DSST Substance Abuse - multiple choice

Which of the following groups has the highest percentage of individuals who typically report heavy alcohol use during a given month? a. 18 to 25 year olds b. 30 to 60 year olds c. African-Americans d. Hispanic-Americans

18 to 25 year olds

The use of methamphetamine surged by the end of the a. 1950s b. 1960s c. 1980s d. 1990s

1990s

What is the recommended maximum prescription timeframe to reduce the risk of benzodiazepine dependence? a. 24 months b. 10-12 months c. 7-10 weeks d. 2-4 weeks

2-4 weeks

Which of the following would most likely be a lethal dosage of nicotine for the average adult? a. 0.09 milligrams b. 2.5 milligrams c. 10 milligrams d. 60 milligrams

60 milligrams

Which of the following is a group of hormones abused by athletes to increase muscle mass? a. Amphetamines b. Androgens c. Creatines d. Opiates

Androgens

Hashish is classified as which of the following types of drugs? a. Cannabinoid b. Stimulant c. Sedative d. Antipsychotic

Cannabinoid

Bupropion is used in the treatment of each of the following EXCEPT: a. Seasonal affective disorder b. Diabetes c. Depression d. Nicotine addiction

Diabetes

An individual with a long-term dependence on marijuana is LEAST likely to display which of the following? a. Increased appetite b. Increased heart rate c. Improved memory d. Increased blood pressure

Improved memory

Which of the following is the most common physiological effect of using marijuana? a. Decreased blood pressure b. Increased aggression c. Decreased appetite d. Increased heart rate

Increased heart rate

Tobacco was first established as a commercial crop in America by which of the following? a. George Washington b. John Rolfe c. Christopher Columbus d. King George III

John Rolfe

Which of the following is known as a "club drug"? a. MDMA b. PCP c. THC d. LSD

MDMA

Which of the following represents the first federal attempt to legally control marijuana use in the U.S.? a. 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act b. Harrison Act of 1914 c. Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 d. 1961 Convention on Narcotics

Marijuana Tax Act of 1937

Which of the following is a colorless, volatile liquid alkaloid that is highly addictive? a. Nicotine b. Heroin c. Alcohol d. Toluene

Nicotine

Codeine is classified as which of the following types of drugs? a. Opioid b. Hallucinogen c. Cannabinoid d. Stimulant

Opioid

Drinking refers to which of the following means of administering tobacco? a. Injecting b. Smoking c. Chewing d. Inhaling through the nose

Smoking

Which of the following topics of a program is an example of secondary prevention? a. Legalization of Marijuana b. Healthy Food Choices c. Living with Cancer d. Stress Management

Stress Management

Each of the following can help prevent addiction to sedatives for the relief of insomnia EXCEPT: a. Maintaining a regular exercise schedule b. Maintaining a regular sleep schedule c. Taking short naps regularly during the day d. Avoiding intense exercising before sleep

Taking short naps regularly during the day

An expansive reaction may increase a. panic b. impulsivity c. uncoordinated movements d. creativity

creativity

Which of the following is an opioid analogue? a. naprosyn b. acetaminophen c. dextromethorphan d. paregoric

dextromethorphan

Talking the individual down is a technique used to help recover from the use of a. hallucinogens b. stimulants c. opioids d. barbiturates

hallucinogens

A side effect of antipsychotic drugs is a. short-term memory loss. b. suicidal thoughts. c. hand tremors. d. depression.

hand tremors

When a substance has sympathomimetic effects, the substance causes a. nasal congestion b. increased REM sleep c. sweating d. hunger

sweating

Which of the following is the street name of a sedative-hypnotic substance that may be placed unknowingly into a beverage and cause blackouts? a. "Snow" b. "Ludes" c. "Roofies" d. "Acid"

"Roofies"

Loss of consciousness begins at approximately which of the following blood alcohol concentrations (BAC)? a. 0.15% b. 0.20% c. 0.30% d. 0.55%

0.30%

The onset of action for stimulants via the oral route averages a. 10 to 15 minutes b. 20 to 30 minutes c. 45 to 60 minutes d. 90 to 100 minutes

10 to 15 minutes

Per capita statistics regarding consumption of alcoholic beverages includes individuals who are at least what age? a. 21 years old b. 18 years old c. 16 years old d. 14 years old

14 years old

Fermented beverages have a maximum alcohol content of approximately a. 5% b. 7% c. 10% d. 15%

15%

How much time is generally required for a patient who starts SSRI antidepressants to experience improved mood effects? a. 3-5 days b. 2-4 weeks c. 3-4 months d. 6-12 months

2-4 weeks

Approximately what percentage of U.S. adults are regular smokers? a. 20 b. 35 c. 40 d. 50

20

Signs of heroin withdrawal may begin to appear as early as how many hours after the last injection of heroin? a. 2 b. 4 c. 10 d. 12

4

Symptoms of marijuana withdrawal are most likely to last for which of the following durations? a. 1 to 2 days b. 4 to 12 days c. 2 to 3 weeks d. 4 to 6 weeks

4 to 12 days

Approximately how many people in the United States are chronic marijuana users? a. 1 to 2 million b. 3 to 4 million c. 4 to 5 million d. 7 to 10 million

4 to 5 million

In the United States, most commercially produced beers have an alcohol content of approximately a. 4% b. 6% c. 8% d. 10%

4%

For how many days can a urine screening test typically detect the presence of marijuana in the urine of a short-term or intermittent user? a. 5 days b. 10 days c. 14 days d. 21 days

5 days

Peak blood concentrations of PCP are seen how soon after smoking PCP? a. 2 to 3 minutes b. 5 to 15 minutes c. 20 to 30 minutes d. 45 to 90 minutes

5 to 15 minutes

How soon after a dosage does a heroin addict usually experience the onset of withdrawal symptoms? a. 3 hours b. 6 hours c. 12 hours d. 24 hours

6 hours

Methylated amphetamines have a duration of action averaging a. 15 to 30 minutes b. 60 to 90 minutes c. 2 to 4 hours d. 6 to 8 hours

6 to 8 hours

In general, which of the following statements is true regarding the blood alcohol concentration (BAC)? a. A female who weighs the same as a male and consumes the same amount of alcohol during the same time interval will have a higher BAC than the male. b. A female who consumes the same amount of alcohol during the same time interval as a male but who weighs about fifty pounds more than the male, will have a similar BAC as the male. c. Ale and whiskey ingested at the same rate produce a similar BAC over time but differ significantly in the duration of the effect. d. Ale and whiskey ingested at the same rate have a similar BAC over time and produce a rapid decrease in BAC if caffeine is simultaneously ingested.

