Drugs Psych Test 4

One reason binge drinking is so dangerous is because alcohol exhibits zero order kinetics instead of first order kinetics

True

Opium was a common ingredient in many patent medicines in the 19 th century.

True

People with schizophrenia may have reduced volumes in their frontal lobes

True

Physical, emotional, and sexual abuse as a child can raise the probability of developing depression later in life

True

Rum is distilled from molasses

True

THC is a phytocannabinoid and anandamide is an endocannabinoid

True

The FDA limits soft drinks to 71 mg of caffeine per 12 ounce drink

True

The synthetic cannabinoid Spice binds more fully to brain cannabinoid receptors than does THC and may produce more intense effects

True

Those who are age 21-25 have the highest rates of binge drinking

True

True or False, Asian and Black groups (identified socially) are the groups that use the least amount of use of illegal stimulants. (p 107, text)

True

True or False, Most marijuana laws only mention Cannabis sativa? (pg. 206, Text)

True

True or false, OxyContin is an opioid analgesic?

True

True or false, amphetamine doses are a common medicine for the treatment attention deficit-hyperactive syndrome among children? (p 109, text)

True

True or false, are there as many as three endogenous opioids?

True

True or false, dopaminergic cells of the brain play a significant role in the reinforcing effects of alcoholic beverages?

True

True or false, numerous studies of MDMA (ecstasy) in animal studies show that large doses of MDMA are neurotoxic to serotonin neurons?

True

True or false, women metabolize nicotine faster than men?

True

With chronic use, the liver becomes able to metabolize opioids faster.

True

Withdrawal from chronic intake of alcoholic beverages can be fatal?

True

Withdrawal from sedative/hypnotics can cause insomnia.

True

Recreational use of which of the following is not a schedule I drug?

Valium

Which is true about vaporizing marijuana?

Vaping marijuana does not get hot enough to burn the plant material

Which is true about the mechanism of action of sedative/hypnotics?

When benzodiazepines bind to the GABA receptor, they allow more chloride to enter the cell

pick the odd one A. 2AG B. heroin C. Endorphins D. anandamide

heroin

Which of these is one of the effects that tobacco has on the heart?

Raises blood pressure

Which of the following is not seen with opioid withdrawal? :A. Respiratory depression B. Goosebumps C. Pupil dilation D. Increased blood pressure

Respiratory depression

Which of the following is not an example of a Z drug A. Ambien B. Rozerem C. Lunesta D. Sonata

Rozarem

Which is false about treatments for schizophrenia?

Second generation antipsychotics are about 3 times more effective than first generation antipsychotics

Which of the following best describes "panic disorder"?

Severe attacks of anxiety for no apparent reason. The sufferer may feel as though they are having a heart attack.

Which of the following is false about tricyclic antidepressants?

Block reuptake of acetylcholine

Which is true about the mechanism of action of nicotine? A. Nicotine binds to muscarinic cholinergic receptors B. Nicotine affects the release of dopamine, glutamate, and GABA in the nucleus accumbens C. Nicotine reduces endorphin levels D. Nicotine works in both the CNS and PNS E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct

F

It takes about 6 months for tolerance to develop to tobacco use

False

Lithium is one of the safest drugs on the market; its therapeutic index is approximately 750

False

Most diagnoses of depression are based on a blood test that measures a genetic marker in the blood

False

Most nicotine is created synthetically in the lab and no longer comes from the tobacco plant

False

Prozac is extremely effective in treating PTSD in 75% of patients

False

The FDA does not have the authority to regulate the sale and manufacture of e-cigarettes

False

The Opium Wars were when England went to war against China to try to make China stop smuggling their opium into England.

False

The average American drinks much more alcohol today than in any time in our history

False

The respiratory centers of the brainstem begin to be significantly inhibited with a single alcoholic drink

False

Tolerance develops to benzodiazepines but not to barbiturates.

False

True or False, Cannabis leaves and flowers of tiny, sticky, hairs contain about 40 chemicals, which about 30 are unique to the Canabis plant. (pg. 207, Text)

False

Which of the following is not a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

Neglect of personal hygiene

We have data on drug-related deaths in the USA (drug overdoses). Those data are different now than a decade ago. Currently, the kind of drug causing the most death is ____.

Opioids

Which is the most common route of administration for sedative/hypnotics?

Oral

Opiod Receptors are to Heroin as Cannabinoid receptors are to _________.

THC

China, due to its large population and its propensity to drink beer, is the world's largest consumer of beer?

True

First generation antipsychotics block dopamine, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and histamine receptors

True

Generally, the more cannabidiol a strain of cannabis has, the less THC

True

One in eight women in the USA is apt to develop breast cancer?

True

Pick the odd one. A. methadone B. heroinC. naltrexoneD. morphine

Naltrexone

Which opioid is a long-lasting opioid antagonist?

Naltrexone

Which of the following is true about REM sleep?

Associated with a loss of skeletal muscle tone

What percent of Asians (those whose ancestors lived in Asian countries) have genes that code only for the inactive form of the enzyme causing aldehyde to accumulate.

10%

Nine months after psychotherapy against cigarette smoking, one can expect that about ___ % of those getting that therapy to be abstinent from nicotine 3 months after therapy ended.

20

Which of the following age group has the highest rate of current alcohol use? (B) (easy)

21-29

What percentage of the population of the United States uses tobacco?

24%

Which is true about antidepressant drugs?

4 different classes

Which is true about alcohol use among college students?

A. Male college athletes are likely to consume more alcohol compared to non-athletes AND C. Underage students are more likely to binge drink than students who are 21 or older

Which of the following is true about alcohol?

Acetaldehyde is toxic, and may cause vomiting

Which is false about caffeine?

