digestive system (extra questions)

parietal cells of the gastric glands in the stomach produce a) HCl (hydrochloric acid) b) pepsinogen c) gastrin d) chyme

a) HCl (hydrochloric acid)

normal bacterial flora in the large intestine are responsible for the production of vitamins B and a) K b) C c) D d) E

a) K

match each macromolecule below with the monomers to which it is broken down by chemical digestion PROTEINS a) amino acids b) monosaccharides c) monoglycerides and fatty acids d) nucleotides

a) amino acids

originates at the ileocecal valve; is retroeritoneal a) ascending colon b) transverse colon c) descending colon d) sigmoid colon

a) ascending colon

match the structure of the small intestine with its function: intestinal glands a) contain enteroendocrine cells b) slow passage of material c) secrete digestive hormones d) secrete alkaline mucus

a) contain enteroendocrine cells

receives bile and pancreatic juice a) duodenum b) jejunum c) ileum

a) duodenum

what does the enterodendocrine cell secrete? a) gastrin b) mucin c) hydrocholric acid and intrinsic factor d) acidic mucin e) pepsinogen

a) gastrin

secretin is released from the duodenum in response to a) hydrochloric acid in chyme b) sodium hydroxide in chyme c) the hormone gastrin d)partially digested protein e) partially digested carbohydrate

a) hydrochloric acid in chyme

the majority of triglyceride digestion occurs in the small intestine facilitated by the enzyme a) pancreatic lipase b) lingual lipase c) gastric lipase d) bile salts

a) pancreatic lipase

between the parietal and visceral peritoneum is the thin a) peritoneal cavity b) greater omentum c) falciform ligament d) lesser omentum

a) peritoneal cavity

begins with elevation of the soft palate a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase

a) pharyngeal phase

bolus passes from pharynx to esophagus a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase

a) pharyngeal phase

initiated by stimulation of tactile receptors in the oropharynx a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase

a) pharyngeal phase

the upper esophageal sphincter relaxes a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase

a) pharyngeal phase

which organs and accessory structures are considered part of the upper GI tract? Check all that apply a) pharynx b) duodenum c) stomach d) esophagus

a) pharynx b) duodenum c) stomach d) esophagus

connective tissue in the center of the tooth a) pulp b)dentin c) cementum d)enamel

a) pulp

which type of macromolecule is the target of each digestive enzyme or compound CARBOHYDRATES a) salivary amylase b) pancreatic amylase c) pepsin d) HCl e) trypsin f) chymotrypsin g) lingual lipase h) pancreatic lipase i) gastric lipase j) bile salts

a) salivary amylase b) pancreatic amylase

digestive reflexes that do not involve the central nervous system but instead are local and occur only within the enteric nervous system are called ______ reflexes. a) short b) long c) hormonal d) oral

a) short

the stomach is lined by a a) simple columnar epithelium b) simple squamous epithelium c) stratified columnar epithelium d) pseudostratified ciliated epithelium

a) simple columnar epithelium

all enzymes that digest protein are released as inactive enzymes and must be activated because the enzymes would destroy the proteins within the cells that produce them. a) true b) false

a) true

secretin is released from the small intestine primarily in response to the acidic chyme coming from the stomach and secretin causes the release of an alkaline solution containing bicarbonate from both the liver and pancreas. a) true b) false

a) true

the duodenum is considered part of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract a) true b) false

a) true

the esophagus contains both an upper and lower esophageal sphincter that regulates the movement of materials into and out of the esophagus a) true b) false

a) true

the esophagus contains numerous mucous glands that produce a thick, lubricating mucus that coats in the inner surface of the esophagus a) true b) false

a) true

the muscularis of the esophagus is different from other parts of the digestive tract because of superior part of the esophagus consists of skeletal muscle a) true b) false

a) true

the intestinal phase of digestion involves both the intestinal reflex and the release of two primary hormones: ________ and secretin a) gastrin b) cholecystokinin (CCK) c) somatostatin d) glucose-insulinotropic peptide (GIP)

b) cholecystokinin (CCK)

harder than bone; forms the mass of the tooth a) pulp b) dentin c) cementum d) enamel

