Earth Science Final Pt. 2

Carbon sequestration

involves converting carbon dioxide gas to a liquid form for storage in the ocean or underground

The mantle is composed of

iron-rich silicate rocks.

The Keystone XL pipeline

is a hotly debated pipeline that would carry petroleum from Canada to the southern United States

With each pass of a comet about the Sun, its mass

is appreciably reduced.

Convergent boundaries are areas of

plate collision

The inner core is solid because

pressure from the weight of the surrounding layers prevents the inner core from melting.

Compared to the use of fossil fuels for generating electricity, wind energy

produces no exhaust pollutants and contributes little to global climate change

The energy bill passed by the U.S. Congress in 2007

raised the CAFE standard to 35 mpg for vehicles by the year 2020

Minerals that have strong bonds between flat crystal surfaces tend to

show poor cleavage.

"New renewables" are

solar, wind, geothermal

A mineral's hardness is dependent on the

strength of its chemical bonds.

What kind of forces act on the crust at divergent boundaries?

tensional forces that stretch the crust and generate a spreading center

One major advantage of using hydrogen fuel cells is

that the cells are nonpolluting

The largest problem with adopting the new technology of renewable resources is

that the start up costs may be high

The theory of plate tectonics states that

the lithosphere is broken up into several plates that move about as a result of convective motion in the asthenosphere

A major disadvantage of solar power is

the uneven distribution of sunshine around the world

Many developed nations have their economies closely tied to imported fossil fuels. One important consideration for those nations is that

their economy can be disrupted by the events and decisions made in fuel exporting nations

Petroleum and oil reserves are often found in sedimentary rocks because

these rocks can contain fossilized organic matter

Secondary extraction of petroleum

uses solvents, water, or steam; allows the oil to be extracted to the last drop;

Photovoltaic (PV) technology is best described as

using sunlight to generate electricity

One benefit of offshore wind farms is that

wind speeds are higher and turbulence is lower over water than over land

The percentage of the Earth's surface covered by ocean is about

70%.

Instead of only generating more electricity, rising energy demands may also be met by

increasing the efficiency of energy consumption

The evolution of life probably requires the presence of

a liquid medium

The predominant gas in the atmosphere of Venus is

carbon dioxide

What are Saturn's rings composed of

chunks of ice and rock

Oil shale deposits

contain organic kerogen which can be processed into petroleum

A polymorph can be defined as

minerals that have the same chemical formula, but different crystal structures.

A major obstacle to the establishment of wind farms near populated and scenic areas is

not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) syndrome

New lithosphere is formed at

ocean trenches.

Which one of the following is true of hydrogen fuel cell technology?

It has been used widely in NASA's spaceflight programs

________________has more natural gas reserves than any other country.

Russia

Rocks can begin to melt if

all of the above

Convergent boundaries are

all of these

Between which planets is the asteroid belt found?

between Mars and Jupiter

Energy conservation in the United States

can be improved as individuals make conscious choices to reduce personal consumption

A major advantage of hydrogen‑generated electricity over other new renewable energy sources is that it

can be produced where and when electricity is needed rather than being intermittent

Minerals are composed of

elements joined as compounds

When assessing energy resources, it is helpful to use a measure called EROI, which is

energy returned divided by energy invested