Digestive System Quiz
This part of the small intestine is 8 feet long
jejunum
is 8 feet long, part of small intestine after duodenum, middle section, bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption takes place here (80% of nutrients absorbed here)
jejunum
Name a function of the liver
makes bile (used to break down fat during digestion), regulates the composition of circulating blood, removes aged or damaged red blood cells, debris and pathogens
Name a function of the large intestine
absorption of water and compaction of feces, absorption of important vitamins (B&K) liberated by bacterial action, storing of fecal matter prior to defecation
What are the parts of the colon (from bottom right side of the body to bottom left)
ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
This is another name for the esophageal sphincter, located between the esophagus and the stomach
cardiac sphincter
an expanded pouch that receives chyme from the small intestine
cecum
largest section of the large intestine, 3 times larger in diameter than the small intestine, is divided into 4 segments
colon
This part of the small intestine is 1 foot long
duodenum
is 1 foot long, section closest to stomach of small intestine, receives the chyme and secretions from the pancreas and liver
duodenum
section of small intestine closest to stomach, produces alkaline secretions to counteract the highly acidic chyme entering from the stomach
duodenum
What are the parts of the small intestine in order
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
This is located at the bottom of the esophagus and prevents the backflow of stomach materials into the esophagus
esophageal sphincter
the voluntary control sphincter in the rectum
external anal sphincter
pouches on the colon surface that permit distenion and elongation
haustra
a sphincter that controls the flow of material from the ileum into the cecum
ileocecal valve
This part of the small intestine is 12 feet long
ileum
is 12 feet long, final segment of small intestine that attaches to large intestine, contains the ileocecal valve
ileum
the involuntary control sphincter in the rectum
internal anal sphincter
Where does the appendix attach
(large intestine) cecum
Where is nutrient absorption the highest
(small intestine) jejunum
What is the difference between chyme and bolus
Chyme is food, saliva, and stomach juices. Bolus is food and saliva.
Sphincter between esophagus and stomach
Esophageal sphincter
Sphincter between ileum and cecum
Ileocecal sphincter
What is the difference between peristalsis and segmentation
Peristalsis occurs when waves of muscular contractions move along the length of the digestive tract. Peristalsis propels digested material. Segmentation churns and fragments the digested materials and helps mix in intestinal secretions. Segmentation does not cause movement in a particular direction
Sphincter between stomach and duodenum
Pyloric sphincter
What is the difference between rugae and villi
Rugae are expandable folds found in the stomach. Villi are found in the small intestine and increase the surface area for nutrient absorption
regulates the flow of chyme between the stomach and small intestine
pyloric sphincter
last 6 inches of the digestive tract, terminal portion of this is called the anus (which has keratinized epidermis like the skin), has 2 sphincters
rectum
Name a function of the pancreas
releases alkaline pancreatic juices into the duodenum that aide in the digestion of carbs proteins lipids and nucleic acids, regulates blood glucose levels, releases insulin, secretes hormone glucagon (stimulates the liver to release stored glucose when levels fall below normal)
This is 21 feet long and 1-1.6 inches wide
small intestine
absorbs 90% of nutrients, is 21 feet long and 1-1.6 inches wide
small intestine
Name a function of the gallbladder
stores and concentrates bile (bile made by the liver)
List the accessory organs
teeth, tongue, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, salivary glands
Name a function of the stomach
temporary storage of ingested matter, mechanical breakdown, use acids and enzymes to chemically break down food
finger-like projections that increase the area for nutrient absorption, line the lining of the small intestine, are covered with microvilli
villi
Know labelling of: stomach (including rugae), intestines (including mesentaries and appendix) [type the answer as "yes"]
yes