b) dentin

bolus passes from esophagus to stomach a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase

b) esophageal phase

peristalsis moves food bolus onward a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase

b) esophageal phase

the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase

b) esophageal phase

carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach a) true b) false

b) false

completion of all carbohydrate digestion occurs only in the small intestine with enzymes secreted from the pancreas a) true b) false

b) false

mastication is the process of chemically reducing food bulk into smaller particles to facilitate swallowing a) true b) false

b) false

protein digestion begins in the small intestine a) true b) false

b) false

the esophagus extends from the nasopharynx to the stomach a) true b) false

b) false

the esophagus is about 25 meters long a) true b) false

b) false

the esophagus lies anterior to the trachea a) true b) false

b) false

the liver stores, concentrates, and releases bile into the duodenum a) true b) false

b) false

the muscularis of the GI tract contains two layers of smooth muscles: the outer circular layer and the inner longitudinal layer a) true b) false

b) false

G- cells of the gastric glands in the stomach produce a hormone called _____ that stimulates stomach secretions and motility a) somatostatin b) gastrin c) intrinsic factor d) pepsinogen

b) gastrin

performs the most chemical digestion and absoprtion a) duodenum b) jejunum c) ileum

b) jejunum

match each macromolecule below with the monomers to which it is broken down by chemical digestion CARBOHYDRATES a) amino acids b) monosaccharides c) monoglycerides and fatty acids d) nucleotides

b) monosaccharides

what does the surface mucous cell secrete? a) gastrin b) mucin c) hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor d) acidic mucin e) pepsinogen

b) mucin

which of the following regions of the large intestine is a muscular tube that expands to store accumulated material prior to defecation, and terminates at the anal canal? a) transverse colon b) rectum c) cecum d) ileum

b) rectum

match the structure of the small intestine with its function: circular folds a) contain enteroendocrine cells b) slow passage of material c) secrete digestive hormones d) secrete alkaline mucus

b) slow passage of material

secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are hormones that are secreted from what GI organ? a) stomach b) small intestine c) large intestine d) pancreas

b) small intestine

originates at the right colic flexure; is intraperitoneal a) ascending colon b) transverse colon c) descending colon d) sigmoid colon

b) transverse colon

what are the serous membranes of the GI tract called? Check all that apply. a) retroperitoneal b) visceral peritoneum c) parietal peritoneum d) peristalsis

b) visceral peritoneum c) parietal perioneum

an enzymes speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell, but can only be used once a) true b)false

b)false

the process of moving substances through the epithelial cells that line the GI tract into the blood or lymph is called a) secretion b) filtration c) absorption d) mixing

c) absorption

what is the function of bile? a) assist in the digestion of starches b) denature proteins to assist in their absorption c) break down fats to assist in their chemical digestion d) prevent the digested material from being too acidic

c) break down fats to assist in their chemical digestion

hard material; ensheaths the root of the tooth a) pulp b) dentin c) cementum d) enamel

c) cementum

originates at the left colic flexure; is retroperitoneal a) ascending colon b) transverse colon c) descending colon d) sigmoid colon

c) descending colon

what does the parietal cell secrete? a) gastrin b) mucin c) hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor d) acidic mucin e) pepsinogen

c) hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

controls entry of material into large intestine a) duodenum b) jejunum c) ileum

c) ileum

match each macromolecule below with the monomers to which it is broken down by chemical digestion FATS a) amino acids b) monosaccharides c) monoglycerides and fatty acids d) nucleotides

c) monoglycerides and fatty acids

which of the following enzymes is produced by the stomach? a) insulin b) secretin c) pepsin d) trypsin e) chymotrypsin

c) pepsin

which type of macromolecule is the target of each digestive enzyme or compound PROTEIN a) salivary amylase b) pancreatic amylase c) pepsin d) HCl e) trypsin f) chymotrypsin g) lingual lipase h) pancreatic lipase i) gastric lipase j) bile salts

c) pepsin d) HCl e) trypsin f) chymotrypsin

smooth muscle activity in the small intestine wall facilitates chemical digestion and absorption employing the processes of segmentation and a) vomiting b) retropulsion c) peristalsis d) flexion

