DRRR Quiz 1
disaster
- A sudden event, such as an accident or a natural catastrophe, that causes great damage or loss of life.
What to keep in a disaster kit
-1 gallon of water per day -food good for 3 days non perishables -emergency (flashlights, batteries, multi purpose knife, am radio, whistle, blankets) -important documents and money -first aid kit -personal hygiene kit
during a volcanic eruption
-AVOID LOW LYING PLACES -SEEK COVER -USE MASKS -CLOSE ALL DOORS AND WINDOWS -STAY INDOORS AND/EVACUATION CENTERS -KEEP A WATCHFUL EYE ON KIDS
Before a volcanic eruption
-BE AWARE OF THE DANGERS AND BE PREPARED TO FACE THEM -PREPARE ALL NECESSARY THINGS -PRIORITIZE SAFETY OF KIDS
Things to do after an earthquake for surroundings
-Clean up chemical spills, toxic flammable materials. -Check for fire and if any, have it controlled. -Check water and electrical lines for defects.
2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami
11 March. The magnitude 9.0-9.1 undersea megathrust earthquake had an epicenter in the Pacific Ocean, 72 km east of the Oshika Peninsula of the Tōhoku region, and lasted approximately six minutes, causing a tsunami.
local and distant tsunamis
2 types of tsunami
man-made hazards
A hazard originating from technological or industrial conditions, including accidents, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures, or specific human activities. Some examples of this disaster emergencies include chemical spills, hazardous material spills, explosions, chemical or biological attacks, nuclear blast, train accidents, plane crashes, or groundwater contamination.
Poorly planned and managed urban development
A new wave of urbanization is unfolding in hazard-exposed countries and with it, new opportunities for resilient investment emerge. People, poverty, and disaster riskare increasingly concentrated in cities.
hazard
A potentially dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.
hazard (9)
A strong typhoon hit an uninhabited area in the mountainous Sierra Madre region. What are you going to name the damaging event?
p wave
A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground. Is faster and can move through all matter
s wave
A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side, is slower and can only move through solids but is more destructive
The citizens must follow health guidelines and safety measures.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a serious acute respiratory syndrome. This was first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and then spread around the globe, triggering a continuing pandemic SITUATION. How can the Philippine win against disasters like COVID19?
Department of Science and Technology
DOST - primary science and technology body in the country charged with pursuing the state policy of supporting local efforts in science, technology and research and development
Things not to do after an earthquake unless in an emergency
Do not use your telephone to call relatives and friends. Disaster prevention authorities may need the lines for emergency communications. Do not use your car and drive around areas of damage. Rescue and relief operations need the road for mobility.
Things to do after an earthquake to reduce casualties
Don't enter partially damaged building, strong aftershocksmay cause these to collapse. Gather information and disaster prevention instruction from battery-operated radios. Obey public safety precautions.
lava flow
It rarely threatens human life because lava usually moves slowly-a few centimeters per hour
globalized economic development
It results in an increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale. Currently increasing the exposureof assets in hazard prone areas, globalized economic development provides anopportunity to build resilience if effectively managed. By participating in risk- sensitive development strategies such as investing in protective infrastructure,environmental management, and upgrading informal settlements, risk can be reduced. Dominance and increase of wealth in certain regions and cities are expected to have increased hazard exposure (Gencer, 2013).
"tsunami"
Japanese word meaning "harbor waves"
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake China
KILLED TENS OF THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE AND LEFT MILLIONS HOMELESS. ABOUT 20,000 DEATHS
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
NDRRMC - Presidents adviser on disaster preparedness programs, disaster operations, and rehabilitation efforts undertaken by the government and private sector
emotional aftershocks
Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic for young children. Confronted with scenes of destruction and the deaths of friends and loved ones, many children develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a serious psychological condition resulting from extreme trauma. Left untreated, children suffering from PTSD can be prone to lasting psychological damage and emotional distress.