A female who weighs the same as a male and consumes the same amount of alcohol during the same time interval will have a higher BAC than the male

Each of the following is a xanthine EXCEPT: a. Caffeine b. Adenosine c. Theobromine d. Theophylline

Adenosine

Abrupt withdrawal from barbiturates produces symptoms most similar to abrupt withdrawal from which of the following? a. SSRI antidepressants b. Tobacco c. Benzodiazepines d. Alcohol

Alcohol

Which of the following statements is true regarding alcohol? a. The presence of food in the digestive system increases the rate of alcohol absorption. b. Alcohol is primarily absorbed in the small intestines. c. Drinking plain water at the same time as drinking alcohol increases the rate of alcohol absorption. d. The intake of carbonated beverages with alcohol has limited effect on alcohol absorption.

Alcohol is primarily absorbed in the small intestines.

Which of the following is an example of a peer self-help group associated with substance use disorders? a. The Compassionate Friends b. Reach for Recovery c. Alcoholics Anonymous d. Just Say No to Drugs

Alcoholics Anonymous

Which of the following models of the cause of substance use is associated with Alcoholics Anonymous? a. Moral b. American Disease c. Biological d. Social Learning

American Disease

The term atypical antipsychotics refers to which of the following? a. Antipsychotic drugs commonly prescribed to treat depression b. Antipsychotic drugs developed before conventional antipsychotics c. Antipsychotic drugs that purposefully cause psychotic hallucinations d. Antipsychotic drugs developed after conventional antipsychotics

Antipsychotic drugs developed after conventional antipsychotics

Trycyclic antidepressants were discovered as scientists were in the process of attempting to develop an improved version of which of the following? a. Antihypertensives b. Antipsychotics c. Antitussives d. Antihistamines

Antipsychotics

Which of the following would most likely be prescribed to a patient diagnosed as schizophrenic? a. Opioids b. Cannabis c. Psychedelics d. Antipsychotics

Antipsychotics

In addition to treating depression, SSRI antidepressants are also commonly prescribed to treat which of the following? a. Anxiety b. Hypotension c. Hyperthyroidism d. Tuberculosis

Anxiety

Historically, adolescents from which of the following ethnic groups have had the lowest rate of illicit drug use? a. African-American b. Asian c. American Indian d. Hispanic

Asian

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding the dose-response (dose-effect) of barbiturates? a. At a toxic dose, these drugs cause temperature elevation. b. At a very high dose, these drugs cause psychosis. c. At a high dose, these drugs cause sedation. d. At a low dose, these drugs cause slurred speech.

At a high dose, these drugs cause sedation.

Flumazenil is used as an antidote to treat overdoses of which of the following? a. Benzodiazepines b. Opioids c. Barbiturates d. Amphetamines

Benzodiazepines

Which of the following is an antidepressant that has proven helpful for smoking cessation? a. Nicotine patch b. Haldol c. Varenicline d. Bupropion

Bupropion

A sudden sniffing death from inhalant abuse would most likely be associated with inhalation of which of the following? a. Ether b. Butane c. Nitrous oxide d. Gasoline

Butane

Hypnotics are also known as a. anesthetics b. CNS depressants c. analgesics d. intoxicants

CNS depressants

Sleeping pills are also known as a. opioids b. CNS depressants c. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) d. dopaminergic agents

CNS depressants

Which of the following classifications of drugs does not currently contain a substance that is commonly used by inhalation? a. stimulants b. opioids c. CNS depressants d. sedatives

CNS depressants

Which of the following types of Cannabis plant is primarily used in the manufacture of hemp rope? a. Cannabis ruderalis b. Cannabis indica c. Cannabis sativa d. Cannabis chamba

Cannabis sativa

The smoking cessation drug varenicline goes by which of the following brand names? a. Chantix b. Wellbutrin c. Prozac d. Lexapro

Chantix

Which of the following is used as a cough suppressant? a. Amphetamines b. Codeine c. Barbiturates d. Morphine

Codeine

Which of the following approaches is most likely to be effective for the treatment of marijuana addiction? a. Counseling b. Methadone treatment c. Phenobarbital treatment d. Oxycodone treatment

Counseling

Which of the following is a major benefit of a therapeutic community to treat substance abuse? a. Detoxification during treatment occurs rapidly. b. Low rates of attrition during treatment. c. Work productivity increases while in treatment. d. Criminal behavior ceases while in treatment.

Criminal behavior ceases while in treatment.

Which of the following statements is true regarding opioids? a. Brain damage is a common effect of opioid abuse. b. Opioids have a low rate of psychological addiction. c. It is uncommon for adolescents to abuse opioids. d. Cross-tolerance exists among opioid substances.

Cross-tolerance exists among opioid substances.

What is one disadvantage of THC taken orally for medical purposes? a. Delayed onset of therapeutic effects b. Inability to reduce nausea symptoms c. Ineffectiveness in treating glaucoma d. Inability to convert to dronabinol

Delayed onset of therapeutic effects

Which of the following statements regarding alcohol tolerance is true? a. Protracted tolerance is common. b. Cross-tolerance occurs at a low rate. c. Functional tolerance is inversely related to blood alcohol concentration (BAC). d. Dispositional tolerance is reversed by abstinence.

Dispositional tolerance is reversed by abstinence

Which of the following printed information contained on the label of common household products increases the risk that the product may be used experimentally as an inhalant? a. Do not use in an enclosed place. b. May cause skin irritation. c. Contact the poison control center if ingested. d. Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not use in an enclosed place.

Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved in nicotine dependence? a. Glutamate b. Dopamine c. Serotonin d. Endorphin

Dopamine

Which of the following is most likely to be prescribed to treat a patient with depression? a. Valium b. Haldol c. Escitalopram d. Oxycodone

Escitalopram

Which of the following over-the-counter analgesics contains a stimulant? a. Bufferin b. Mediprin c. Excedrin d. Nuprin

Excedrin

Toxicity associated with which of the following substances causes slow, shallow respirations? a. Fentanyl b. Ritalin c. PCP d. THC

Fentanyl

Alcohol dependence during pregnancy is most likely to lead to which of the following? a. Fetal alcohol syndrome b. Cervical cancer c. Dysplasia of the placenta d. Sudden infant death syndrome

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Which of the following is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)? a. Doxepin b. Imipramine c. Fluoxetine d. Phenelzine

Fluoxetine

Each of the following is classified as a clinical antidepressant drug EXCEPT: a. Escitalopram b. Fluoxetine c. Duloxetine d. Haldol

Haldol

Ecstasy is classified as which of the following types of drugs? a. Cannabinoid b. Hallucinogen c. Stimulant d. Opioid

Hallucinogen

Which of the following is likely to experience the most severe symptoms of nicotine withdrawal? a. Heavy smoker b. Moderate smoker c. Light smoker d. Secondhand smoker

