Psychology Test Ch. 8

46. Which of the following is an example of a perceptual barrier that hinders problem solving? a. A beginning composer concentrates on using harmonious notes in a melody without seeing that dissonant notes can also be a part of a music piece. b. A house painter doesn't have any clean paint trays and fails to see that a baking dish could be used as a paint tray. c. A boss at a produce farm wants to improve employee hand washing but becomes confused when employees offer unrealistic solutions as they goof around while brainstorming. d. A fashion designer doesn't try an "outside the box" design due to fearing that other fashion designers will think it is silly.

A fashion designer doesn't try an "outside the box" design due to fearing that other fashion designers will think it is silly

39. Which of the following best describes the process of encoding? a. Paying attention to information that is presented b. Transforming information for retention in memory c. Breaking long information strings into smaller bits d. Accessing information that is stored in memory

Accessing information that is stored in memory

38. What enables information to move from sensory memory into short-term memory? a. Consolidation b. Attention c. Maintenance rehearsal d. Elaborative rehearsal

Attention

28. Which of the following refers to quick and relatively effortless thinking based on experience with similar problems? a. Automatic processing b. Convergent thinking c. Intuitive thought d. Brainstorming

Automatic processing

36. Which of the following refers to quick and relatively effortless thinking based on experience with similar problems? a. Automatic processing b. Convergent thinking c. Intuitive thought d. Brainstorming

Automatic processing

11. Who developed the first IQ test? A. Ebbinghaus and Thorndike. B.Binet and Simon. C. Calkins and Washburn. D. James and Lange.

Binet and Simon.

35. In the context of insight, what is selective encoding? a. Choosing information that is relevant to a problem while ignoring distractions b. Bringing together seemingly unrelated bits of useful information c. Comparing new problems with old information or with problems already solved d. Identifying how the current situation differs from the desired goal

Choosing information that is relevant to a problem while ignoring distractions

33. Which of the following describes deductive thought? a. Drawing conclusions by proceeding from general principles to specific situations b. Producing as many ideas as possible before applying evaluation criteria c. Arriving at a problem solution by applvina a series of step-by-step rules d. Using a shortcut or "rule of thumb" for finding a solution to a problem

Drawing conclusions by proceeding from general principles to specific situations

32. Which of the following describes inductive thought? a. Drawing conclusions by proceeding from specific information to general principles b. Achieving a problem solution by following a series of step-by-step rules c. Reducing the number of alternatives that thinkers of a problem must consider d. Applying potential solutions in a generally random, trial-and-error approach

Drawing conclusions by proceeding from specific information to general principles

19. Where would the memory of how to ride a bike be stored? a. Declarative memory b. Semantic memory d. Episodic memory

Episodic memory

40. Which of the following is best supported by Ebbinghaus' research on forgetting? a. It shows that more than 30 percent of what is learned is remembered after two days. b. It explains why forgetting from long-term memory occurs. c. It suggests that you should cram before a test because a short delay minimizes forgetting. d. It shows that forgetting is rapid at first and is followed by a slow decline.

It explains why forgetting from long-term memory occurs.

7. What is the main assumption of Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences? A. People have a number of unrelated forms of intelligence. B. All types of intelligence are positively correlated with one another C. Intelligence is controlled by unconscious and unmeasurable cognitive processes. D. A single "g" factor is present in all types of intelligence.

People have a number of unrelated forms of intelligence.

14. what does it mean to say that a test has been standardized? A. People who get a high score the first time they take the test will probably get a high score the second time also. B. Psychologists have established rules for administering the test and interpreting its scores. C. Scores on this test correlate positively with performance on some other task. D. The content of this test is a good representation of the field the test is supposed to deal with.

Psychologists have established rules for administering the test and interpreting its scores.

37.Hearing an old song that triggers a memory, which in turn triggers further associated memories, is an example of a. redintegration b. positive transfer c. priming d. Chunking

Redintegration

23. The concept of disuse is closely associated with which aspect of memory? a. Relearning b. Retrieval c. Encoding d. Attention

Relearning

8. The researcher associated with developing the triarchic theory is A. Raymond Cattell B. Francis Crick C. Alan Turing D. Robert Sternberg

Robert Sternberg

47. A person "remembers" going to a concert with John years ago. In reality, the person went to the concert with Ronnie, but lived on the same dorm floor as John. This is an example of Implicit memory Source confusion Encoding failure reintegration

Source confusion

3.Certain IQ tests, such as the WISC-IV, include separate tests for specialized abilities. Scores on all those separate tests are positively correlated with one another. These positive correlations are considered evidence in favor of A. Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence. B. Spearman's "g" factor. C.Cattell's distinction between fluid and crystallized intelligence. D. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.

Spearman's "g" factor.