natural hazards
Naturally -occurring physical phenomena caused either by rapid or slow onset events
Office of Civil Defense
OCD - serves as implementing arm of NDRRMC and for comprehensive national civil defense
-A strong earthquake -Rumbling sound of approaching waves -Extreme lowering of sea level rise and fall of coastal water
Observations for tsunami warning
Cherry Hills Subdivision in Antipolo City
On the night of Aug. 3, 1999, a massive landslide destroyed more than 378 homes buried and killed at least 59 people at [blankl]
Displaced population
One of the most immediate effects of natural disasters is population displacement. When countries are ravaged by earthquakes or other powerful forces of nature, many people need to abandon their homes and seek shelter in other regions. A large influx of refugees can disrupt accessibility of health care and education, as well as food supplies and clean water.
Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
PAGASA - Provides protection against natural calamities and utilize scientific knowledge as an effective instrument to insure the safety, well being and economic security of the country
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
PHIVOLCS - mitigate disasters that may arise from volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunami and other related geotectonic phenomena
food scarcity
The aftermath of natural disasters affects the food supplies. Thousands of people around the world are hungry because of destroyed crops and loss of agricultural supplies, whether it happens suddenly in a storm or gradually in a drought. As a result, food prices rise reducing families' purchasing power and increasing the risk of severe malnutrition or worse. The impacts of hunger following an earthquake, typhoon or hurricane canbe tremendous, causing lifelong damage to children's development.
vulnerability
The conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact to the hazard
ground rupture
The displacement of the ground due to the violent shaking of the surface.
severity of exposure, gender and family, age, economic status of country
risk factors underlying disaster
Ballistic projectiles
rocks that an erupting volcano may hurl into the air
volcanic gasses
sulfur compounds, chlorine and fluorine react with water to form poisonus acids damaging to the eyes, skin and respiratory systems of animals even in very small concentrations
Things to do after an earthquake inside
take the fastest and safest way out! Get out calmly in an orderly manner. Do not rush to the exit. Use the stairs. Do not use elevators. Check yourself and others for injuries
exposure
the elements at risk from a natural or man made hazard event
gender and family
the female gender suffers more adverse effects. This worsens when children are present at home. Marital relationships are placed under strain.
exposure, hazard, vulnerability
three important elements
1976 Moro Gulf Earthquake
took place on August 17 at 00:11 local time near the islands of Mindanao and Sulu, in the Philippines. Its magnitude was calculated as being as high as 8.0 on the moment magnitude scale.
distant tsunami
travels out to sea and can travel long distances with little loss of energy
-lahar -ash fall -pyroclastic flow -ballistic projectiles -volcanic gases -lava flow
volcano hazards
Weak governance
weak governance zones are investment environments in which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public services. Disaster risk is disproportionately concentrated in lower-income countries with weak governance
severity of exposure
which measures those who experience disaster first-hand which has the highest risk of developing future mental problems, followed by those in contact with the victims such as rescue workers and health care practitioners and the lowest risk are those most distant like those who have awareness of the disaster only through news.
Things to do during earthquake if on a mountain or steep hill slope
move away from escarpments When driving a vehicle, pull to the side of the road and stop Do not attempt to cross bridges or overpasses Should stay inside the vehicle
Things to do during earthquake outside
move to an open area Get away from power lines, posts, walls and other structures Stay away from buildings with glass panes.
man made disasters
on the other hand are caused by human beings. Some of the man-made disasters are bomb explosions, terrorism, wars, leakage of poisonous chemicals, pollutions, industrial accidents, and epidemics. They are identified asman- made disasters because they happen due to human actions and not bynatural forces.