Heavy smoker

Benzodiazepine dependency is most likely to occur with which of the following dosage levels? a. High b. Moderate c. Low d. Very low

High

Which of the following routes of amphetamine administration is most likely to produce dependence quickly? a. Low oral doses taken for medical purposes b. Low injected doses taken for recreational purposes c. Moderate oral doses taken for medical purposes d. High injected doses taken for recreational purposes

High injected doses taken for recreational purposes

Which of the following schedules of drugs based on the Controlled Substances Act requires a written prescription? a. I b. II c. IV d. V

II

Anabolic steroids are included in which of the following Schedules of the Controlled Substances Act? a. I b. II c. III d. IV

III

Use of which of the following is LEAST likely to cause dependency? a. Methamphetamine b. Cocaine c. Heroin d. Inhalants

Inhalants

Snuff refers to tobacco typically administered through which of the following? a. Subcutaneous absorption b. Smoking c. Intravenous injection d. Inhalation directly into the nostrils

Inhalation directly into the nostrils

Early treatment of schizophrenia involved administration of which of the following? a. Beta blockers b. Insulin c. Levothyroxine d. ACE inhibitors

Insulin

Which of the following statements is true regarding tolerance to benzodiazepines? a. The serotonin level affects the response. b. The CYP450 enzyme is responsible for tolerance. c. It develops slowly. d. It develops at low doses.

It develops slowly

Methadone is a commonly used treatment for heroin addiction due to which of the following chemical properties? a. It blocks alpha-adrenergic receptors. b. It is an agonist that lessens the severity of withdrawal symptoms. c. It reverses respiratory suppression while inducing sleep. d. It has serotonergic-effects.

It is an agonist that lessens the severity of withdrawal symptoms.

Which of the following helped to create the high level sales of crack? a. It is less dangerous to produce than other forms of freebase. b. It is more affordable since it is less potent than other forms of freebase. c. The dependence develops over a long period of time. d. The are few legal penalties associated with possession.

It is less dangerous to produce than other forms of freebase.

Which of the following is an example of primary prevention? a. Alcoholics Anonymous b. Drinking in moderation c. Smoking Cessation d. Just Say No to Drugs

Just Say No to Drugs

The indole structure is responsible for the hallucinogenic effect of a. LSD b. heroin c. cocaine d. THC

LSD

There is a relatively low risk of dying from an overdose of a. beer b. Vodka c. LSD d. Xanax

LSD

Which of the following substances is tasteless? a. cocaine b. LSD c. opium d. THC

LSD

Which of the following statements is true regarding LSD dependency? a. LSD addicts have stronger cravings for the drug than do abusers addicted to heroin or cocaine. b. Withdrawal from LSD produces intense symptoms such as those caused by opioid withdrawal. c. LSD users develop psychological dependence rather than physical dependence on the drug. d. Flashbacks are experienced only by those users who actively take LSD on a regular basis.

LSD users develop psychological dependence rather than physical dependence on the drug.

Each of the following was a common medical use of tobacco historically EXCEPT: a. Wound healing b. Curing skin disorders c. Lowering blood pressure d. Pain relief

Lowering blood pressure

Which of the following substances is most likely to be misused to obtain information from individuals suspected of espionage? a. Ritalin b. Methadone c. MDMA d. THC

MDMA

Each of the following is classified as a hallucinogenic drug EXCEPT: a. LSD b. Psilocybin c. Marijuana d. Mescaline

Marijuana

Which of the following concurrent disorders most likely needs to be considered when developing a treatment program for inhalant abuse? a. Hemophilia b. Mental illness c. Musculoskeletal abnormalities d. Infertility

Mental illness

Which of the following statements is correct regarding prodrugs? a. Ingestion of alcohol antagonizes prodrugs. b. Prodrugs may not be prescribed in the United States. c. Metabolic processes change prodrugs into active drugs. d. Prodrugs have a faster rate of elimination from the body.

Metabolic processes change prodrugs into active drugs

Which of the following is classified as a stimulant drug? a. Phenobarbitol b. Alprazolam c. LSD d. Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine

Phenelzine is classified as which of the following types of antidepressants? a. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor b. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) c. Trycyclic antidepressant d. None of the above

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor

Which of the following is classified as an opioid drug? a. Diazepam b. Cocaine c. Morphine d. Lorazepam

Morphine

Which of the following statements is true regarding individuals admitted to rehabilitation facilities for the treatment of cocaine addiction? a. Users who seek treatment typically do not use alcohol or other drugs. b. Most individuals admitted for treatment are abusers of crack cocaine. c. Relapses are uncommon among patients who complete rehab programs. d. Medical antidotes are the most effective treatment for cocaine withdrawal.

Most individuals admitted for treatment are abusers of crack cocaine.

Antipsychotic drugs are also referred to by which of the following terms? a. Neuroleptics b. Antidepressants c. Dyskinesics d. MAO inhibitors

Neuroleptics

Which of the following ingredients of tobacco is responsible for causing dependence? a. Ammonia b. Morphine c. Nicotine d. Tar

Nicotine

Which of the following over-the-counter medications has a stimulant effect? a. No Doz® b. Pepto Bismol® c. Tylenol® d. Robitussin®

No Doz®

Which of the following medications is approved by the FDA for the treatment of methamphetamine addiction? a. Bupropion b. No currently approved medications c. Varenicline d. Phenytoin

No currently approved medications

Which of the following is commonly used as an antidote for barbiturate overdose? a. Codeine b. Methadone c. Naloxone d. None of the above

None of the above

Which neurotransmitters are made more available to the brain with anti-depressant medication? a. Serotonin and dopamine b. Acetylcholine and dopamine c. Norepinephrine and serotonin d. Glutamate and norepinephrine

Norepinephrine and serotonin

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the distribution of drugs through the body? a. After an inhaled substance leaves the lungs, the substance goes directly to the right side of the heart. b. After a substance is injected into the vein, the substance goes directly to the liver. c. Once an injected substance leaves the muscle, the substance enters the kidneys. d. Once an oral substance is ingested, the substance progresses to the intestines.

Once an oral substance is ingested, the substance progresses to the intestines

Which of the following caused an epidemic of dependence among the Chinese in the early 1900s? a. Opium smoking b. Heroin injection c. Crack cocaine smoking d. Cocaine snorting

Opium smoking

Which of the following substances is detectable in the urine for several weeks after single use? a. PCP b. THC c. cocaine d. alcohol

PCP

Which of the following substances is the cheapest to purchase on the street? a. crack b. PCP c. oxycodone d. Xanax

PCP

Which of the following substances was associated with "moonwalking" movements? a. PCP b. THC c. methamphetamine d. heroin

PCP

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Moral Model of the causes of substance use? a. Choosing to enter the subculture of substance use is based on a need to belong to a group. b. The environment of the individual contributes to decisions regarding substance use. c. Personal choices are made to use a substance in a harmful way when other choices were available to the individual. d. Spiritual distress is the basis of decisions to use substances that cause progressive diseases.