21. Which of the following best describes explicit memory? a. Stored information that cannot be forgotten b. Stored information about an intense experience c. Stored information focused on specific skills d. Stored information that is consciously retrieved

Stored information about an intense experience

22. Which of the following plays a key role in transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory? a. The frontal lobe b. The hippocampus c. The cerebellum d. The pons

The hippocampus

27.Which of the following describes semantics? a. The study of meaning in words and language b. The idea that words reflect our thoughts and behaviors c. The accepted sequence of steps to solve a problem d. The rules for combining sounds and words to create meaning

The study of meaning in words and language

20. Which of the following best describes the process of encoding? a. Paying attention to information that is presented b. Transforming information for retention in memory c. Breaking long information strings into smaller bits d. Accessing information that is stored in memory

Transforming information for retention in memory

34. Which of the following best reflects a random search strategy to solving a problem? a. Trial-and-error b. Step-by-step rules c. Rules-of-thumb d. Fluency and flexibility

Trial-and-error

42. Which of the following best describes suppression? a. Forgetting incidents occurring after a trauma b. Forgetting incidents occurring before a trauma c. Consciously keeping memories from awareness d. Unconsciously burying unpleasant memories failure.

Unconsciously burying unpleasant memories failure.

31. Which one of the following best describes the concept of logical thought? a. Using given information and explicit rules to reach new conclusions b. Combining possible ideas originating from a single starting point in new ways c. Applying a shortcut or "rule of thumb" to determine a problem solution d. Applying possible problem solutions in a somewhat random approach

Using given information and explicit rules to reach new conclusions

12. What does the abbreviation WAIS stand for? A.Wechsler Ambition and Interest Syllabus B. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale C.Wechsler Aptitude Inventory for Students D. Wechsler Alternative Interview Style

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

26. Which of the following best describes the concept of language? a. Words or symbols and the rules for combining them b. Movements used to communicate c. Thinking converted into verbal sound d. Verbal sounds combined with body movements

Words or symbols and the rules for combining them

9.Aptitude tests attempt to measure A. social skills... academic skills B. academic skills... social skills C. ability to learn.. skills and knowledge already learned D. skills and knowledge already learned....... ability to learn

ability to learn.. skills and knowledge already learned

5. What is meant by crystallized intelligence? A. intelligence that increases and decreases from time to time B. intelligence that is present in the same amount at all times C. the ability to reason, use information, and gain new knowledge D. acquired knowledge and the application of that knowledge to familiar problems

acquired knowledge and the application of that knowledge to familiar problems

1. What does "psychometric" mean? A. based on theory B. based on measurements of individual differences C. based on an analysis of motivation and emotion D. based on the study of intelligence

based on measurements of individual differences

24 A basic unit of thought is defined as a a. concept b. morpheme c. heuristic d. Prototype

concept

44.A basic unit of thought is defined as a a.concept b. morphene c. heuristic d. Prototype

concept

6.According to Cattell, if we examine the intelligence of a person at age 20 and again at age 50, we are most likely to find A. consistent levels of both fluid and crystallized intelligence. B. gradually increasing levels of fluid intelligence. C. decreasing fluid intelligence, but steady or increasing crystallized intelligence. D. gradual declines in both fluid and crystallized intelligence.

decreasing fluid intelligence, but steady or increasing crystallized intelligence.

30. Thinking that is more or less unconscious, automatic, and effortless is called a. experiential processing b. framing c. concept formation d. all-or-nothing thinking

experiential processing

2. When Spearman described the "g" factor in intelligence, what did the "g' 'stand for A. general B. gifted C. genetic D. group

general

25.An image formulated from sensory input from the muscles is defined as bein a. kinesthetic b. experiential c. visuospatial d. Conjunctive

kinesthetic

15. The increase in raw IQ scores known as the Flynn effect has been shown to occur A. only in European Americans and not in other ethnic groups. B. in men, but not in women. C. in every country where it has been investigated. D. only within the last 20 years.

only in European Americans and not in other ethnic groups

18.Hearing an old song that triggers a memory, which in turn triggers further associated memories, is an example of a. redintegration b. positive transter c. priming d. Chunking

priming

45. In the context of problem solving, understanding a. refers to a deeper comprehension of the problem b. defines the requirements for the problem solution c. triggers a sudden mental reorganization of a problem d. produces a rule of thumb for solving the problem

refers to a deeper comprehension of the problem

43. To determine the number of items in your grocery cart, you likely have to deliberately concentrate and engage in a. reflective processing b. experiential processing c. concept formation d. mental imagery

reflective processing

16.A psychologist who gives a group of people the same test several times is probably trying to measure the of the test. A. validity B. standard deviation C. reliability D. utility

reliability

41. The lack of appropriate cues can lead to forgetting as a result of a. encoding b. retrieval c. attention d. Storage

retrieval

29. The process of planning how to study for a test involves deliberate concentration and engagement in a. reflective processing b. rote memorization c. massed practice d. intuitive insight

rote memorization

4. What is meant by fluid intelligence? A. the ability to reason, use knowledge, and gain more information B. intelligence that is present in the same amount at all times C. intelligence that increases and decreases from time to time D. acquired skills and knowledge and the application of that knowledge to familiar problems

the ability to reason, use knowledge, and gain more information

17.If a test has low validity, then A. people who score high one time will get a below-average score the next time. B. people who score high one time will get just an average score the next time. C. the test does not measure what it is supposed to measure. D. the questions have not yet been standardized on a large population.

the test does not measure what it is supposed to measure.

10. What was the original reason for developing IQ tests? A. to measure innate ability B. to study brain development C. to predict school performance D. to help discover what intelligence really is

to predict school performance

13.What evidence do most studies of heritability of human intelligence consider? A.changes on the average from one generation to the next B.differences between one culture and another C. increase of intelligence as children grow older D. twins and adopted children

twins and adopted children