Earth Science test Chapter 17

Biological pollution

A serious threat of bacteria like E. coli(which means if scientists find E.Coli then here are probably other minerals present that are harmful)

Natural bridge

A short section of a solution cave's ceiling, left over after he rest of the cave collapsed

Sinkhole pond

A sinkhole filled with water

Shelfstone

A speleothem formed at the water's edge as a horizontally projecting ledge

True or false: Fresh water that does not flow to the sea or immediately evaporate back into the atmosphere is lost to the water cycle

False

True or false: Groundwater is pure water

False

True or false: Tower Karst topography is Below ground

False; above ground

Permeable

A property of rock and soil relating to the ability or water to move through pores and cracks in ground materials.

Hardness

A Mineral's ability to scratch and to resist scratching that relates to the strength of the crystal structure. It is rated in the moh's hardness scale and is a property used to identify minerals. In groundwater chemistry, a description of the amount of dissolved Minerals in groundwater. Harder water contains more dissolved minerals.

Speleothem

A cave formation made of precipitated minerals deposited by dripping or flowing groundwater; also called a SECONDARY LIMESTONE DEPOSIT.

Stalagmite

A conical speleothem that grows from a cave's floor; usually deposited from water dripping from an overhead stalactite

Karst topography

A distinct topography produced by the erosion and collapse of solution caves in thick strata of chemical sedimentary rocks;includes tower karst topography, sinkholes,Natural bridges, disappearing streams, stream less valleys, and solution caves.

Cave

A naturally occurring underground space.

Tower karst topography

After collapse of the caves and extensive erosion, tall tower-like hills litter he countryside. These are all that remain of the original limestone strata

Stalactite

An icicle- like speleothem that hangs down from a cave's ceiling

Irrigation

Any artificial method for supplying water to crops; especially important for making dry but fertile land agriculturally productive.

Shields

Arched, disk-shaped flowstones

Narrow, striped curtains

Bacon

Lava tubes

Channels in rock through which lava flows, can become caves if they open at the lava surface

Glacial caves

Form when meltwater hollows out ice

Ice caves

Form when meltwater hollows out ice

The flow of groundwater is primarily influenced by ?

Gravity

? Is water located beneath the earth's surface

Groundwater

Why are stalagmites often found directly under stalactites?

He water drips off the stalactite and eventually a stalagmite forms

Potable

Hydrologists call this with lots of dissolved minerals Hard Water

Groundwater

Natural water found underground; makes up 96% of the world's fresh water not locked up in glacial ice.

Sinkhole

One of the most distinctive features of Karst topography. It develops when a section of a solution-cave ceiling becomes so thin that it can no longer support its own weight, and it collapses.

Spelunker

People who irresponsibly explore caves without fear and put themselves and others in danger. These people often deface caves with graffiti or damage speleothems.

Caver

People who responsibly explore caves to learn about them, or just for recreation.

If water is safe for drinking and cooking, it is described as ?

Potable

Hard Water

Potable water with lots of dissolved minerals

Flowstone and dripstone

Rock formations that build up from drips and trickles from the cave ceilings and walls.

A natural material that water does NOT pass through readily is ?

Sandstone

Speleologists

Special scientists who study caves

A water supply that flows by gravity onto the ground surface from a hillside is classified as a ?

Spring

Cloud

Strange, bulging, cloud-shaped deposits built up underwater.

Streamless valley

The abandoned streambed

Water cycle

The continuous movement of water from the oceans to the atmosphere by evaporation and precipitation onto the continents and return to the oceans by streams. The water cycle s responsible for naturally purifying and replenishing fresh water supplies.

Solution cave

The largest most spectacular caves that seem to have formed when great underground streams flowed through soluble rocks, such as limestone, dolomite, halite (rock salt), and rock gypsum.

Chemical pollution

The most common kinds of water pollutants are chemical pollutants. Examples would include Dumping mother oil,gasoline,oil paints,and pesticides or flushing them down the drain.

Water table

The water surface of a groundwater reservoir.

Curtains And draperies

Thin and often rippled sheets of flows tone hanging from the ceiling

Column

This forms when in some places a stalactite and a stalagmite grow together.

Pollution

This happens as we add something to any resource that makes the resource no longer useable for a particular purpose.

True or false: Generally, the water table is higher in the spring

True

True or false: The water cycle not only recycles water; it also purifies it

True

True or false: A shelf stone is below ground

True

True or false: Hard water contains lots of dissolved minerals

True

Disappearing stream

Water form a surface stream seeped down to erode a joint in the underlying rock. if the downward trickle opened into a cave ceiling, the water flow quickly eroded a wider passage. Eventually, the steam followed the hole down into the cave and disappeared from the surface.

Thermal pollution

Water used for cooking in power plants and other industries can create this. Many power plants now use cooling towers and evaporators that lower the temperature of coolant by using air, thus avoiding this.

Is a sinkhole above ground or below ground

above ground