Psychology Test Ch. 8
46. Which of the following is an example of a perceptual barrier that hinders problem solving? a. A beginning composer concentrates on using harmonious notes in a melody without seeing that dissonant notes can also be a part of a music piece. b. A house painter doesn't have any clean paint trays and fails to see that a baking dish could be used as a paint tray. c. A boss at a produce farm wants to improve employee hand washing but becomes confused when employees offer unrealistic solutions as they goof around while brainstorming. d. A fashion designer doesn't try an "outside the box" design due to fearing that other fashion designers will think it is silly.
A fashion designer doesn't try an "outside the box" design due to fearing that other fashion designers will think it is silly
39. Which of the following best describes the process of encoding? a. Paying attention to information that is presented b. Transforming information for retention in memory c. Breaking long information strings into smaller bits d. Accessing information that is stored in memory
Accessing information that is stored in memory
38. What enables information to move from sensory memory into short-term memory? a. Consolidation b. Attention c. Maintenance rehearsal d. Elaborative rehearsal
Attention
28. Which of the following refers to quick and relatively effortless thinking based on experience with similar problems? a. Automatic processing b. Convergent thinking c. Intuitive thought d. Brainstorming
Automatic processing
36. Which of the following refers to quick and relatively effortless thinking based on experience with similar problems? a. Automatic processing b. Convergent thinking c. Intuitive thought d. Brainstorming
Automatic processing
11. Who developed the first IQ test? A. Ebbinghaus and Thorndike. B.Binet and Simon. C. Calkins and Washburn. D. James and Lange.
Binet and Simon.
35. In the context of insight, what is selective encoding? a. Choosing information that is relevant to a problem while ignoring distractions b. Bringing together seemingly unrelated bits of useful information c. Comparing new problems with old information or with problems already solved d. Identifying how the current situation differs from the desired goal
Choosing information that is relevant to a problem while ignoring distractions
33. Which of the following describes deductive thought? a. Drawing conclusions by proceeding from general principles to specific situations b. Producing as many ideas as possible before applying evaluation criteria c. Arriving at a problem solution by applvina a series of step-by-step rules d. Using a shortcut or "rule of thumb" for finding a solution to a problem
Drawing conclusions by proceeding from general principles to specific situations
32. Which of the following describes inductive thought? a. Drawing conclusions by proceeding from specific information to general principles b. Achieving a problem solution by following a series of step-by-step rules c. Reducing the number of alternatives that thinkers of a problem must consider d. Applying potential solutions in a generally random, trial-and-error approach
Drawing conclusions by proceeding from specific information to general principles
19. Where would the memory of how to ride a bike be stored? a. Declarative memory b. Semantic memory d. Episodic memory
Episodic memory
40. Which of the following is best supported by Ebbinghaus' research on forgetting? a. It shows that more than 30 percent of what is learned is remembered after two days. b. It explains why forgetting from long-term memory occurs. c. It suggests that you should cram before a test because a short delay minimizes forgetting. d. It shows that forgetting is rapid at first and is followed by a slow decline.
It explains why forgetting from long-term memory occurs.
7. What is the main assumption of Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences? A. People have a number of unrelated forms of intelligence. B. All types of intelligence are positively correlated with one another C. Intelligence is controlled by unconscious and unmeasurable cognitive processes. D. A single "g" factor is present in all types of intelligence.
People have a number of unrelated forms of intelligence.
14. what does it mean to say that a test has been standardized? A. People who get a high score the first time they take the test will probably get a high score the second time also. B. Psychologists have established rules for administering the test and interpreting its scores. C. Scores on this test correlate positively with performance on some other task. D. The content of this test is a good representation of the field the test is supposed to deal with.
Psychologists have established rules for administering the test and interpreting its scores.
37.Hearing an old song that triggers a memory, which in turn triggers further associated memories, is an example of a. redintegration b. positive transfer c. priming d. Chunking
Redintegration
23. The concept of disuse is closely associated with which aspect of memory? a. Relearning b. Retrieval c. Encoding d. Attention
Relearning
8. The researcher associated with developing the triarchic theory is A. Raymond Cattell B. Francis Crick C. Alan Turing D. Robert Sternberg
Robert Sternberg
47. A person "remembers" going to a concert with John years ago. In reality, the person went to the concert with Ronnie, but lived on the same dorm floor as John. This is an example of Implicit memory Source confusion Encoding failure reintegration
Source confusion
3.Certain IQ tests, such as the WISC-IV, include separate tests for specialized abilities. Scores on all those separate tests are positively correlated with one another. These positive correlations are considered evidence in favor of A. Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence. B. Spearman's "g" factor. C.Cattell's distinction between fluid and crystallized intelligence. D. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
Spearman's "g" factor.
