earth science
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
(clastic fragments)
Organic Sedimentary Rock
All are the products of Weathering - that breaks up and decays rocks, and Erosion - that transports from source to point of deposition
Mineralogy
Constituent minerals and their relative proportions.
Sedimentary
Deposited and buried at Earth's surface.
Regional Metamorphism
High pressures and temperatures derive from regional collision, deformation and mountain building
Contact Metamorphism
Locally high temperatures, adjacent to intrusions.
Texture
Sizes, shapes, and arrangements of minerals within the rock,
Igneous
Solidified from molten rock
Metamorphic
Transformed from preexisting rocks under high pressure and temperature.
Foliated
aka banding
extrusive rock
aka volcanic rock
High temperatures and pressures
at depth cause changes in mineralogy, texture, and composition
Extrusive rocks
cool rapidly at (or near) the surface of the earth
Intrusive rocks
cool slowly within deep magma chambers
mafic magma
hotter, thinner and more fluid like
Coarse-grained
large, visible crystals
Fine-grained
little to no crystals
sedimentary rock
quartz, clay minerals, feldspar, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, halite
metamorphic rock
quartz, feldspar, mica, garnet, pyroxene, staurolite, kyanite
igneous rocks
quartz, feldspar, mica, pyroxene, amphibole, olivine
igneous
silicates dominate, high melting temps., abundance of silicon
sedimentary
silicates, clays, carbonates, sulfates & halides
felsic magma
thick, slow moving, contains large amts of silica, light in quartz
chemical sedimentary rock
•Minerals precipitate from dissolved chemicals in water