Things to do before earthquake
-Determine potential hazards in your area -Use proper structural design and engineering practice -Evaluate structural soundness of buildings and important infrastructures -Strap heavy furniture to walls -Store breakable items, harmful chemicals and flammable materials in lower most shelves and secure firmly -Turn off gas tanks when not in use -Keep heavy materials in lower shelves -Check stability of hanging objects -Maintain an earthquake survival kit -Identify relatively strong parts of the building: ✓door jambs ✓ elevator shafts ✓sturdy tables -Learn to use fire extinguishers, first aid kits, alarms and emergency exits. → accessible/conveniently located and properly marked.
after a volcanic erruption
-GO BACK TO YOUR HOUSE BUT LEAVE KIDS -CLEAN EVERYTHING AND CHECK THE DAMAGES -USE MASKS WHILE CLEANING ASH AND OTHER DEBRIS -WAIT FOR ANNOUNCEMENTS -MAKE SURE THAT YOUR HOUSE IS STILL SAFE FOR ALL OF YOU
health risks
Aside from the obvious immediate danger that natural disasters present, the secondary effect can be just as damaging. Severe flooding can result in stagnant water that allows breeding of waterborne bacteria and malaria-carrying mosquitoes. Without emergency relief from international aid organizations and others, death tolls can rise even after the immediate danger has passed.
disaster (7)
COVID19 has caused millions of diseased people and thousands of deaths all over the world. How are you going to name the damaging event?
One must be wise and cooperative.
Which of the following characteristics will help a person to recover quickly after a disaster?
-isolation / transportation cut-off -damming of river channels -destruction of structural foundation
Effects of Landslides
Disaster Risk
Exposure to natural or man-made hazards
Tsunami
Giant waves, or series of waves caused by an EARTHQUAKE under the sea
Show positivity in dealing with it
Which should be the right attitude in dealing the effects of a disaster?
hazard (8)
How are you going to call a dangerous condition that carries human threat?
poverty and inequality
Impoverished people are more likely to live in hazard- exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures. The lack of access to insurance and social protection means that people in poverty are often forced to use their already limited assets to buffer disaster losses, which drives them into further poverty. Poverty is therefore both a causeand consequence of disaster risk (Wisner et al., 2004), particularly extensive risk, with drought being the hazard most closely associated with poverty (Shepard et al., 2013). The impact of disasters on the poor can, in addition to loss of life, injury and damage, cause a total loss of livelihoods, displacement, poor health, food insecurity, among other consequences
Get the right mindset and preparation
In a situation that you know you and your family are on a disaster risk area, how could you reduce the impact of a disaster that may come in your life?
Tsunami 2004 Sri Lanka
Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, tsunami that hit the coasts of several countries of South and Southeast Asia in December 2004. ... The tsunami killed at least 225,000 people across a dozen countries, with Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand sustaining massive damage.
Hydrometeorological Hazards
Process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature (including droughts, floods, hurricanes and storms)
Things to do during earthquake if along the shore
Run away from the shore toward higher ground!
Things to do during earthquake inside
STAY CALM. IF YOU ARE INSIDE A STRUCTURALLY SOUND BUILDING, STAY THERE Protect your body from falling debris by bracing yourself in a doorway or by getting under a sturdy desk or table. DO THE DUCK, COVER AND HOLD ON POSITION.
-increase of seismic activity -deformation of volcano -gases that come out of fumaroles -if plants nearby die suddenly, if the color of any lakes or ponds nearby changes -changes in thermal images of volcanic areas
Signs of an impending volcanic eruption
1. Displaced Populations 2. Health Risks 3. Food Scarcity 4. Emotional Aftershocks
The Human Effect of Natural and Man-Made Disasters
40,000 km
The length of the Pacific Ring of Fire
Liquefaction
The process by which an earthquake's violent movement suddenly turns loose soil into liquid mud
biological hazards
Those conveyed by biological vectors, including exposure to pathogenic micro-organisms, toxins and bioactive substances, which may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation.