c) peristalsis

match the structure of the small intestine with its function: enteroendocrine cells a) contain enteroendocrine cells b) slow passage of material c) secrete digestive hormones d) secrete alkaline mucus

c) secrete digestive hormones

most nutrient absorption occurs in the a) esophagus b)stomach c)small intestine d)large intestine

c) small intestine

which of the following binds to the active site of an enzyme? a)water b)product c)substrate d)any other enzymes e)none of these choices are correct

c) substrate

chewing forms a bolus a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase

c) voluntary phase

food bolus forced into the oropharynx a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase

c) voluntary phase

food bolus pushed by tongue against the hard palate a) pharyngeal phase b) esophageal phase c) voluntary phase

c) voluntary phase

two sets of teeth develop and erupt; the first set are twenty teeth called deciduous (milk) teeth and the final set are ______ teeth called permanent teeth. a) 26 b) 28 c) 30 d) 32

d) 32

what does the mucous neck cell secrete? a) gastrin b) mucin c) hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor d) acidic mucin e) pepsinogen

d) acidic mucin

motility and secretion in the stomach is generated by the ______ reflex initiated by thought, smell,sight, or taste of food a) intestinal b) gastric c) hepatic d) cephalic

d) cephalic

hardest substance in the body; forms the crown a) pulp b) dentin c) cementum d) enamel

d) enamel

proteolytic enzymes are activated in the small intestine using the enzyme a) trypsinogen b) chymotrypsinogen c) procarboxypeptidase d) enteropeptidase

d) enteropeptidase

mass movements in the color are stimulated by a) food in the stomach b) chyme in the duodenum c) feces in the rectum d) food in the stomach and chyme in the duodenum e) food in the stomach, chyme in the duodenum, and feces in the rectum

d) food in the stomach and chyme in the duodenum

digested triglycerides are contained within the __________ prior to being transported across the simple epithelial lining of the small intestine into the epithelial cells a) chylomicron b) lacteal c) blood d) micelles

d) micelles

which of the following is the correct order for the major parts of the gastrointestinal tract? a)esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, mouth b)mouth, stomach, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine c)mouth, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, large intestine d) mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

d) mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

match each macromolecule below with the monomers to which it is broken down by chemical digestion NUCLEIC ACIDS a) amino acids b) monosaccharides c) monoglycerides and fatty acids d) nucleotides

d) nucleotides

match the structure of the small intestine with its function: submucosal glands a) contain enteroendocrine cells b) slow passage of material c) secrete digestive hormones d) secrete alkaline mucus

d) secrete alkaline mucus

terminates at the rectum; is introperitoneal a) ascending colon b) transverse colon c) descending colon d) sigmoid colon

d) sigmoid colon

which of these in an organ of the gastrointestinal tract as opposed to an accessory organ? a) liver b) pancreas c) salivary glands d) stomach

d) stomach

defecation is stimulated by a) the enteric plexus b) parasympathetic reflexes c) local reflexes d) the enteric plexus and parasympathetic reflexes e) parasympathetic reflexes and local reflexes

e) parasympathetic reflexes and local reflexes

what does the chief cell secrete? a) gastrin b) mucin c) hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor d) acidic mucin e) pepsinogen

e) pepsingoen

which type of macromolecule is the target of each digestive enzyme or compound LIPID a) salivary amylase b) pancreatic amylase c) pepsin d) HCl e) trypsin f) chymotrypsin g) lingual lipase h) pancreatic lipase i) gastric lipase j) bile salts

g) lingual lipase h) pancreatic lipase i) gastric lipase j) bile salts

the ____________ is responsible for delivering oxygen _______ blood to the hepatocytes and thus providing for the large metabolic demand for this tissue

hepatic artery, rich

the __________ collect bile produced in the hepatic lobules and deliver it to the hepatic ducts on their way to the __________ for storage

hepatic ductules, gallbladder

three main vessels make up the _______ including the _____________ vein, _____________ artery, and ________ ductules.

hepatic triad, hepatic portal, hepatic, bile

the hepatic portal vein delivers nutrient rich, oxygen ______ blood to the liver cells

poor