Personal choices are made to use a substance in a harmful way when other choices were available to the individual

Which of the following are most often prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia? a. Sedative-hypnotics b. Antidepressants c. Phenothiazines d. Analgesics

Phenothiazines

An individual who uses LSD for a prolonged period of time is LEAST likely to experience which of the following? a. Hallucinations b. Physical dependency c. Flashbacks d. Psychological dependency

Physical dependency

Which of the following is commonly associated with repeated use of chemical substances regardless of the classification of the substance? a. Physical dependence b. Psychological dependence c. Bipolar disorder d. Antisocial personality disorder

Psychological dependence

An LSD user who is having a "bad trip" can be assisted by each of the following EXCEPT: a. Calmness b. Reassurance c. Alcohol d. Low lighting

Reassurance

Which of the following are known to increase the risk of suicide in some patients? a. Conventional antipsychotics b. Lithium c. SSRI antidepressants d. Atypical antipsychotics

SSRI antidepressants

Which of the following has the fewest side effects in the treatment of moderate to severe depression? a. MAOIs b. Lithium c. SSRIs d. Tricyclics

SSRIs

Under the Controlled Substances Act, marijuana is classified as which of the following? a. Schedule V b. Schedule lll c. Schedule ll d. Schedule l

Schedule l

An individual who stops taking SSRI antidepressants abruptly is most likely to experience each of the following EXCEPT: a. Seizure b. Headache c. Anxiety d. Irritability

Seizure

Which of the following symptoms is LEAST likely to be present in an individual undergoing treatment for cocaine addiction? a. Strong craving for cocaine b. Anxiety c. Shaking d. Fatigue

Shaking

Which of the following is the most likely cause of death from inhalant overdose? a. Embolism b. Aneurysm c. Suffocation d. Meningitis

Suffocation

The primary active ingredient in marijuana is a. THC. b. MDMA. c. cannabis. d. Marinol.

THC.

Antipsychotic medications commonly produce which of the following conditions? a. Coronary thrombosis b. Tardive dyskinesia c. Otitis media d. Dementia

Tardive dyskinesia

Historically, which of the following supported LSD research? a. The American Psychological Association b. The American Cancer Society c. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms d. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

When a substance occupies a receptor site, which of the following actions can occur? a. The action of the neurotransmitter can be blocked. b. The substance can become active. c. The receptor can change shape.

The action of the neurotransmitter can be blocked.

Which of the following statements regarding alcohol is true? a. The blood alcohol concentration (BAC) that produces a surgical anesthesia effect is almost equivalent to the LD50 of alcohol. b. Alcohol toxicity is associated with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.10%. c. Methanol is the form of alcohol commonly found in homemade wines. d. Ethyl alcohol is nonflammable.

The blood alcohol concentration (BAC) that produces a surgical anesthesia effect is almost equivalent to the LD50 of alcohol.

How does the lipid solubility of a drug affect the action of the drug? a. The lower the lipid solubility, the easier it is for the drug to enter the brain. b. The higher the lipid solubility, the more likely it is that the drug will be reabsorbed from the kidneys. c. Lipid soluble drugs have a higher rate of absorption if an individual is obese. d. Lipid soluble drugs have a lower rate of absorption if an individual is malnourished.

The higher the lipid solubility, the more likely it is that the drug will be reabsorbed from the kidneys

Which of the following statements is correct regarding protein-binding? a. The lower the protein binding, the more potent the drug. b. Protein-bound drugs are excreted from the body unchanged. c. The more a drug binds to proteins in the body, the slower the onset of action. d. Protein binding is directly related to lipid solubility.

The more a drug binds to proteins in the body, the slower the onset of action

Which of the following statements is true regarding the blood alcohol concentration (BAC)? a. The longer the elevation of the BAC, the slower alcohol is metabolized. b. The BAC shifts to the left if alcohol is ingested with food. c. The quicker the rise in BAC, the greater the behavioral effect. d. The lower the body weight, the slower the BAC rises.

The quicker the rise in BAC, the greater the behavioral effect.

Which of the following is a benefit of using a benzodiazepine to treat an anxiety disorder? a. The risk for accidental overdose is low. b. Cross tolerance with alcohol is minimal. c. The level of drowsiness is significant. d. Appetite stimulation is moderate.

The risk for accidental overdose is low

Which of the following statements is true regarding Schedule I substances of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA)? a. There is a lower potential for abuse when compared to Schedule IV. b. Cocaine is included in this Schedule. c. There is no currently acceptable medical use in the United States. d. Opioids are excluded.

There is no currently acceptable medical use in the United States.

Which of the following statements is true regarding serotonin? a. Insufficient serotonin levels cause Parkinson-like movements. b. Hallucinogens block the serotonin pathway. c. These receptors can be both excitatory and inhibitory. d. This is the major neurotransmitter of the autonomic nervous system.

These receptors can be both excitatory and inhibitory

Which of the following statements is true regarding designer drugs? a. Designer drugs are less expensive than the original drug. b. Designer drugs are designated as class I drugs by the FDA. c. These substances are discovered "by accident" during product development in pharmaceutical laboratories. d. These substances can produce brain damage that may start to be evident during the normal process of aging.

These substances can produce brain damage that may start to be evident during the normal process of aging.

Which of the following is the primary benefit of using levo-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) to treat addiction to heroin? a. This substance acts as an antidepressant like naloxone. b. This substance stimulates opioid receptors like naloxone. c. This substance has a longer-lasting effect than methadone. d. This substance requires a lower dose than methadone.

This substance has a longer-lasting effect than methadone.

Which of the following is classified as an antipsychotic drug? a. Bupropion b. Thorazine c. Fluoxetine d. Sertraline

Thorazine

Which of the following most likely contributes to marijuana dependence? a. Regular marijuana users do not typically develop drug tolerance. b. Tolerance of the drug increases as usage continues over time. c. Tolerance of the drug decreases with regular use at high doses. d. Intermittent marijuana users are not likely to develop drug tolerance.

