DMD Lesson 1-3
analogy
A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way.
dystrophin
A protein that anchors the thin filaments inside a muscle cell to the integral proteins of the sarcolemma (specialized cell membrane.
protein
An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells
calcium ions
Bind to enzymes that break down proteins in muscle.
DMD
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
creatine kinase
Enzyme found in muscles, acts as an energy reservoir
protease
Enzyme that breaks down proteins
words ending -ase
Enzymes which are proteins; ex. lactase-> breaks down lactose, RNA polymerase -> builds the polymer of RNA
DMD muscles
Muscles tear during work and muscles with DMD do not heal. Calcium ions move in and activate proteases. Creatine Kinase leaves the cell.
healthy muscles
Muscles tear during work but healthy muscles repair and heal, becoming stronger.
enzymes
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions, break down or build up molecules.
dystrophy
The wasting away of the organ or tissue due to disease and weakening of muscle.
atrophy
The wasting away or decrease of a body organ or tissue
actin
Thin filament in muscle cell that aids in muscle contraction.
myosin
Think filament in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and makes up the majority of muscle fiber
disorder
a disturbance in the normal function of a part of the body
sarcomere
a structural unit of a myofibril, consisting of a dark and light band,
Biological Levels of Organization
biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, groups of cells, molecules (not alive, but form living things)
fascicles
bundles of muscle fibers
hypertrophy
increase in muscle size
muscle fiber
muscle cell
Sarcolemma
muscle cell membrane
muscle tears
muscles tear when used and strained
myofibril
tightly packed filament bundles found within skeletal muscle fibers
muscles
tissues or fibers that cause movement of body parts and organs
