Drugs and Behavior Chap 11

The principal psychoactive agent in cannabis was isolated in _________.

1964

NIDA's 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health revealed that about __________ of Americans have used marijuana at least once.

40%

More than ___________ individual chemical compounds have been identified in the cannabis plant.

400

Approximately how much of the THC available in a marijuana cigarette is present in the smoke?

50%

The earliest known users of hashish were the __________ in the 10th Century.

Arabs

In the 1930s, marijuana was primarily used by the white middle class.

False

The center of marijuana use and distribution in 1920s America was __________.

New Orleans

Which of the following is a synthetic product that chemically resembles the cannabinoids and is used in current medical treatment?

Placidyl b. Tilidine d. Cesamet

According to the World Health Organization, the absolute number of marijuana users in Asia is the highest worldwide.

True

In 1972, the LeDain Commission reported that the short-term physiological effects of marijuana use on normal persons are benign and not clinically significant.

True

The short-term memory impairment associated with marijuana use can occur with fairly low doses.

True

A report issued by the __________ concluded that there was a scientific foundation for studying marijuana as a treatment vehicle.

United States National Academy of Sciences

__________ is a concentrated liquid marijuana extract derived from the cannabis plant using solvents.

a. AMP b. PCP d. Hash oil

The use of cannabis was introduced to Great Britain primarily by _________.

a. Theophile Gautier b. King Henry VIII d. William O'Shaughnessy

The most commonly reported physiological effect of marijuana is __________.

a. blood-shot eyes b. "the munchies" d. a decrease in REM sleep

Negative emotional effects of marijuana use are most often reported by _________.

a. inexperienced users b. almost everyone who uses marijuana

Followers of emperor Shen Nung at around 2800 B.C. used marijuana for __________.

a. its psychoactive effects b. to counter the influence of evil spirits c. its sedative properties d. all of these

Which of the following has been reported as a result of marijuana use?

a. more intense sexual pleasure b. disinterest in sex d. all of these

In New York City, during Prohibition, __________ opened to give marijuana users a place to smoke.

a. opium dens c. tea-pads d. none of these

Evidence that marijuana was used ________ in ancient times has been found in the examination of a 1600 year old body discovered by Israeli scientists.

a. to treat nausea b. recreationally d. to speed the birth process

The peak heart rate following smoking marijuana is reached _________.

about 20 minutes after smoking

Marijuana's effects on psychomotor activity and performance appear to be related to __________.

dosage

Cannabis has been viewed as a medical treatment for __________.

glaucoma

What is the main drawback to the medical use of cannabis and THC synthetics?

uncomfortable and disorienting mental effects

__________ is marijuana that is soaked in formaldehyde and dried before being smoked.

AMP

___________ is a chemical that binds to the same receptors on brain cells as do cannabinoids that researchers are using to study how the cannabinoid receptors affect various functions.

Anandamide

The earliest known use of marijuana for its pharmacological properties occurred in 2800 B.C. in __________.

China

Which two states approved referendums to regulate, tax, and control marijuana in 2012?

Colorado and Washington

Because it is produced in a laboratory, synthetic marijuana tends to produce fewer side effects than regular marijuana.

False

Major birth malformations may occur as a result of maternal marijuana use.

False

Marijuana has been shown not to cause irreversible lung damage.

False

Physical dependence to marijuana has been reliably and consistently demonstrated in laboratory studies.

False

Recent research suggests that focusing prevention efforts on marijuana use will not have an effect on the prevalence of use of harder drugs such as cocaine and heroin.

False

The amount of time that marijuana smoke is held in the lungs does not significantly affect absorption.

False

The term marijuana derives from the French word mariguango which translates as "high."

False

The book The Hasheesh Eater, published in 1857, was written by __________ and describes his cannabis-eating experiences over a four-year period.

Fitz Hugh Ludlow

__________, the head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics in 1932, led the fight for the criminalization of marijuana use and trafficking, which resulted in the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937.

Harry J. Anslinger

__________ is not a commonly reported consequence of marijuana use.

Increased sensitivity to pain

__________ is the leafy top portion of the cannabis sativa plant, while __________ is the resin produced by the plant to protect it from the sun.

Marijuana; hashish

Widespread marijuana use for its psychoactive properties in Europe began in the __________.

NOT 1930's

The Cannabis Buyers Club, which opened in 1992, was established in ___________.

San Francisco

The primary psychoactive agent in marijuana is __________.

THC

What legislation, passed in 1937, markedly decreased prescribed medicinal uses of marijuana?

The Marijuana Tax Act

__________, in the 1840s, described his experiences at the Hashish Club

Theophile Gautier

Marijuana is an accepted medical treatment for the nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapies.

True

Marijuana was one of the five sacred plants in the Atharva Veda, one of the oldest books of Hinduism.

True

Most committee reports have come to a similar conclusion, that is, marijuana use is not particularly harmful to the user or to society at large.

True

One disadvantage of using synthetic products that resemble the cannabinoids in medical treatment is that they lack the rapid effect experienced when marijuana is smoked.

True

Recent research suggests that marijuana use increases risk for psychotic behavior.

True

THC metabolites can be detected in the bloodstream at least 30 days following ingestion of a single dose.

True

The most common emotional effect of marijuana use is a carefree relaxed state.

True

Marijuana cigarettes contain ____________________.

a. more tar than tobacco cigarettes d. the same amount of tar as tobacco cigarettes

Marijuana affects which of the following neurotransmitters?

all of the above

Following cannabis ingestion, marked concentrations of THC can be found in the ________ even when blood levels of THC are zero.

all of these

Which of the following effects on the reproductive system has research shown to be associated with chronic marijuana use.

all of these

The finding that experienced users are more sensitive to cannabis effects than novice smokers is probably due to __________.

b. biological sensitivity c. dependence d. learning

A _________ is a cigar that is emptied of tobacco and refilled with marijuana.

blunt

Marijuana has shown promise in the treatment of ________, a disorder in which an individual wastes away, often due to HIV or cancer.

cachexia

Cannabis sativa is a ____________.

hemp plant

Which of the following has marijuana not been used to treat?

mania

Which of the following is true regarding the research evidence on the social environmental effects of marijuana?

marijuana use combined with preexisting personality characteristics may produce the amotivational syndrome

Research has clearly shown that marijuana use results in irreversible, long-term damage to the _________.

none of these

Almost all marijuana smokers eventually enter a stage of __________.

relaxation

Marijuana's effects on speech (that is, rapid or slurred speech, circumstantial talk, and loquaciousness) occur in __________.

the early stages of use