Tolerance of the drug increases as usage continues over time

Which of the following is a non-nicotine treatment for smoking addiction? a. NicoDerm b. Nicorette c. Varenicline d. Thorazine

Varenicline

Each of the following is a common symptom of marijuana withdrawal EXCEPT: a. Weight gain b. Anxiety c. Irritability d. Depression

Weight gain

Which of the following side effects is common with atypical antipsychotics? a. Reduced triglycerides b. Weight gain c. Narcolepsy d. Sleep apnea

Weight gain

Each of the following is a common symptom of nicotine withdrawal EXCEPT: a. Irritability b. Irritability c. Weight loss d. Anxiety

Weight loss

Which of the following sedative-hypnotics has the shortest half-life? a. Ativan b. Valium c. Klonopin d. Xanax

Xanax

Which of the following substances has been associated with anterograde amnesia? a. Ritalin b. Adderall c. Cylert d. Xanax

Xanax

Which of the following individuals is more likely to be involved in a motor vehicle collision while driving under the influence of alcohol? a. an individual who has consumed 2 shots of whiskey in an hour b. an individual who has consumed 3 beers over 5 hours c. a 45-year-old female d. a 17-year-old male

a 17-year-old male

A neurotransmitter is a. a chemical that is released from a neuron that initiates a local effect b. an enzyme that changes the action of another molecule c. a lipid-soluble compound that impacts the action of a chemical d. a hormone that changes the permeability of the cell membrane

a chemical that is released from a neuron that initiates a local effect

The use of inhalants typically causes a. clammy skin b. pinpoint pupils c. a dizzy euphoria d. a slow respiratory rate

a dizzy euphoria

Drug tolerance means that a. a drug must be ingested on a regular basis to prevent symptoms of withdrawal b. a drug causes less than the desired effect after a period of repeated use c. the liver has developed the ability to metabolize the drug at a faster rate d. the kidneys have developed the ability to rapidly filter the drug from the blood

a drug causes less than the desired effect after a period of repeated use

Which of the following individual factors contributes to a higher blood alcohol concentration (BAC) if each individual consumes what is defined as a standard drink of an alcoholic beverage? a. a higher percentage of body fat b. a higher amount of muscle c. a higher body weight d. a higher level of stomach enzymes

a higher percentage of body fat

One belief about the benefits of Alcoholics Anonymous is that it builds a. psychological tolerance b. acceptable social relationships c. self-esteem d. moral character

acceptable social relationships

Alcohol is metabolized in the liver and forms a. norepinephrine b. dopamine c. acetylcholine d. acetaldehyde

acetaldehyde

Which of the following is a common psychological effect of anabolic steroids? a. skin crawling b. aggressiveness c. food cravings d. depression

aggressiveness

Abstinence, while controversial, has been the treatment goal often associated with the use of a. stimulants b. alcohol c. opioids d. CNS depressants

alcohol

Which of the following causes an additive depressant effect when taken with benzodiazepines? a. methamphetamine b. alcohol c. phencyclidine d. cocaine

alcohol

Which of the following is most commonly used by individuals in the United States who are over the age of 25 years? a. cocaine b. marijuana c. nicotine d. alcohol

alcohol

Which of the following substances has a low affinity for plasma proteins? a. alcohol b. marijuana c. barbiturates d. methadone

alcohol

A moderate dose of ketamine produces similar physical effects associated with a. alcohol intoxication b. marijuana toxicity c. opioid overdose d. caffeine withdrawal

alcohol intoxication

Fermentation of carbohydrates from grains is the process used to make which of the following alcoholic beverages? a. whiskey b. rum c. champagne d. ale

ale

Alcohol is believed to have a depressant effect due to which of the following physiologic actions? a. changing the shape of some receptor sites b. inhibiting the action of acetylcholine c. enhancing the release of some neurotransmitters d. altering the structure of the cell membranes

altering the structure of the cell membranes

A moderate dose of which of the following substances causes increased talkativeness? a. Seconal b. Valium c. alcohol d. amphetamines

amphetamines

Which of the following substances can cause psychosis during an overdose? a. opioids b. nicotine c. alcohol d. amphetamines

amphetamines

Alcohol was used initially in medicine as a. an antidepressant b. an anesthetic c. a stimulant d. an anxiolytic

an anesthetic

Stacking is a practice associated with the use of a. alcohol b. anabolic steroids c. inhalants d. amphetamines

anabolic steroids

Opioids are also known as a. barbiturates b. stimulants c. CNS depressants d. analgesics

analgesics

When a known dose of a substance produces a shift to the right on the dose-response (dose-effect) curve, this is an indication of a. antagonism b. synergism c. enzyme induction d. enzyme inhibition

antagonism

Prozac is the most popular a. anabolic steroid. b. antidepressant. c. antipsychotic. d. mood stabilizer.

antidepressant

Over-the-counter sedatives used as sleep-aids commonly contain a. antihistamines b. alcohol c. ephedrine d. salicylates

antihistamines

Sedative-hypnotic agents are used medically to treat a. schizophrenia b. anxiety c. depression d. anorexia

anxiety

Which of the following is one of the earliest indications of opioid abstinence syndrome? a. nausea b. insomnia c. tearing eyes d. anxiety

anxiety

The initial medical use of amphetamines was for the treatment of a. headaches b. cancer c. asthma d. hypertension

asthma

The definition of drug misuse includes the use of a prescribed drug a. that is disapproved by members of a social group b. at a dose higher than prescribed c. which has a high risk for addiction d. to avoid unpleasant physiologic symptoms

at a dose higher than prescribed

Which of the following appears historically to be a protective factor regarding heavy alcohol consumption amongst students enrolled in undergraduate programs? a. living in a dormitory that is restricted to either all males or all females b. living in a campus-based apartment with less than four roommates c. attending a historically black college or university d. attending a college with a small student enrollment

attending a historically black college or university

Which of the following treatments of alcohol dependence is based on principles associated with classical conditioning? a. aversion therapy b. twelve-step programs c. half-way houses d. family therapy

aversion therapy

Protective factors are defined as a. behaviors, attitudes or situations that are associated with low rates of deviant behavior b. precursor molecules that are changed into a different molecule by the action of enzymes c. biological, psychological or social variables that positively impact the ability to make decisions d. a change in the rate of metabolism of a substance as a result of regular use of the substance

behaviors, attitudes or situations that are associated with low rates of deviant behavior

Valium, Ambien, and Xanax are examples of a. opioids. b. barbiturates. c. stimulants. d. benzodiazepines.

