earth science

Clastic Sedimentary Rocks

(clastic fragments)

Organic Sedimentary Rock

All are the products of Weathering - that breaks up and decays rocks, and Erosion - that transports from source to point of deposition

Mineralogy

Constituent minerals and their relative proportions.

Sedimentary

Deposited and buried at Earth's surface.

Regional Metamorphism

High pressures and temperatures derive from regional collision, deformation and mountain building

Contact Metamorphism

Locally high temperatures, adjacent to intrusions.

Texture

Sizes, shapes, and arrangements of minerals within the rock,

Igneous

Solidified from molten rock

Metamorphic

Transformed from preexisting rocks under high pressure and temperature.

Foliated

aka banding

extrusive rock

aka volcanic rock

High temperatures and pressures

at depth cause changes in mineralogy, texture, and composition

Extrusive rocks

cool rapidly at (or near) the surface of the earth

Intrusive rocks

cool slowly within deep magma chambers

mafic magma

hotter, thinner and more fluid like

Coarse-grained

large, visible crystals

Fine-grained

little to no crystals

sedimentary rock

quartz, clay minerals, feldspar, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, halite

metamorphic rock

quartz, feldspar, mica, garnet, pyroxene, staurolite, kyanite

igneous rocks

quartz, feldspar, mica, pyroxene, amphibole, olivine

igneous

silicates dominate, high melting temps., abundance of silicon

sedimentary

silicates, clays, carbonates, sulfates & halides

felsic magma

thick, slow moving, contains large amts of silica, light in quartz

chemical sedimentary rock

•Minerals precipitate from dissolved chemicals in water