EAQ Patho Exam 1

Which type of immunity will clients acquire through immunizations with live or killed vaccines? Natural active immunity Artificial active immunity Natural passive immunity Artificial passive immunity

Artificial active immunity

Which action is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? Reduces blood volume Decreases water loss in urine Increases urine output Initiates the thirst mechanism

Decreases water loss in urine

What clinical finding does a nurse anticipate when admitting a client with an extracellular fluid volume excess? Rapid, thready pulse Distended jugular veins Elevated hematocrit level Increased serum sodium level

Distended jugular veins

Which disease increases the risk of hyperkalemia? Crohn disease Cushing disease End-stage renal disease Gastroesophageal reflux disease

End-stage renal disease

The parent of an infant with Down syndrome asks the cause. Before responding, the nurse recalls that the genetic factor of Down syndrome results from which finding? An intrauterine infection An X-linked genetic disorder Extra chromosomal material An autosomal recessive gene

Extra chromosomal material

A client with a femoral fracture and osteomyelitis is immobilized for 3 weeks. Which rationale explains the nurse's plan to assess for the development of renal calculi? The client's dietary patterns have changed since admission. The client has more difficulty urinating in a supine position. Lack of weight-bearing activity promotes bone demineralization. Fracture healing requires more calcium, which increases calcium metabolism.

Lack of weight-bearing activity promotes bone demineralization.

Which type of immunity is acquired through the transfer of colostrum from the mother to the child? Natural active immunity Artificial active immunity Natural passive immunity Artificial passive immunity

Natural passive immunity

Which organism would the nurse suspect is responsible when a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reports dyspnea on exertion, increased heart rate, a persistent dry cough, and a persistent low-grade fever with bilateral crackles auscultated in the lower lung lobes: Cryptosporidium Candida albicans Toxoplasma gondii Pneumocystis jiroveci

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Which process is the origin of metabolic acidosis caused by aspirin toxicity? Deep, rapid breathing Higher pH of gastric contents Rapid absorption of salicylate Increased renal excretion of bicarbonate

Rapid absorption of salicylate

Which type of acid-base imbalance would the nurse expect in a child admitted with a severe asthma exacerbation? Metabolic alkalosis caused by excessive production of acid metabolites Respiratory alkalosis caused by accelerated respirations and loss of carbon dioxide Respiratory acidosis caused by impaired respirations and increased formation of carbonic acid Metabolic acidosis caused by the kidneys' inability to compensate for increased carbonic acid formation

Respiratory acidosis caused by impaired respirations and increased formation of carbonic acid

Which ion is the regulator of extracellular osmolarity? Sodium Potassium Chloride Calcium

sodium

Which cellular response may have occurred in a client exhibiting the clinical manifestations of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction? Angioedema Allergic rhinitis Contact dermatitis Goodpasture syndrome

Allergic rhinitis

Which information would the nurse provide a client about tertiary prevention? Select all that apply. Focuses on preventing complications of illness Helps clients achieve as high a level of functioning as possible Aims at minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability Applied when the client is physically and emotionally healthy Activities are aimed at diagnosis and treatment instead of rehabilitation

Focuses on preventing complications of illness Helps clients achieve as high a level of functioning as possible Aims at minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability

The parents of a child with sickle cell anemia (SCA) tell the nurse, "We have never had any symptoms of SCA and do not understand why our child has this problem." Which information will the nurse include when teaching the parents? SCA is caused by a random genetic mutation with no known cause. People who are carriers of SCA may not have symptoms, but all of their children will have SCA. If both parents are carriers of SCA, there is a 25% chance that offspring will have SCA. When a child is born with SCA, genetic testing of both parents is needed to determine if they have sickle cell trait.

If both parents are carriers of SCA, there is a 25% chance that offspring will have SCA.

The nurse would identify which anomaly as possibly being observed when a fetus is exposed to a teratogen during the embryonic development? Death of the fetus Normal growth of the fetus Improper functioning of the fetus Improper development of the organs

Improper development of the organs

A client is admitted with severe diarrhea that resulted in hypokalemia. The nurse would monitor for which clinical manifestations of the electrolyte deficiency? Select all that apply. Diplopia Skin rash Leg cramps Tachycardia Muscle weakness

Leg cramps Muscle weakness

Which action would the nurse instruct an older client to implement to ensure antibody-mediated immunity? Select all that apply. Obtain a shingles vaccination. Receive a tetanus booster injection. Obtain the pneumococcal vaccination. Receive annual testing for tuberculosis. Receive an annual influenza vaccination. Avoid obtaining the pertussis vaccination.

Obtain a shingles vaccination. Receive a tetanus booster injection. Obtain the pneumococcal vaccination. Receive an annual influenza vaccination.

Which factor would cause the nurse to identify an illness as chronic? Select all that apply. The illness is reversible and often severe. The illness persists for longer than 6 months. The client may develop a life-threatening relapse. The symptoms are intense and appear abruptly. The illness affects the functioning of one or more systems.

The illness persists for longer than 6 months. The client may develop a life-threatening relapse. The illness affects the functioning of one or more systems

Which parent education would the nurse provide the pregnant mother whose son was recently diagnosed with hemophilia about the chances that her next child will also be affected? There is a 5% chance that the baby will be affected. There is a 25% chance that the baby will be affected. There is a 50% chance that the baby will be affected. There is a 75% chance that the baby will be affected.

There is a 25% chance that the baby will be affected.

The nurse anticipates that a child born with a missing chromosome is most likely to have which condition? Cretinism Phenylketonuria Down syndrome Turner syndrome

Turner syndrome

The nurse instructs a client that, in addition to building bones and teeth, calcium is also important for which process? Bile production Blood production Blood clotting Digestion of fats

blood clotting

The nurse is caring for a surgical client who develops a wound infection during hospitalization. Which classification would this infection belong to? primary secondary superinfection nosocomial

nosocomial

Which blood gas report most likely reflects the acid-base balance of an infant with severe dehydration? pH of 7.50 and Pcoz of 34 mm Hg pH of 7.23 and Pco2 of 70 mm Hg pH of 7.20 and HCO3 of 20 mEq/L (20 mmol/L) pH of 7.56 and HCOz of 30 mEq/L (30 mmol/L)

pH of 7.20 and HCO3 of 20 mEq/L (20 mmol/L)

The couple in the fertility clinic has learned that one of them carries a gene for a serious condition and that the other parent does not carry the gene. They have been told that there is a 50% chance that their child will have this condition. Which pattern of genetic inheritance is this? X-linked recessive Autosomal recessive Autosomal dominant Chromosomal trisomy

Autosomal dominant

The nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of a treatment for a client with excessive fluid volume. Which clinical finding indicates that treatment was successful? Clear breath sounds Positive pedal pulses Normal potassium level Decreased urine specific gravity

Clear breath sounds

Which factor may contribute to a client developing urinary calculi? Increased fluid intake Urine specific gravity of 1.017 Jogging 3 miles (4.8 km) a day History of hyperparathyroidism

History of hyperparathyroidism

A client sustained minor skin injuries after an accident. Which event occurs close to the time of injury? Thinning of the scar tissue Formation of granulation tissue Migration of leukocytes to the site of injury Arrival of fibroblasts to the site of infection

Migration of leukocytes to the site of injury