Caffeine is found in about 5 different species of plants

Which of these is the name for the liver damage that occurs in chronic heavy drinkers?

Cirrhosis

Which is in order from least potent to most potent?

Codeine, Morphine, Heroin, Fentanyl

Dextromethorphan is a drug designed for _________ .

Cough

Pick the odd one A. Amphetamine B. Cocaine C. Methamphetamine D. Khat E. Fentanyl

E. Fentanyl

Although alcoholic beverages can cause such as fetal alcohol intake and damage to the liver, hardly anyone who drinks has cancer. And that is touted by the alcoholic beverage companies when they say drinking is healthy

False

American farmers of places like Kentucky during the early days of the colonies were the first to have developed the process of distillation allowing a high concentration of ethanol in alcoholic beverages?

False

Barbiturates are addictive but benzodiazepines are not.

False

Cannabis sativa has a higher cannabidiol to THC ratio

False

Carrie Nation is a modern, popular singer who drank herself to death?

False

Drinking red wine significantly reduced the incidence of breast cancer except when the dose was 2 bottles of wine a day

False

Drinking sufficient amounts of coffee will allow a drunk to sober-up faster?

False

Ethanol is water-soluble but not at all lipid-soluble

False

Individuals who suffer from mental illness are significantly less likely to smoke cigarettes

False

Ingesting opium gives a rapid, more intense and more addictive high than smoking opium.

False

True or false, Studies prove that vaping (using e-cigarettes) is the most effective way to quit smoking cigarettes?

False

True or false, does chronic use of opioid antagonists produce itch?

False

True or false, doses of opioid antagonists are used as therapeutic doses for treating diarrhea and suppression of cough.

False

When cigarette ads were banned in the U.S. broadcast media, the tobacco industry decreased the size of its marketing budget

False

Wines are usually about 12% ethanol, i.e., about 50 proof?

False

Women have more enzymatic "destruction" of ethanol in their stomachs than men?

False

Name the short acting opioid agonist that is a major component in the current opioid crises.

Fentanyl

Which one of the following neurotransmitters do benzodiazepines affect?

GABA

Which of the following is not one of the reasons that alcohol use was popular thousands of years ago?

It is an antibiotic and antiviral that helped cure people of diseases such as the plague

Which is true about Cannabis sativa compared to Cannabis indica?

Larger taller plants

Which of the following is false about opioids such as morphine or heroin?

Local anesthetics

Compared to morphine, methadone

Longer lasting

Chronic users of marijuana develop tolerance to all of the below except:

Memory effects

Which of the following is a type of opioid receptor?

Mu

Which of the following is the drug of choice to treat opioid-induced respiratory depression?

Naloxone

Morphine is to Methadone as Naloxone is to ___.

Naltrexone

Which is true about alcohol use in the 19 th century in the United States?

The early 19th century was a time of the heaviest drinking in the country's history

Which of the following is the current knowledge on whether MDMA is neurotoxic in human users?

The effects of using MDMA as a recreational drug are highly controversial.

Which is true about the causes of major depressive disorder?

The hippocampus of someone with long-term clinical depression is smaller compared to someone without depression

Which is false about opioid receptors

The two main classes of opioids receptors are endorphins and enkephalins

Which of the following is not a psychological trait associated with depression?

They believe that negative events will last a short time and are relatively insignificant

Which is correct about the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs?

Tricyclic antidepressants block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine and also block the effects of acetylcholine and histamine

5% of American adults, and 10% of Americans between the ages of 12 and 17, report using opioid drugs for non-medical purposes.

True

About 30% of the population of the USA does not drink alcoholic beverages (or perhaps, very, very rarely).

True

About half of all Americans will meet the criteria for a mental health disorder during their lifetime

True

Acetaldehyde is a product of the metabolism of ethanol?

True

Adenosine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter

True

Beer is made from fermented grains

True

Budweiser, the classic American beer company is now owned by a company headquartered in Europe?

True

In those with schizophrenia, dopamine is hyperactive in the mesolimbic pathway and underactive in the mesocortical pathway

True

Injecting opioids is more addictive than ingesting them.

True

Instead of being stored in vesicles, endocannabinoids are rapidly synthesized when needed

True

It is clearly more reasonable, from a social perspective, that children learn to drink alcoholic beverages at an age such as 13 to 15 years old; thereby allowing them to get knowledge about drinking and how much to drink, rather than drinking when first becomes legal to drink?

True

Korsakoff's syndrome is highly related to an insufficient amount of B vitamin in circulation.

True

Less alcohol dehydrogenase is produced in the morning than at night

True

Many benzodiazepines end with the suffice "-epam" or "-olam."

True

Once heroin reaches the brain, it is converted back into morphine.

True

Which is true about the demographics of depression?

Women are more likely to be diagnosed with major depression than men are

Using high doses of amphetamines for multiple days ___

can induce a depletion of neuronal stores of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin, hence leaving the drug-user with neural circuits involving these neurotransmitters less functional

Which of the following is not a characteristic seen in fetal alcohol syndrome?

dwarfism

Depression is a purely psychological condition with no physiological abnormalities

false

Electroconvulsive therapy is no longer used

false

Marijuana decreases heart rate

false

Which is true about adenosine?

lowers heart rate

Naltrexone is _________ addictive

not

There was a time in Finland when the taxes on alcoholic beverages were substantially reduced. One of the following was a consequence of that. Pick it.

rate of alcohol beverage intake increased significantly, particularly for women living alone.

A man arrives at the emergency room with needle tracts on his arm and respiratory depression that is dangerous. He is given a large dose of naloxone, but that seems to do little to lift the respiratory depression. Such actions __.

rule out overdoses of opioids as a reason for the respiratory depression

Fentanyl is highly lipid-soluble, and so it has a rapid onset and short duration of action.

true