benzodiazepines

Cholinergic agonists produce which of the following physiologic effects? a. decreased body temperature b. blurred vision c. rapid breathing d. muscle rigidity

blurred vision

Serotonin is widely distributed in the a. brain b. lungs c. mucous membranes d. skin

brain

Which of the following is believed to be the most common psychoactive drug used on a daily basis? a. aspirin b. nicotine c. alcohol d. caffeine

caffeine

Which of the following is classified as an alkaloid? a. alcohol b. marijuana c. tobacco d. caffeine

caffeine

Death associated with delirium tremens (DTs) is most often due to a. the rapid decline in the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) b. cardiovascular collapse c. a below normal body temperature d. liver failure

cardiovascular collapse

Which of the following is a common toxic effect of both CNS depressants and opioids? a. clammy skin b. agitation c. psychosis d. insomnia

clammy skin

An overdose of which of the following substances is a common cause of a myocardial infarction? a. PCP b. cocaine c. LSD d. heroin

cocaine

The depressive abstinence syndrome has been associated with abuse of a. nicotine b. marijuana c. cocaine d. alcohol

cocaine

Which of the following is classified as a stimulant? a. marijuana b. heroin c. cocaine d. alcohol

cocaine

Which of the following substances is associated with a high rate of income-generating, criminal activity? a. TAC b. PCP c. alcohol d. cocaine

cocaine

Which of the following substances is associated with the highest rate of emergency department (ED) visits? a. heroin b. methamphetamine c. marijuana d. cocaine

cocaine

Which of the following opioids can cause a moderate level of physical dependence? a. demerol b. methadone c. codeine d. morphine

codeine

Chronic toxicity associated with amphetamines may cause a. rapid respirations b. tremors c. restlessness d. compulsive behavior

compulsive behavior

Which of the following is commonly associated with an overdose of opioids? a. constricted pupils b. agitation c. convulsions d. hot skin

constricted pupils

All of the following are associated with employees who abuse alcohol EXCEPT a. criminal activity. b. absenteeism. c. accidents. d. tardiness.

criminal activity

Benzodiazepines are commonly used to treat alcohol withdrawal due to which of the following? a. absorption b. potency c. bioavailability d. cross dependence

cross dependence

The long-term effects of the use of MDMA are difficult to determine due to which of the following factors? a. high mortality rates associated with MDMA use b. MDMA is a schedule I substance based on the Controlled Substances Act c. varied levels of serotonin in the human brain tissue d. decreased availability of pure MDMA

decreased availability of pure MDMA

Which of the following effects of ingesting moderate levels of alcohol is a contributing factor to motor vehicle collisions after drinking alcoholic beverages? a. increased activity of the central nervous system (CNS) b. increased sensitivity to bright lights c. decreased reaction time d. decreased visual acuity

decreased visual acuity

Based on the stages of change model, during the precontemplation stage the individual a. denies there is a problem b. accepts responsibility for the problem c. sets goals to resolve the problem d. exhibits anger regarding the problem

denies there is a problem

Which of the following is a common additive to MDMA tablets sold on the street? a. codeine b. ibuprofen c. dextromethorphan d. aspirin

dextromethorphan

Amyl nitrite may cause which of the following physiologic effects? a. decreased respirations b. increased heart rate c. dilation of arteries in the brain d. constriction of pupils

dilation of arteries in the brain

Until the 1800s, the most popular way to use tobacco was by a. rubbing it on the gums. b. smoking cigarettes. c. smoking cigars. d. dipping snuff.

dipping snuff

Which of the following is associated with the withdrawal syndrome due to abuse of stimulants? a. altered skin sensations b. disturbed sleep c. muscle paralysis d. sensitivity to light

disturbed sleep

Which of the following provides a method to know the magnitude of impact that a substance will have on an individual based on a specific amount of the substance? a. solubility scales b. assays of plasma protein levels c. rates of excretion d. dose-response (dose-effect) curve

dose-response (dose-effect) curve

Substance A and substance B are ingested simultaneously but in a smaller quantity than if either substance A or substance B were ingested separately. The resulting dose-effect curve shifts to the left. This represents a. the effective dose b. the lethal dose c. drug antagonism d. drug synergism

drug synergism

The dose-response (dose-effect) curve is used to identify which of the following properties of drugs? a. efficacy b. duration of action c. gender-based response d. solubility

efficacy

Nicotine has which of the following physiologic effects at low doses? a. elevation of blood pressure b. suppression of respirations c. reduction of oral secretions d. stimulation of appetite

elevation of blood pressure

Methylated amphetamines commonly cause which of the following psychological effects? a. amnesia b. emotional warmth c. food cravings d. visual hallucinations

emotional warmth

The effect of injecting opioid substances may be enhanced if the substance user anticipates the injection. This anticipatory effect is believed to be related to the release of which of the following substances in the brain? a. endorphins b. acetylcholine c. serotonin d. dopamine

endorphins

Stimulants are prescribed medically to a. enhance learning b. minimize weight loss c. treat seizures d. suppress coughs

enhance learning

During the 1950s, amphetamines were prescribed to treat a. depression b. anorexia c. fatigue d. anxiety

fatigue

Which of the following is associated with the chronic, heavy ingestion of alcoholic beverages and can be reversed with abstinence from alcohol? a. bone loss b. hepatic cirrhosis c. Korsakoff syndrome d. fatty liver

fatty liver

In general, estimates of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) should be adjusted upward for individuals who are a. young adults b. adolescents c. female d. male

female

China white is the street name for a derivative of a. methadone b. heroin c. cocaine d. fentanyl

fentanyl

Which of the following opioids is the most potent? a. heroin b. oxycodone c. meperidine d. fentanyl

fentanyl

Which of the following is a chemical analogue of DMT? a. hash b. foxy methoxy c. angel dust d. ludes

foxy methoxy

Which of the following is now banned by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from being included in nutritional supplements? a. gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) b. caffeine c. sodium bicarbonate d. alcohol

gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

Alcohol and tobacco are considered a. opioids. b. OTC drugs. c. illicit drugs. d. gateway drugs.

gateway drugs

All of the following factors increase a smoker's risk of having cancer EXCEPT a. daily number of cigarettes smoked. b. number of years spent smoking. c. gender and body weight. d. age when smoking began.

gender and body weight

Sedative-hypnotic medications are used medically to treat a. generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) b. Parkinson's syndrome c. Wernicke's syndrome d. attention deficit disorder (ADD)

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Which of the following theories is gaining increased credibility as a contributing factor to alcohol abuse and dependence? a. alcoholic personality b. genetic predisposition c. alcohol subculture d. defensive ego structure

genetic predisposition

The media contributed to the initial increased use of which of the following inhalants? a. nitrous oxide b. glue c. hair spray d. ether

glue

Fetal alcohol syndrome has been associated with a. schizophrenia b. diabetes mellitus c. thyroid disease d. growth retardation

growth retardation

Ingestion of derivatives of the salvia plant may produce which of the following effects? a. excitation b. analgesia c. hallucinations d. sedation

hallucinations

Use of which of the following substances has not been associated with a withdrawal syndrome after chronic use? a. cannabis b. CNS depressants c. stimulants d. hallucinogens

hallucinogens

Offering clean needles and syringes to individuals who use injectable substances is based on the principles of a. social justice b. enabling c. harm reduction d. tertiary prevention

harm reduction

A highly potent form of marijuana is a. hashish. b. opium. c. cannabis. d. hemp.

