DNA and Protein Synthesis Unit Test 80

How many genes make up the human genome?

20,000-25,000 genes

Which process is part of translation but not transcription? A DNA template is used to create an mRNA strand. A tRNA template is used to create a DNA strand. A tRNA template is used to create an mRNA strand. An mRNA template is used to create an amino acid chain.

A DNA template is used to create an mRNA strand.

A DNA strand has the sequence GTTCCAGAG. Which is the complementary strand of RNA? CAAGGTCTC AGGTTCACA CAAGGUCUC TGGAACTCA

CAAGGUCUC

Which diagram shows a homologous chromosome pair that has homozygous alleles?

D

Which best matches a type of genetic material with its description?

DNA is located in the nucleus.

Which best summarizes the process of protein synthesis?

DNA unzips, resulting in the formation of two protein molecules.

Who first identified DNA?

Friedrich Miescher

Which of the following correctly organizes these genetic terms in order from smallest to largest?

From smallest to largest, the order is nitrogenous base, nucleotide, codon, gene, DNA molecule, chromosome, nucleus, and cell.

Which of the following incorrectly matches the term with its location? DNA is found in a chromosome. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of a cell. Genes are located in a nucleotide. Nitrogen bases are located in the central rungs of a DNA ladder.

Genes are located in a nucleotide.

What was Friedrich Miescher's contribution to the discovery of the genetic code?

He extracted and observed DNA from white blood cells.

A forensic scientist is trying to find out the number of adenine bases in the DNA sample that he obtained from a crime scene.What can he assume about the number of adenine?

The number of adenine bases will be equal to the number of thymine bases.

How can the two chromosomes that make up a homologous pair differ?

They can contain different alleles for the same trait.

Pedigrees and karyotypes provide the means for individuals to identify their risks for genetic disorders. What can be observed on a karyotype but not a pedigree?

a visual image of a chromosomal defect

Karyotypes can be studied to determine an organism's chromosomal makeup and to detect genetic defects. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that is also called trisomy 21. What would trisomy 21 look like in a karyotype?

an extra chromosome 21

Karyotypes can be studied to determine an organism's chromosomal makeup and to detect genetic defects. Turner syndrome occurs when a female has an incomplete set of sex chromosomes. Symptoms to Turner syndrome include swollen hands and feet, short stature, and infertility. Which type of chromosomal mutation is responsible for causing Turner syndrome?

aneuploidy

While analyzing a karyotype, genetics identify a missing chromosome. Which term best describes this chromosomal abnormality?

aneuploidy

A protein called GEF-H1 is known to control immune responses to certain viruses such as influenza A. GEF-H1 is best classified as which kind of protein? a structural protein an antibody an enzyme a messenger protein

antibody

Consider the chromosome. Which best describes the function of the part labeled b?

codes for a specific trait

Rosalind Franklin is famous for which contribution to the study of DNA?

creation of an X-ray diffraction image of DNA structure

What was Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei's contribution to our current understanding of the genetic code?

discovery of codons

Which flow chart best shows the relationship between the cell structures that are listed?

gene-> DNA -> chromosome-> nucleus

Which are segments of DNA that code for specific traits?

genes

If a stop codon is like a red traffic light, which is most like a green traffic light during transcription?

mRNA

Which process is part of transcription? A. DNA is copied to create a second DNA strand. B. mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons assemble amino acids. C, DNA is unzipped with the aid of DNA polymerase. D. mRNA is synthesized from a strand of DNA.

mRNA is synthesized from a strand of DNA.

Consider the chromosome. Which is indicated by the letter a?

petit arm

Which of these is the primary site of protein synthesis?

ribosomes

Which statement describes the relationship between transcription and translation?

the RNA made during transcription is used to make proteins during translation

Which best describes a centromere?

the part of a chromosome that joins the sister chromatids

Which is a goal of the Human Genome Project?

to address the ethical consequences of genomic research

Which is a purpose for which a pedigree chart might be prepared?

to identify the pattern of inheritance of a particular trait

Lactase is a protein in the digestive tract that helps break down certain sugars found in milk. What is the main function of lactase?

to regulate cell reactions

The diagram shows one step in the process of protein synthesis. The process shown in the diagram is called

transcription contains DNA strand and RNA polyerase

All of the following would be visible on a karyotype except aneuploidy. polysomy. trisomy. histones.

trisomy

Which term describes the chromosomal abnormality of having three copies of a single chromosome?

trisomy