Digestive System Process

Pharynx

A passage way for the respiratory and digestive system. 5 inch tube immediately behind the mouth. It serves as a airway and passage way for food. It aids in closure of the nasopharynx and larynx when swallowing keeping food out of the respiratory tract and in the digestive tract.

Teeth continued

Cuspids the pointy teeth immediately behind the incisors. Also called the canines. These teeth are used for grasping or tearing food. 8 four on top four on bottom. Molars the flattened teeth use for grinding food. They are the furthest back in the mouth. and their number can vary per person.

Digestive Process 4 Stomach

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach prepares the gastric area for enzyme action. Pepsin breaks down protein into smaller proteins. In children, rennin breaks down milk proteins. Lipase acts on emulsified fats. It is a large chamber that receives liquids, solids and semisolid food from the esophagus.

Liver 5 Continued 3

In the Liver, proteins become amino acids, ammonia converted to urea then excreted to the kidneys or sweat glands. converts excess glucose into glycogen or fat.

Oral cavity

Includes the mouth soft and hard palates, teeth, gums, tongue and salivary glands.

Digestive Process 7 Pancreas

It is a soft oblong gland about six inches long and 1 inch thick beneath the great curvature of the stomach. It consist of five parts head, neck, body, tail, and uncinate process. It empties digestive fluid mixture of enzymes, into the duodenum, small intestines, and insulin into the bloodstream.

Small intestine continued

Jejunum is second, middle third of the small intestine. about 7 half feet long. Vigorous peristaltic move the fluid contents to the ileum. Ileum last, approximately 12 feet, largest section. Most of the absorption of food takes place in the ileum. The ileum connects to the large intestine.

Digestive Process 9 Large Intestine

Large intestine about five feet, receives digestive products from the small intestines, absorbs water and some other nutrients and collects food residue for excretion. Divided into the cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anus.

Mouth Lips

Lips are the entrance to the oral cavity and digestive tract. Mouth performs three main functions. digestion, breathing and speech.

Liver 5 continued 2

Liver is located in the upper abdomen on the right side under the diaphragm and above the duodenum. Has four lobes, right, left, quadrate and caudate. Can't survive without the liver.

Liver 5 continued 4

Liver produces bile salts; bile secreted into the duodenum, fat is emulsified and absorbed by the intestine. Liver regenerates, only organ. approx. 6 weeks after transplant.

Digestive Process 5 Liver

Liver produces bile which aids in the digestive process. Periodically empties into the duodenum through the cystic ducts. Second largest single organ, weighs about 4 pounds.

Digestive Tract

Long hollow organs have smooth muscle fibers running in circular and longitudinal directions. These circular fibers contract and enable the food to move from one organ to the next. This function is called peristalsis.

Digestive Process 8 Small Intestine

Small intestine coiled muscular tube that occupies the central and lower abdomen. Divided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Duodenum first, is connected to the stomach about 10 inches small ducts from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder open into the duodenum via the hepatopancreatic ampulla.

Digestive Process 6 Gallbladder

Stores bile and releases it into small intestine to emulsify fats. It is a sac like structure attached to the inferior surface of the liver and serves as a reservoir for bile. Bile is produced by the liver.

Digestive Process Begins

The digestive process begins when food enters the mouth. Teeth and tongue break the food into small particles by mastication or chewing. The Tongue main function is to mix saliva with food and to keep the food pressed between the teeth for chewing before it pushes the food backwards for swallowing.

Digestive Process 3 Esophagus

The esophagus is a long straight tube about 10 inches long that arises from the pharynx, passes through the diaphragm and continues into the stomach. the muscular walls of the esophagus move food into the stomach by peristalsis.

Digestive System

The major function of the digestive system is to digest or break down foods that are taken into the body. the digestive process mechanically and chemically breaks down food so it can be absorbed into the body to nourish cells and provide energy.

Pancreas continued

The pancreas produces the hormone insulin. It is essential for the use by the body tissue. Enzymes in the liver, Amylase breaks down starch, Lipase breaks down fats, pancreatic proteases break down proteins.

Digestive Process 2 Salivary Glands

The salivary gland secrete saliva and enzymes, chemical process, that aids in digestion. salivary amylase begins to change starch to maltose.

Stomach continued

The stomach has four parts, cardia, fundus, body, and antrum as known as the pylorus. It digest food received from the esophagus and passes the partially digested food know as chime into the duodenum upper part of the small intestine.

teeth

Three categories. Incisors teeth in the front of the mouth. they are shaped like chisels and are useful in biting off large pieces of food. 8 four on top and four on bottom.