DMD Lesson 1-3

analogy

A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way.

dystrophin

A protein that anchors the thin filaments inside a muscle cell to the integral proteins of the sarcolemma (specialized cell membrane.

protein

An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells

calcium ions

Bind to enzymes that break down proteins in muscle.

DMD

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

creatine kinase

Enzyme found in muscles, acts as an energy reservoir

protease

Enzyme that breaks down proteins

words ending -ase

Enzymes which are proteins; ex. lactase-> breaks down lactose, RNA polymerase -> builds the polymer of RNA

DMD muscles

Muscles tear during work and muscles with DMD do not heal. Calcium ions move in and activate proteases. Creatine Kinase leaves the cell.

healthy muscles

Muscles tear during work but healthy muscles repair and heal, becoming stronger.

enzymes

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions, break down or build up molecules.

dystrophy

The wasting away of the organ or tissue due to disease and weakening of muscle.

atrophy

The wasting away or decrease of a body organ or tissue

actin

Thin filament in muscle cell that aids in muscle contraction.

myosin

Think filament in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and makes up the majority of muscle fiber

disorder

a disturbance in the normal function of a part of the body

sarcomere

a structural unit of a myofibril, consisting of a dark and light band,

Biological Levels of Organization

biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, groups of cells, molecules (not alive, but form living things)

fascicles

bundles of muscle fibers

hypertrophy

increase in muscle size

muscle fiber

muscle cell

Sarcolemma

muscle cell membrane

muscle tears

muscles tear when used and strained

myofibril

tightly packed filament bundles found within skeletal muscle fibers

muscles

tissues or fibers that cause movement of body parts and organs