon
d) sigmoid colon
which of these in an organ of the gastrointestinal tract as opposed to an accessory organ? a) liver b) pancreas c) salivary glands d) stomach
d) stomach
defecation is stimulated by a) the enteric plexus b) parasympathetic reflexes c) local reflexes d) the enteric plexus and parasympathetic reflexes e) parasympathetic reflexes and local reflexes
e) parasympathetic reflexes and local reflexes
what does the chief cell secrete? a) gastrin b) mucin c) hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor d) acidic mucin e) pepsinogen
e) pepsingoen
which type of macromolecule is the target of each digestive enzyme or compound LIPID a) salivary amylase b) pancreatic amylase c) pepsin d) HCl e) trypsin f) chymotrypsin g) lingual lipase h) pancreatic lipase i) gastric lipase j) bile salts
g) lingual lipase h) pancreatic lipase i) gastric lipase j) bile salts
the ____________ is responsible for delivering oxygen _______ blood to the hepatocytes and thus providing for the large metabolic demand for this tissue
hepatic artery, rich
the __________ collect bile produced in the hepatic lobules and deliver it to the hepatic ducts on their way to the __________ for storage
hepatic ductules, gallbladder
three main vessels make up the _______ including the _____________ vein, _____________ artery, and ________ ductules.
hepatic triad, hepatic portal, hepatic, bile
the hepatic portal vein delivers nutrient rich, oxygen ______ blood to the liver cells
poor