dystonia

Types of segmental dystonia

hemidystonia (arm and leg of 1 side) multifocal dystonia (affects may different part of the body) generalized dystonia (affects most of the body; frequently involves legs and back)

Prognosis of dystonia

no way to predict symptoms fluctuate -stabilization is usually seen in 5 years

Focal Dystonia is ....

specific dystonia that affects isolated body parts

Dystonia is

- a neurological movement disorder that produces a variety of abnormal movements in the body -involves sustained muscle contractions that cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures

S/S of spasmodic dysphonia

-3 types abductor, adductor, and mixed -voice sounds broken or whisper -most relevant dystonia to voice disorder

Intervention/ Treatment for dystonia

-Dworkin bite block -Medication -Botox injections -Physical Therapy -surgery -stress management -biofeedback

S/S of dystonia

-abnormal posturing -muscle spasms (involuntary movements) -continuous pain -imprecise muscle coordination

Secondary Etiology of Dystonia

-brain damage or diseases -chemical imbalance -trauma -drug induced

Evaluation/Instrumentation for dystonia

-diagnosis based on information from patients, physical exam, and neurological examinations -difficult to diagnosis -gene testing for children -seen in parkinsons, huntingtons, and ALS

S/S of Oromandibular dystonia

-distortions of tongue and mouth -difficulty opening mouth -clenching or grinding teeth -spasms of jaw opening -sideways deviation of the jaw -lip tightening and pursing -dysarthric symptoms -difficulty eating and drinking

Primary Etiology of Dystonia

-pathology in CNS, oriented in parts of brain controlling motor function, basal ganglia -can be hereditary

S/S of Blepharospasm

-rapid blinking of eyes -forced closure causing blindness -light sensitivity

S/S spasmodic torticollis

-reduced pitch range -reduced s to z ratio -reduced phonation reaction time -reduced Diadochokinesis rate - high jitter and shimmer -lower than normal harmonic to noise ratio -head may tilt or turn in a jerky movement

S/S of Meige's syndrome

-variation of oromandibular involving blepharospasm -writhing and undulating movements of facial region -sustained and fluctuating contractions of: velum, pharynx, esophagus, and respiratory structures -motor speech impairment

Types of Dystonia

1- Focal 2- segmental

Segmental Dystonia is .....

2 or more focal dystonias exsists

Types of focal dystonia

Blepharospasm (eyelids) Oromandibular (mouth region) Spasmodic toricollis (neck) writer's cramp (arm) adductor or abductor spasmodic dysphonia (larynx)

Is dystonia degenerative

No dystonia is not degenerative