Digestive System Quiz

This part of the small intestine is 8 feet long

jejunum

is 8 feet long, part of small intestine after duodenum, middle section, bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption takes place here (80% of nutrients absorbed here)

jejunum

Name a function of the liver

makes bile (used to break down fat during digestion), regulates the composition of circulating blood, removes aged or damaged red blood cells, debris and pathogens

Name a function of the large intestine

absorption of water and compaction of feces, absorption of important vitamins (B&K) liberated by bacterial action, storing of fecal matter prior to defecation

What are the parts of the colon (from bottom right side of the body to bottom left)

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

This is another name for the esophageal sphincter, located between the esophagus and the stomach

cardiac sphincter

an expanded pouch that receives chyme from the small intestine

cecum

largest section of the large intestine, 3 times larger in diameter than the small intestine, is divided into 4 segments

colon

This part of the small intestine is 1 foot long

duodenum

is 1 foot long, section closest to stomach of small intestine, receives the chyme and secretions from the pancreas and liver

duodenum

section of small intestine closest to stomach, produces alkaline secretions to counteract the highly acidic chyme entering from the stomach

duodenum

What are the parts of the small intestine in order

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

This is located at the bottom of the esophagus and prevents the backflow of stomach materials into the esophagus

esophageal sphincter

the voluntary control sphincter in the rectum

external anal sphincter

pouches on the colon surface that permit distenion and elongation

haustra

a sphincter that controls the flow of material from the ileum into the cecum

ileocecal valve

This part of the small intestine is 12 feet long

ileum

is 12 feet long, final segment of small intestine that attaches to large intestine, contains the ileocecal valve

ileum

the involuntary control sphincter in the rectum

internal anal sphincter

Where does the appendix attach

(large intestine) cecum

Where is nutrient absorption the highest

(small intestine) jejunum

What is the difference between chyme and bolus

Chyme is food, saliva, and stomach juices. Bolus is food and saliva.

Sphincter between esophagus and stomach

Esophageal sphincter

Sphincter between ileum and cecum

Ileocecal sphincter

What is the difference between peristalsis and segmentation

Peristalsis occurs when waves of muscular contractions move along the length of the digestive tract. Peristalsis propels digested material. Segmentation churns and fragments the digested materials and helps mix in intestinal secretions. Segmentation does not cause movement in a particular direction

Sphincter between stomach and duodenum

Pyloric sphincter

What is the difference between rugae and villi

Rugae are expandable folds found in the stomach. Villi are found in the small intestine and increase the surface area for nutrient absorption

regulates the flow of chyme between the stomach and small intestine

pyloric sphincter

last 6 inches of the digestive tract, terminal portion of this is called the anus (which has keratinized epidermis like the skin), has 2 sphincters

rectum

Name a function of the pancreas

releases alkaline pancreatic juices into the duodenum that aide in the digestion of carbs proteins lipids and nucleic acids, regulates blood glucose levels, releases insulin, secretes hormone glucagon (stimulates the liver to release stored glucose when levels fall below normal)

This is 21 feet long and 1-1.6 inches wide

small intestine

absorbs 90% of nutrients, is 21 feet long and 1-1.6 inches wide

small intestine

Name a function of the gallbladder

stores and concentrates bile (bile made by the liver)

List the accessory organs

teeth, tongue, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, salivary glands

Name a function of the stomach

temporary storage of ingested matter, mechanical breakdown, use acids and enzymes to chemically break down food

finger-like projections that increase the area for nutrient absorption, line the lining of the small intestine, are covered with microvilli

villi

Know labelling of: stomach (including rugae), intestines (including mesentaries and appendix) [type the answer as "yes"]

yes