Digestive System Part 4

KNOW THE FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVER ( theres 5)

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KNOW THE FUNCTIONS OF THE GALLBLADDER (there's 2)

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_______ means that the cells are in a grape-like formation and that they release their secretions into a microscopic ducts within each formation. _______ indicates that the acinar ducts have branches.

acinar, compund

Small _______ are scattered throughout the liver. These combine to form 2 large ______ that emerge from the underside of the liver called the right and left _______. These immediately combines to form one common ______.

bile ducts, ducts, hepatic ducts, hepatic duct

The main components of bile are:

bile salts (the most essential part in bile), bile pigment and cholesterol

When partially digested food exits the stomach, the gallbladder contracts and injects the concentrated ______ into the ______.

bile, duodenum

The endocrine cells of the islets of Langerhans are secreting cells, but their secretions pass directly into out ______, not into _____. Thus the pancreas is a _____, having exocrine and endocrine.

blood capillaries, ducts, dual gland

The pancreatic duct merges with the ______ at the hematopancreatic ampulla and empties into the _____ at the same point as the common bile duct as the major duodenal papilla.

common bile duct, duodenum

The ______ merges with the cystic duct of the gallbladder to form the _______.

common hepatic duct, common bile duct

The endrocrine cells, the islets of Langerhans, produce the hormones _____ and _____ which play an important role in the digestion of carbohydrates and our body's glucose regulation.

insulin, glucagon

The _____ lobe is the smaller of the 2, making up only 1/6 of it's size, while the much larger ____ lobe makes up the rest.

left, right

An accessory duct is commonly found extending from the head of the pancreas into the duodenum, opening at the _______, about 2 cm about the major.

minor duodenal papilla

jaundice results when and _______ occurs, preventing the flow of ____ from the duodenum.

obstruction, bile

The teeth and tongue are both found in the mouth, or _______, while the digestive glands (salivary glands, liver, and pancreas), along with the gallbladder lie outside the ______ and are connected to it by _____.

oral cavity, GI tract, ducts

Embedded between the exocrine units of the pancreas, like little islands, are clusters of endocrine cells, called __________, or the ______________. Although there are bout a million of these little islands, they only make up about _____ of the total mass of the pancreas.

pancreatic islets, islets of Langerhans, 2%

The exocrine cells of the pancreas secrete ________. These juices, like the bile produced by the gallbladder aid in the ______of food.

pancreatic juices, digestion

The gallbladder is a _____ shaped ____ that is about 7-10 cm long and 3 cm wide at its broadest point.

pear, sac

The liver obscures most of the _____ and as it lies almost entirely within the ____.

stomach, rib cage

The pancreas resembles a ______, with its head and neck situated in the c-shaped curve of the _______, its body extending horizontally behind the _____ and its tail almost touching the ______.

tadpole, duodenum, stomach, spleen

When the bile in absorbed into the bloodstream the yellow hue from the bile pigments are deposited into the bodies _______, causing the person to turn yellow,

tissues

Our body produces approx. 1200-1500 ml of pancreatic juices every day. It is made up of mainly ____ and contains ____ and ______.

water, enzymes, electrolytes

Bile is a _______ fluid that is made by the liver and is stored in the ______

yellow-green, gallbladdder

The pancreas is made up of 2 types of tissues:

endocrine, exocrine

The liver consists of ____ lobes that are separated by the __________.

2, falciform ligament

The liver weighs apprix. ______ in the avg adult.

3 lbs

The gallbladder can hold ______ of bile.

30-50 ml

_____ of bile salts are recycled in the ____ to become bile again.

80%, liver

________ - a medical condition characterized by a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucosa and whites in the eyes

Jaundice

Inflammation and the associated pain from gallstones may require surgical removal of the gallbladder, a procedure called _________. However, this is now usually done laproscopically in a procedure known as a ___________ or ________.

cholecystectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, lap chole

Inflammation of the gallbladder is known as ______, it is often caused by ______, a condition known as ________.

cholecystitis, gallstones, cholelithiais

The livers position in the body is immediately under the _____, extending more to the _____ of the bodies midline than the _____.

diaphragm, right, left

Bile aids in the ______ and ______ fats, as well as the elimination of broken down _______ cell components

digestion, absorption, red blood

Nonsurgical alternatives to gallbladder removal, are usually attempted first, are _____ that dissolve the stones or ______ that brake the stones up into small pieces that can be passed through the duodenal papilla.

drugs, ultrasound lithrotripsy

The common bile duct opens into the ______ in a small raised area called the _________. This papilla is located 2-4" below the _______ opening of the stomach.

duodenum, major duodenal papilla, pyloric

Most of the pancreas' tissue is _____, with a ______ arrangement.

exocrine, compound acinar

A _____, by definition, is a specialized organ that selectively removes materials from the _____, concentrates or alters them, and secretes them for further use in the _____ or for elimination from the body.

gland, blood, body

The pancreas is a ______ colored gland that is about 6-9" long, weighing about 60 grams.

grayish-pink

Blood is supplied to the liver via the _______, the ____________ and the _____ of the inferior vena cava.

hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, hepatic veins

Blood enters the liver via the ______ and ______. The arterial blood oxygenates the hepatic cells, while the blood from the ______ passes through the liver to be filters before exiting the liver through the _______ of the inferior vena cava.

hepatic artery, portal vein, portal vein, hepatic veins

The ____is the largest gland in the body.

liver

The gallbladder lies on the undersurface of the ______ and is attached by ________.

liver, connective areolar tissue

Compound acinar ducts unite to form larger ducts that eventually join the _______, which extends the full length of the pancreas gland.

main pancreatic duct

The _____ is arranged in folds, called _____, similar in shape and structure to those found in the stomach. These allow the gallbladder to expand as is receives _____ from the liver, that fills it, when the sphincters of the major duodenal papilla contract and close off the ______, preventing the bile from emptying into the duodenum.

mucosal lining, rugae, bile, common bile duct

When bile is denied its normal exit from the body through the feces, its begins to be ______ into the body via the ______

reabsorbed, bloodstream

The right lobe of the liver is made up of 3 parts:

right lobe proper, caudate lobe, quadrate lobe

The digestive glands produce _____, _____ and ______ (secretions that contribute to the breaking down of food stuffs)

saliva, bile, enzymes

The digestive system accessory organs and glands:

salivary glands, teeth, tongue, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

The walls of the gallbladder are made of 3 types of tissue:

serous, muscular, mucous layers