Digestive System Review

pancreas

1. produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, which are delivered to the small intestine via the pancreatic duct. 2. to secrete insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream to help regulate blood glucose levels.

GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)

A digestive disease in which stomach acid squirts into the esophagus and can lead to cancer.

gallbladder

A muscular sac attached to the liver that secretes bile and stores it until needed for digestion

appendix

What organ is circled on the picture?

stomach

a J-shaped, muscular sac that stores food and where most digestion occurs

saliva

a fluid containing water, protein, salts and often starch-splitting enzyme that is secreted into the mouth by salivary glands

liver

a large, lobed organ that produces bile and detoxifies

bile

a liquid produced by the liver that helps digest fat

small intestine

a long, coiled tube in which nutrients are absorbed from digested food

bolus

a mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed

tongue

a muscle that works with the food and saliva to form a "ball" and forms the base of the mouth

esophagus

a muscular tube which connects the throat to the stomach

large intestine

a short, wide tube in which water is absorbed from undigested food

feces

bodily waste discharged through digestive process

enzymes

chemicals that break down food

defecation

elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

lipase

enzyme that breaks down fat

villi

finger-like structures that cover the inner wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients from digested food

duodenum

first portion of the small intestine

epiglottis

flap of tissue that covers the windpipe during swallowing of food

salivary glands

glands that produce saliva

gastrin

hormone secreted by stomach cells that signal glands in stomach to release gastric juice

appendicitis

inflammation of the appendix

diverticulitis

inflammation of the sacs found on the large intestine

components of saliva

lysozyme (breaks down bacteria), mucus (lubricant and holds bolus together), amylase (breaks down starch), water

frenulum

membrane securing the tongue to the floor of the mouth

peptic ulcer

open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum

gall bladder

organ where bile is stored

rectum

part of the body at the end of the large intestine where solid wastes are stored until they leave the body; a straight muscle

digestion

process by which the body changes food so it can be used to supply energy

cheilitis

red, scaling, shallow, painful fissures at corners of mouth

peristalsis

squeezing motion that pushes food through the digestive system

hemorrhoids

swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

amylase

the enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch into sugar

ileum

the last and longest portion of the small intestine that empties into the large intestine

mouth

the opening through which food passes into the body, where digestions begins

chyme

the partly fluid and partly solid mass of incompletely digested food that passes from the stomach into the first part of the small intestine

mastication

the process of chewing

ingestion

the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating)

pharynx

throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx

dental caries

tooth decay formed from microorganisms maintained in the mouth

leukoplakia

white, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek