Drugs Psych Test 4
One reason binge drinking is so dangerous is because alcohol exhibits zero order kinetics instead of first order kinetics
True
Opium was a common ingredient in many patent medicines in the 19 th century.
True
People with schizophrenia may have reduced volumes in their frontal lobes
True
Physical, emotional, and sexual abuse as a child can raise the probability of developing depression later in life
True
Rum is distilled from molasses
True
THC is a phytocannabinoid and anandamide is an endocannabinoid
True
The FDA limits soft drinks to 71 mg of caffeine per 12 ounce drink
True
The synthetic cannabinoid Spice binds more fully to brain cannabinoid receptors than does THC and may produce more intense effects
True
Those who are age 21-25 have the highest rates of binge drinking
True
True or False, Asian and Black groups (identified socially) are the groups that use the least amount of use of illegal stimulants. (p 107, text)
True
True or False, Most marijuana laws only mention Cannabis sativa? (pg. 206, Text)
True
True or false, OxyContin is an opioid analgesic?
True
True or false, amphetamine doses are a common medicine for the treatment attention deficit-hyperactive syndrome among children? (p 109, text)
True
True or false, are there as many as three endogenous opioids?
True
True or false, dopaminergic cells of the brain play a significant role in the reinforcing effects of alcoholic beverages?
True
True or false, numerous studies of MDMA (ecstasy) in animal studies show that large doses of MDMA are neurotoxic to serotonin neurons?
True
True or false, women metabolize nicotine faster than men?
True
With chronic use, the liver becomes able to metabolize opioids faster.
True
Withdrawal from chronic intake of alcoholic beverages can be fatal?
True
Withdrawal from sedative/hypnotics can cause insomnia.
True
Recreational use of which of the following is not a schedule I drug?
Valium
Which is true about vaporizing marijuana?
Vaping marijuana does not get hot enough to burn the plant material
Which is true about the mechanism of action of sedative/hypnotics?
When benzodiazepines bind to the GABA receptor, they allow more chloride to enter the cell
pick the odd one A. 2AG B. heroin C. Endorphins D. anandamide
heroin
Which of these is one of the effects that tobacco has on the heart?
Raises blood pressure
Which of the following is not seen with opioid withdrawal? :A. Respiratory depression B. Goosebumps C. Pupil dilation D. Increased blood pressure
Respiratory depression
Which of the following is not an example of a Z drug A. Ambien B. Rozerem C. Lunesta D. Sonata
Rozarem
Which is false about treatments for schizophrenia?
Second generation antipsychotics are about 3 times more effective than first generation antipsychotics
Which of the following best describes "panic disorder"?
Severe attacks of anxiety for no apparent reason. The sufferer may feel as though they are having a heart attack.
Which of the following is false about tricyclic antidepressants?
Block reuptake of acetylcholine
Which is true about the mechanism of action of nicotine? A. Nicotine binds to muscarinic cholinergic receptors B. Nicotine affects the release of dopamine, glutamate, and GABA in the nucleus accumbens C. Nicotine reduces endorphin levels D. Nicotine works in both the CNS and PNS E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct
F
It takes about 6 months for tolerance to develop to tobacco use
False
Lithium is one of the safest drugs on the market; its therapeutic index is approximately 750
False
Most diagnoses of depression are based on a blood test that measures a genetic marker in the blood
False
Most nicotine is created synthetically in the lab and no longer comes from the tobacco plant
False
Prozac is extremely effective in treating PTSD in 75% of patients
False
The FDA does not have the authority to regulate the sale and manufacture of e-cigarettes
False
The Opium Wars were when England went to war against China to try to make China stop smuggling their opium into England.
False
The average American drinks much more alcohol today than in any time in our history
False
The respiratory centers of the brainstem begin to be significantly inhibited with a single alcoholic drink
False
Tolerance develops to benzodiazepines but not to barbiturates.
False
True or False, Cannabis leaves and flowers of tiny, sticky, hairs contain about 40 chemicals, which about 30 are unique to the Canabis plant. (pg. 207, Text)
False
Which of the following is not a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
Neglect of personal hygiene
We have data on drug-related deaths in the USA (drug overdoses). Those data are different now than a decade ago. Currently, the kind of drug causing the most death is ____.
Opioids
Which is the most common route of administration for sedative/hypnotics?
Oral
Opiod Receptors are to Heroin as Cannabinoid receptors are to _________.
THC
China, due to its large population and its propensity to drink beer, is the world's largest consumer of beer?
True
First generation antipsychotics block dopamine, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and histamine receptors
True
Generally, the more cannabidiol a strain of cannabis has, the less THC
True
One in eight women in the USA is apt to develop breast cancer?
True
Pick the odd one. A. methadone B. heroinC. naltrexoneD. morphine
Naltrexone
Which opioid is a long-lasting opioid antagonist?
Naltrexone
Which of the following is true about REM sleep?
Associated with a loss of skeletal muscle tone
What percent of Asians (those whose ancestors lived in Asian countries) have genes that code only for the inactive form of the enzyme causing aldehyde to accumulate.
10%
Nine months after psychotherapy against cigarette smoking, one can expect that about ___ % of those getting that therapy to be abstinent from nicotine 3 months after therapy ended.
20
Which of the following age group has the highest rate of current alcohol use? (B) (easy)
21-29
What percentage of the population of the United States uses tobacco?
24%
Which is true about antidepressant drugs?
4 different classes
Which is true about alcohol use among college students?
A. Male college athletes are likely to consume more alcohol compared to non-athletes AND C. Underage students are more likely to binge drink than students who are 21 or older
Which of the following is true about alcohol?
Acetaldehyde is toxic, and may cause vomiting
Which is false about caffeine?
Caffeine is found in about 5 different species of plants
Which of these is the name for the liver damage that occurs in chronic heavy drinkers?
Cirrhosis
Which is in order from least potent to most potent?
Codeine, Morphine, Heroin, Fentanyl
Dextromethorphan is a drug designed for _________ .
Cough
Pick the odd one A. Amphetamine B. Cocaine C. Methamphetamine D. Khat E. Fentanyl
E. Fentanyl
Although alcoholic beverages can cause such as fetal alcohol intake and damage to the liver, hardly anyone who drinks has cancer. And that is touted by the alcoholic beverage companies when they say drinking is healthy
False
American farmers of places like Kentucky during the early days of the colonies were the first to have developed the process of distillation allowing a high concentration of ethanol in alcoholic beverages?
False
Barbiturates are addictive but benzodiazepines are not.
False
Cannabis sativa has a higher cannabidiol to THC ratio
False
Carrie Nation is a modern, popular singer who drank herself to death?
False
Drinking red wine significantly reduced the incidence of breast cancer except when the dose was 2 bottles of wine a day
False
Drinking sufficient amounts of coffee will allow a drunk to sober-up faster?
False
Ethanol is water-soluble but not at all lipid-soluble
False
Individuals who suffer from mental illness are significantly less likely to smoke cigarettes
False
Ingesting opium gives a rapid, more intense and more addictive high than smoking opium.
False
True or false, Studies prove that vaping (using e-cigarettes) is the most effective way to quit smoking cigarettes?
False
True or false, does chronic use of opioid antagonists produce itch?
False
True or false, doses of opioid antagonists are used as therapeutic doses for treating diarrhea and suppression of cough.
False
When cigarette ads were banned in the U.S. broadcast media, the tobacco industry decreased the size of its marketing budget
False
Wines are usually about 12% ethanol, i.e., about 50 proof?
False
Women have more enzymatic "destruction" of ethanol in their stomachs than men?
False
Name the short acting opioid agonist that is a major component in the current opioid crises.
Fentanyl
Which one of the following neurotransmitters do benzodiazepines affect?
GABA
Which of the following is not one of the reasons that alcohol use was popular thousands of years ago?
It is an antibiotic and antiviral that helped cure people of diseases such as the plague
Which is true about Cannabis sativa compared to Cannabis indica?
Larger taller plants
Which of the following is false about opioids such as morphine or heroin?
Local anesthetics
Compared to morphine, methadone
Longer lasting
Chronic users of marijuana develop tolerance to all of the below except:
Memory effects
Which of the following is a type of opioid receptor?
Mu
Which of the following is the drug of choice to treat opioid-induced respiratory depression?
Naloxone
Morphine is to Methadone as Naloxone is to ___.
Naltrexone
Which is true about alcohol use in the 19 th century in the United States?
The early 19th century was a time of the heaviest drinking in the country's history
Which of the following is the current knowledge on whether MDMA is neurotoxic in human users?
The effects of using MDMA as a recreational drug are highly controversial.
Which is true about the causes of major depressive disorder?
The hippocampus of someone with long-term clinical depression is smaller compared to someone without depression
Which is false about opioid receptors
The two main classes of opioids receptors are endorphins and enkephalins
Which of the following is not a psychological trait associated with depression?
They believe that negative events will last a short time and are relatively insignificant
Which is correct about the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs?
Tricyclic antidepressants block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine and also block the effects of acetylcholine and histamine
5% of American adults, and 10% of Americans between the ages of 12 and 17, report using opioid drugs for non-medical purposes.
True
About 30% of the population of the USA does not drink alcoholic beverages (or perhaps, very, very rarely).
True
About half of all Americans will meet the criteria for a mental health disorder during their lifetime
True
Acetaldehyde is a product of the metabolism of ethanol?
True
Adenosine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter
True
Beer is made from fermented grains
True
Budweiser, the classic American beer company is now owned by a company headquartered in Europe?
True
In those with schizophrenia, dopamine is hyperactive in the mesolimbic pathway and underactive in the mesocortical pathway
True
Injecting opioids is more addictive than ingesting them.
True
Instead of being stored in vesicles, endocannabinoids are rapidly synthesized when needed
True
It is clearly more reasonable, from a social perspective, that children learn to drink alcoholic beverages at an age such as 13 to 15 years old; thereby allowing them to get knowledge about drinking and how much to drink, rather than drinking when first becomes legal to drink?
True
Korsakoff's syndrome is highly related to an insufficient amount of B vitamin in circulation.
True
Less alcohol dehydrogenase is produced in the morning than at night
True
Many benzodiazepines end with the suffice "-epam" or "-olam."
True
Once heroin reaches the brain, it is converted back into morphine.
True
Which is true about the demographics of depression?
Women are more likely to be diagnosed with major depression than men are
Using high doses of amphetamines for multiple days ___
can induce a depletion of neuronal stores of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin, hence leaving the drug-user with neural circuits involving these neurotransmitters less functional
Which of the following is not a characteristic seen in fetal alcohol syndrome?
dwarfism
Depression is a purely psychological condition with no physiological abnormalities
false
Electroconvulsive therapy is no longer used
false
Marijuana decreases heart rate
false
Which is true about adenosine?
lowers heart rate
Naltrexone is _________ addictive
not
There was a time in Finland when the taxes on alcoholic beverages were substantially reduced. One of the following was a consequence of that. Pick it.
rate of alcohol beverage intake increased significantly, particularly for women living alone.
A man arrives at the emergency room with needle tracts on his arm and respiratory depression that is dangerous. He is given a large dose of naloxone, but that seems to do little to lift the respiratory depression. Such actions __.
rule out overdoses of opioids as a reason for the respiratory depression
Fentanyl is highly lipid-soluble, and so it has a rapid onset and short duration of action.
true