hashish

"Skin-popping" when compared to mainlining reduces the risk of which of the following infections? a. tetanus b. hepatitis c. abscesses d. gonorrhea

hepatitis

Abuse of which of the following substances has been associated with a high rate of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? a. LSD b. opium c. methqualone d. heroin

heroin

Which of the following drug properties causes a delay in the drug reaching the site of action? a. high affinity for fat b. low level of protein binding c. high water solubility d. low level of metabolites

high affinity for fat

The method of inhaling substances through rags soaked in volatile solvents is known as a. snorting. b. huffing. c. bagging. d. sniffing.

huffing

Cocaine addiction has been associated with an increased risk for a. acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) b. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) c. renal failure d. hepatic cirrhosis

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Which of the following is a physiologic effect of drinking low volumes of alcohol? a. decreased thirst b. decreased secretions c. increased urination d. increased appetite

increased urination

Smoking cigarettes may have which of the following physiologic effects? a. dilation of large blood vessels b. increased sweating c. inhibition of hunger d. decreased blood sugar

inhibition of hunger

A drug interaction that involves one drug blocking the effect of another drug is known as a. potentiative. b. inhibitory. c. additive. d. synergism.

inhibitory.

Which of the following occurs first during the withdrawal syndrome from stimulants? a. intense craving b. inability to experience normal pleasure c. runny nose d. loss of appetite

intense craving

Opioids have a greater effect if taken via which of the following routes of administration? a. intravenous b. subcutaneous c. intramuscular d. inhalation

intravenous

An individual who is withdrawing from the use of stimulants commonly experiences a. irritability b. euphoria c. shallow respirations d. hot skin

irritability

An individual who has rapid, jerking eye movements may have recently used which of the following substances? a. marijuana b. alcohol c. ketamine d. cocaine

ketamine

Opioid drugs are excreted primarily via the a. skin b. kidneys c. lungs d. intestines

kidneys

When compared to narcotic withdrawal syndrome, withdrawal from sedative-hypnotic agents typically a. is less unpleasant b. lasts for a longer time c. causes increased sleep d. requires hospitalization

lasts for a longer time

CYP450 enzymes are primarily located in the a. stomach b. liver c. brain d. lungs

liver

Alcohol when ingested with Valium intensifies a. alertness b. instability of body temperature c. nausea d. loss of motor coordination

loss of motor coordination

Which of the following effects does prenatal use of cocaine have on the infant? a. nasal swelling b. milk intolerance c. low birth weight d. large head size

low birth weight

The incidence of depression associated with the chronic abuse of cocaine is hypothesized to be associated with a. low levels of monoamines b. low levels of adenosine c. inhibition of GABA d. inhibition of TSH

low levels of monoamines

Opioids accumulate in which of the following body tissues? a. bone b. fat c. skin d. lungs

lungs

PCP is commonly added in powder form to which of the following substances? a. caffeine b. tobacco c. alcohol d. marijuana

marijuana

The most commonly used illicit drug in the United States is a. barbiturates. b. marijuana. c. cocaine. d. alcohol.

marijuana

A biphasic dose-response (dose-effect) curve indicates that a drug a. may be changed into an active metabolite resulting in a rebound effect b. is slowly released from fat stores in the body thereby varying the rate of the drug's effect c. may have a similar effect at both a lower and at a higher dose d. is highly bound to plasma proteins so the desired effect occurs at two different points in time

may have a similar effect at both a lower and at a higher dose

Per capita statistics regarding alcohol consumption in the United States indicate that a. members of social clubs consume less than members of athletic teams b. residents of small cities consume more than residents of large cities c. members of the Protestant religious group consume less than members of the Catholic religious group d. residents of rural areas consume higher volumes than residents of urban areas

members of the Protestant religious group consume less than members of the Catholic religious group

Which of the following hallucinogens is also eaten? a. DOM b. MDMA c. mescaline d. phencyclidine

mescaline

Tequila is made from the same plant that is used to make a. tobacco b. LSD c. mescaline peyote d. marijuana

mescaline peyote

Ice is the street name for crystals of a. PCP b. THC c. cocaine d. methamphetamine

methamphetamine

Which of the following slows the absorption of alcohol? a. milk b. carbonation c. activity d. aspirin

milk

Harm reduction refers to a. reducing the quantity of substance that is used b. minimizing the negative consequences of substance use c. limiting the frequency that a substance is used d. restricting the use of a teratogenic substance

minimizing the negative consequences of substance use

One of the main functions of serotonin is a. stabilization of body temperature b. inhibition of the pain center c. reduction of the seizure threshold d. modulation of sleep

modulation of sleep

Which of the following has been identified as a nondrug factor that contributes to the individual response to drinking alcoholic beverages? a. social status b. mood c. room temperature d. activity

mood

Which of the following has the highest potential for dependence? a. morphine b. marijuana c. alcohol d. amphetamines

morphine

Which of the following is a schedule II substance based on the Controlled Substances Act? a. morphine b. alprazolam c. heroin d. secobarbital

morphine

Stimulation of the autonomic nervous system can cause a. difficulty learning b. muscle uncoordination c. emotional lability d. mouth dryness

mouth dryness

Commonly reported negative effects after using MDMA include a. muscle pain b. dry cough c. thirst d. hunger

muscle pain

Marijuana has been approved for the medical treatment of a. glaucoma. b. depression. c. appetite stimulation in anorexics. d. nausea caused by chemotherapy.

nausea caused by chemotherapy

Which of the following substances has typically been omitted when studying the economic cost of alcohol and drug use in the United States? a. inhalants b. caffeine c. sleep-aids d. nicotine

nicotine

Which of the following substances has been reported by substance users to intensify sexual pleasure? a. opioids b. alcohol c. solvents d. nitrites

nitrites

The effects of amphetamines may be produced due to the chemical similarity to a. norepinephrine b. glutamate c. heroin d. opium

norepinephrine

An individual who has a pattern of chronic, heavy ingestion of alcoholic beverages develops psychosis due to a. nutritional deficiencies b. recurrent head injuries c. chronic dehydration d. compromised cerebral blood flow

nutritional deficiencies

Which of the following has both a high level of physical dependence and a high level of psychological dependence? a. amphetamines b. benzodiazepines c. opium d. codeine

opium

Which of the following is the basis of using a breath sample to estimate the blood alcohol concentration (BAC)? a. elimination b. absorption c. metabolism d. oxidation