21. Which of the following best describes explicit memory? a. Stored information that cannot be forgotten b. Stored information about an intense experience c. Stored information focused on specific skills d. Stored information that is consciously retrieved
Stored information about an intense experience
22. Which of the following plays a key role in transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory? a. The frontal lobe b. The hippocampus c. The cerebellum d. The pons
The hippocampus
27.Which of the following describes semantics? a. The study of meaning in words and language b. The idea that words reflect our thoughts and behaviors c. The accepted sequence of steps to solve a problem d. The rules for combining sounds and words to create meaning
The study of meaning in words and language
20. Which of the following best describes the process of encoding? a. Paying attention to information that is presented b. Transforming information for retention in memory c. Breaking long information strings into smaller bits d. Accessing information that is stored in memory
Transforming information for retention in memory
34. Which of the following best reflects a random search strategy to solving a problem? a. Trial-and-error b. Step-by-step rules c. Rules-of-thumb d. Fluency and flexibility
Trial-and-error
42. Which of the following best describes suppression? a. Forgetting incidents occurring after a trauma b. Forgetting incidents occurring before a trauma c. Consciously keeping memories from awareness d. Unconsciously burying unpleasant memories failure.
Unconsciously burying unpleasant memories failure.
31. Which one of the following best describes the concept of logical thought? a. Using given information and explicit rules to reach new conclusions b. Combining possible ideas originating from a single starting point in new ways c. Applying a shortcut or "rule of thumb" to determine a problem solution d. Applying possible problem solutions in a somewhat random approach
Using given information and explicit rules to reach new conclusions
12. What does the abbreviation WAIS stand for? A.Wechsler Ambition and Interest Syllabus B. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale C.Wechsler Aptitude Inventory for Students D. Wechsler Alternative Interview Style
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
26. Which of the following best describes the concept of language? a. Words or symbols and the rules for combining them b. Movements used to communicate c. Thinking converted into verbal sound d. Verbal sounds combined with body movements
Words or symbols and the rules for combining them
9.Aptitude tests attempt to measure A. social skills... academic skills B. academic skills... social skills C. ability to learn.. skills and knowledge already learned D. skills and knowledge already learned....... ability to learn
ability to learn.. skills and knowledge already learned
5. What is meant by crystallized intelligence? A. intelligence that increases and decreases from time to time B. intelligence that is present in the same amount at all times C. the ability to reason, use information, and gain new knowledge D. acquired knowledge and the application of that knowledge to familiar problems
acquired knowledge and the application of that knowledge to familiar problems
1. What does "psychometric" mean? A. based on theory B. based on measurements of individual differences C. based on an analysis of motivation and emotion D. based on the study of intelligence
based on measurements of individual differences
24 A basic unit of thought is defined as a a. concept b. morpheme c. heuristic d. Prototype
concept
44.A basic unit of thought is defined as a a.concept b. morphene c. heuristic d. Prototype
concept
6.According to Cattell, if we examine the intelligence of a person at age 20 and again at age 50, we are most likely to find A. consistent levels of both fluid and crystallized intelligence. B. gradually increasing levels of fluid intelligence. C. decreasing fluid intelligence, but steady or increasing crystallized intelligence. D. gradual declines in both fluid and crystallized intelligence.
decreasing fluid intelligence, but steady or increasing crystallized intelligence.
30. Thinking that is more or less unconscious, automatic, and effortless is called a. experiential processing b. framing c. concept formation d. all-or-nothing thinking
experiential processing
2. When Spearman described the "g" factor in intelligence, what did the "g' 'stand for A. general B. gifted C. genetic D. group
general
25.An image formulated from sensory input from the muscles is defined as bein a. kinesthetic b. experiential c. visuospatial d. Conjunctive
kinesthetic
15. The increase in raw IQ scores known as the Flynn effect has been shown to occur A. only in European Americans and not in other ethnic groups. B. in men, but not in women. C. in every country where it has been investigated. D. only within the last 20 years.
only in European Americans and not in other ethnic groups
18.Hearing an old song that triggers a memory, which in turn triggers further associated memories, is an example of a. redintegration b. positive transter c. priming d. Chunking
priming
45. In the context of problem solving, understanding a. refers to a deeper comprehension of the problem b. defines the requirements for the problem solution c. triggers a sudden mental reorganization of a problem d. produces a rule of thumb for solving the problem
refers to a deeper comprehension of the problem
43. To determine the number of items in your grocery cart, you likely have to deliberately concentrate and engage in a. reflective processing b. experiential processing c. concept formation d. mental imagery
reflective processing
16.A psychologist who gives a group of people the same test several times is probably trying to measure the of the test. A. validity B. standard deviation C. reliability D. utility
reliability
41. The lack of appropriate cues can lead to forgetting as a result of a. encoding b. retrieval c. attention d. Storage
retrieval
29. The process of planning how to study for a test involves deliberate concentration and engagement in a. reflective processing b. rote memorization c. massed practice d. intuitive insight
rote memorization
4. What is meant by fluid intelligence? A. the ability to reason, use knowledge, and gain more information B. intelligence that is present in the same amount at all times C. intelligence that increases and decreases from time to time D. acquired skills and knowledge and the application of that knowledge to familiar problems
the ability to reason, use knowledge, and gain more information
17.If a test has low validity, then A. people who score high one time will get a below-average score the next time. B. people who score high one time will get just an average score the next time. C. the test does not measure what it is supposed to measure. D. the questions have not yet been standardized on a large population.
the test does not measure what it is supposed to measure.
10. What was the original reason for developing IQ tests? A. to measure innate ability B. to study brain development C. to predict school performance D. to help discover what intelligence really is
to predict school performance
13.What evidence do most studies of heritability of human intelligence consider? A.changes on the average from one generation to the next B.differences between one culture and another C. increase of intelligence as children grow older D. twins and adopted children
twins and adopted children