1. Check for hazards at home. 2. Identify safe place indoors and outdoors 3. Educate yourself and family members 4. Have Disaster kits/supplies on hand. 5. Develop an emergency communication plan. 6. Help your community get ready. 7. Practice the Disaster Preparedness Cycle
Ways on how to plan ahead of a disaster
displaced population (3)
What do you call the effect of a disaster that causes a group of people forced to leave their homes?
food scarcity (5)
What effect of disaster refers to the shortage of sustenance among people?
psychological condition
What is PTSD
devastation
What is it that disasters bring to humans?
emotional aftershock (2)
What is the collective term used for the condition of people who develop stress reaction that negatively affect their physical and mental behavior after suffering from a disaster?
disaster (6)
What is the term used referring to damaging incident that happened unexpectedly in a certain society and caused harm to people and their properties?
emotional aftershocks (4)
Which among the following is NOT an effect of a disaster?
So that people would reduce the potential effects of disasters
Why should people need to plan and be ready for the possible consequences of a disaster?
Ash fall
a rain of airborne ash resulting from a volcanic eruption. Can have serious detrimental effects on agricultural crops and livestock depending mainly on ash thickness, the type and growing condition of a crop, the presence of soluble fluoride on the ash, the timing and intensity
-AMORONG -APO -ARAYAT -BALATUKAN -BALUT- CANCAJANAG CUERNOS DE NEGROS DAKUT KALATUNGAN LABO LAGUNA CALDERA LATUKAN MAHAGNAO MALINAO MALINDIG MANDALAGAN MARIVELES NATIB PANAY SAN CRISTOBAL SANTO TOMAS SILAY
active volcanoes in the philippines
age
adults in the age range of 40-60 are more stressed after disasters, but in general, children exhibit more stress after disasters than adults do
storm surge
an abnormal rise of water generated by a storm, over and above the predicted astronomical tides. ... wind waves
geological hazards
an extreme natural events in the crust of the earth that pose a threat to life and property, such as volcanoes, landslides, mudflows, avalanches and earthquakes
potential displacement
are Many people must abandon their homes and seek shelter in other regions which may cause large influx of refugees that disrupt accessibility of health care and education, as well as food supplies and clean water
risk factors
are processes or conditions often development related that influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and vulnerability or reducing capacity
local tsunami
can arrive quickly, giving little warning time.
climate change
can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways - by altering the frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns. For most people, the expression "climate change" means the alteration of the world's climate that we humans are causing such as burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and other practices that increase the carbon footprint and concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
environmental degradation
changes to the environment can influence the frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these hazards. For instance, deforestation of slopes often leads to an increase in landslide hazard and removal of mangroves can increase the damage caused by storm surges(UNISDR, 2009b). It is both a driver and consequence of disasters, reducing the capacity of the environment to meet social and ecological needs.
ground shaking
disruptive up-down and sideways movement or motion experienced during an earthquake.
economic status of country
evidence indicates that severe mental problems resulting from disasters are more prevalent in developing countries like the Philippines. Furthermore, it has been observed that natural disasters tend to have more adverse effects in developing countries than do man- caused disasters in developed countries.
climate change, environmental degradation, globalized economic development, poverty and inequality, poorly planned and managed urban, weak governance
factors which underlie disasters
earthquake induced landslidees
failure of slope materials. When an earthquake occurs, the transmission of seismic waves can cause shaking and vibration of ground surface. Often triggers the collapse of potential landslide areas. Causes isolation, transpo cutoff, damming of river channels, destruction of structural foundation
Pyroclastic flow
heavier than air gas particle emulsions that spread across the ground fast and be very hot
natural disasters
is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth; can destroy a whole community in an instant. Examples of natural disasters are volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, earthquakes, and typhoons which are destructive to people's lives.
Volcano
is a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been errupted from the earth's crust
Pacific Ring of Fire
is a string of underwater volcanoes and earthquake sites around the edges of the Pacific Ocean.
Lahar
is an Indonesian term that describes a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments flowing down the slopes of a volcano and river valleys
RP Disaster Risk Profile
is vulnerable to almost all types of natural hazards because of its geographical location
Things to do after an earthquake during evacuation
leave a message stating where you are going Take with you your earthquake survival kit