oxidation

One protective factor associated with the use of drugs by adolescents is a. participating in multiple extracurricular activities b. being a member of a social club c. having younger siblings d. living in a rural area

participating in multiple extracurricular activities

Which of the following has been identified as having a general influence on the repeat use of drugs? a. ethnic origin b. level of education c. economic status d. personality

personality

Which of the following occurs less often with intranasal use of cocaine? a. tolerance b. physiological dependence c. constriction of blood vessels d. hypertension

physiological dependence

Drinking an alcoholic beverage to counteract the effects of a hangover from drinking alcoholic beverages may contribute to heavy use of alcohol due to which of the following effects? a. liver damage b. brain damage c. positive reinforcement d. negative reinforcement

positive reinforcement

Anticholinergic hallucinogens are naturally occurring in which of the following food families? a. mushroom b. poppy c. potato d. nutmeg

potato

Which of the following can be determined using the dose-response (dose-effect) curve? a. addictive potential b. potency c. affinity for the receptor site d. rates of excretion

potency

The criminal activity most associated with heroin addicts is a. carjacking. b. forgery. c. smuggling. d. prostitution.

prostitution.

Which of the following substances may have a use in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder? a. Adipex b. psilocybin c. morphine d. caffeine

psilocybin

Which of the following terms may be used to describe an individual who spends a large amount of time seeking drugs? a. physical addiction b. anhedonia c. psychological dependence d. substance abuse

psychological dependence

Most inpatient treatment programs for substance abuse are based on a. biology b. neurology c. psychology d. sociology

psychology

Hallucinogens were initially used as an adjunct to a. chemotherapy b. psychotherapy c. neurosurgery d. cardiac surgery

psychotherapy

The stages of change model is useful with substance abuse treatment programs because this model addresses the individual's a. biological adaptability b. readiness to change c. specific pattern of substance use d. chronicity of substance use

readiness to change

Which of the following is included in the diagnostic criteria for substance abuse? a. the substance is taken over a longer period than was intended b. evidence of tolerance associated with increased intake of the substance c. recurrent substance use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligations d. persistent desire to control the intake of the substance

recurrent substance use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligations

Alcohol is commonly applied to the skin to achieve which of the following effects? a. reduce fever b. stimulate circulation c. moisten dry areas d. reduce pain

reduce fever

A person who smokes one marijuana cigarette will most likely experience a. agitation. b. relaxation. c. hallucinations. d. alertness.

relaxation

Which of the following is commonly associated with excessive doses of opioids? a. temperature instability b. muscle paralysis c. pupil dilation d. respiratory depression

respiratory depression

The dose-response (dose-effect) curve for a substance is a method to evaluate the a. risk of physical dependence based on the frequency of substance use b. length of time the substance can be measured in body tissues c. effect of age on the effect of a substance on the average individual d. response of an individual to a measured amount of a specific substance

response of an individual to a measured amount of a specific substance

The Biologic Model of the cause of substance use supports which of the following treatments? a. legal punishment associated with substance use b. confrontation regarding substance use c. taxes on substances such as alcohol d. risk identification associated with substances

risk identification associated with substances

The bioavailability of a drug is affected by the a. dose that is taken b. route of administration c. site of metabolism d. rate of excretion

route of administration

Which of the following alcoholic beverages is classified as a liqueur? a. schnapps b. extra dry champagne c. fruit-flavored ale d. wine coolers

schnapps

Which of the following occurs at a low rate when opioids are used for medical purposes? a. dizziness b. sedation c. constipation d. analgesia

sedation

Which of the following is an example of synesthesia? a. seeing music b. hearing voices c. feeling the skin crawl d. experiencing the taste of metal

seeing music

LSD-like substances mimic the action of which of the following neurotransmitters? a. serotonin b. acetylcholine c. glutamate d. GABA

serotonin

Which of the following is a source of alcohol that is commonly consumed if an individual who is dependent on alcohol is unable to obtain an alcoholic beverage? a. shaving lotion b. toothpaste c. deodorant d. liquid soap

shaving lotion

Which of the following is a property of some CNS depressants that has contributed to the development of psychological dependence? a. high levels of lipid-solubility b. low levels of lipid-solubility c. short onset of action d. long duration of action

short onset of action

Which of the following is commonly associated with high-dose exposure to inhalants? a. dry mucus membranes b. decreased pupil size c. increased hunger d. slurred speech

slurred speech

Cocaine is categorized as a a. stimulant. b. ddepressant. c. hallucinogen. d. psychotherapeutic.

stimulant

Drugs in which of the following classifications are also used medically for weight management? a. stimulants b. opioids c. CNS depressants d. inhalants

stimulants

State-dependent learning is a phenomenon associated with which of the following classification of substances? a. inhalants b. opioids c. CNS depressants d. stimulants

stimulants

Alcoholic beverages have been given in small amounts to geriatric-aged individuals to a. suppress gastric acid b. stimulate the appetite c. dilate superficial vessels d. minimize memory loss

stimulate the appetite

Which of the following is believed to be the mode of action of amphetamines? a. stimulation of the release of neurotransmitters b. inhibition of the release of neurotransmitters c. induction of hepatic enzymes d. suppression of hepatic enzymes

stimulation of the release of neurotransmitters

Which of the following is often associated with the onset of flashbacks for an individual who has previously used LSD? a. REM sleep b. smoking tobacco c. stress d. caffeine

stress

Indicators of heavy drinking and alcohol-related arrests in the United States have been significantly correlated with a. enrollment in after school programs b. religiosity c. alcohol sales statistics d. stress index

stress index

Which of the following routes of drug administration has the slowest rate of absorption? a. oral b. subcutaneous c. intramuscular d. intravenous

subcutaneous

Medical uses of opioids include which of the following? a. prevention of congestion b. treatment of diarrhea c. management of dizziness d. dilation of pupils

treatment of diarrhea

Which of the following herbs is reported to have sedative-hypnotic properties that enhance sleep? a. ginger b. garlic c. valerian d. rose hips

valerian

Alcohol-sensitizing drugs cause which of the following effects if alcohol is consumed while taking the drug? a. hypotension b. euphoria c. vomiting d. sedation

vomiting

Which of the following is a common effect of heroin when injected by individuals who abuse heroin? a. itching b. vomiting c. sweating d. laughing

vomiting

Which of the following occurs when alcohol is ingested at low levels on a regular basis and the typical pattern of food intake remains the same? a. vitamin deficiency b. elevated blood sugar c. appetite suppression d. weight gain

weight gain

Which of the following does NOT impact the effect of a substance on a user's health? a. the method used to introduce the substance into the body b. where the substance is acquired c. the amount of substance used d. where the user is when the substance is used

where the substance is acquired

Most users of inhalants are a. old b. young c. male d. female

young