Earth Science Test Review Worksheets

Block of rock that is above a dip-slip fault plane

Hanging wall

Most of the worlds largest mountain formed at?

Convergent plate boundaries

High point of a wave?

Crest

Point below the surface where an earthquake begins?

Focus

A rock _____ when it bends without breaking?

Folds

Stress changes rock by?

Folds Faults Fractures

Block of rock that is beneath a dip-slip fault plane

Footwall

Surface waves that produce a rolling motion are ____?

S waves

The slowest of all seismic waves are _____ waves?

Surface

Seismic wave that travels along the surface of the ground?

Surface wave

Which type of seismic wave, body waves or surface waves, does more damage to structures? Why?

Surface wave, because they are on the surface.

Seismic waves that do the most damage are____?

Surface waves

A fold that bends downward is known as a(n)?

Syncline

Low point of a wave?

Trough

True or False An area where faults are clustered is Called a fault zone

True

True or False Movement of rock at faults is the cause of earthquakes

True

True or False P-waves are the first seismic waves to reach a seismometer?

True

True or False Strike-Slip faults result from shear stress?

True

True or False The deadliest tsunami of all time occurred in 2004 in Indonesia?

True

True or False A anticline is a fold that arches upward?

True

True or False Any force applied to rock is stress?

True

True or False Compression is the most common stress at convergent plates?

True

True or False Earthquakes at mid-ocean ridge tend to be small and shallow?

True

True or False Seismic waves travel outward in all directions from their source?

True

True or False Stress is the cause of joints in rock?

True

True or False The energy released by an earthquake travels in seismic waves?

True

An earthquake below the ocean can create a huge wave called a(n) _______?

Tsunami

Identify and contrast the three types of folds

1)monocline-simple "one step" bend in rock layers 2)anticline-is a fold that arches upward 3)syncline-fold that bends downward

What is a tsunami warning system? Why is such a system especially important in countries around the Pacific Ocean?

A tsunami warning system, is a system to warn people about a tsunami. It is important because you want to save every life you possibly can. That's why they put the. In the countries surrounding the pacific because that's where tsunami are more common.

About 80% of all earthquakes take place____?

Along the Pacific Ring of Fire

The heigh of a wave is the wave's _______?

Amplitude

Seismic wave that travels below earth's surface?

Body wave

Identify and define the two major types of seismic waves.

Body wave-they travel through Earth's interior, they are responsible for sharp jolts in an earthquake. Surface wave-Travel along the ground surface, they are responsible for rolling motions that cause the most damage in an earthquake.

Compare and contrast primary and secondary body waves.

Comparison Primary and Secondary -Both seismic waves Contrast Primary -higher speed -1st wave to arrive at a seismometer Secondary -slower speed -2nd wave to arrive at a seismometer

______ stress causes rock to fold

Compression

Ground movement caused by the sudden release of energy stored in rocks?

Earthquake

Point on the surface above the focus of an earthquake?

Epicenter

True or False When confining stress occurs, rock deforms?

False

True or False A syncline is a fold that arches upward?

False A syncline arches downward

True or False All seismic waves travel at the same speed through Solid Rock?

False All seismic waves travel a different speeds through solid rock.

True or False Only transform plate boundaries have earthquakes?

False All transform plate boundaries have earthquakes.

True or False Normal faults are caused by compression stress?

False Normal faults are caused by tension

True or False Earthquakes deep underground cause the most damage?

False Earthquakes deep under ground cause the least damage

True or False All undersea earthquakes generate tsunamis?

False It depends on how large the earthquake was.

True or False Only the process of folding creates mountain ranges?

False The processes that create mountain ranges are Rifting Folding And Subduction

True or False Tsunamis are more common in the Atlantic Ocean than the Pacific Ocean?

False Tsunamis are more common in the Pacific Ocean than the Atlantic Ocean.

A place where rock breaks but doesn't move it is called a what?

Joint

Tsunamis may be caused by ______?

Landslides Meteorites Nuclear explosions

A(n) ____ wave is a surface wave that moves side to side like a snake?

Love

What are the 2 types of surface waves? How do they differ?

Love and Raleigh waves = they differ in how they move across the surface of the ground

What is the L1 wave?

Love wave

A fracture becomes a fault only if a rock?

Moves

Which statement about the San Andreas fault is false? It is a transform fault. It is a strike-slip fault. It occurs at a plate boundary. None of the above

None of the above

Fault in which the hanging wall drops down relative to the footwall

Normal fault

Contrast normal and reverse dip-slip faults

Normal faults -when tension pulls the crust apart -Can build huge mountain ranges Reverse faults -when compression squeezes the crust into a smaller space -plane isn't vertices

Almost all earthquakes take place along _____?

Plate boundaries

Body waves that can travel through all states of matter are called ____ wave?

Primary

What is the L2 wave?

Rayleigh wave

According to elastic rebound theory, earthquakes occur when stresses on rocks become too great and the rocks ______?

Return to their original shape

Fault in which the hanging wall pushes up relative to the footwall

Reverse fault

Slower traveling body waves are named _____ wave?

Secondary (S)

______ stress occurs when rocks slide pass each other in opposite direction

Shear

When plates are pushed or pulled, rock is subject to?

Stress

Fault with a vertical fault plane

Strike-slip fault

What is a strike-slip fault? Which type of stress causes a strike-slip fault?

Strike-slip fault a dip-slip fault where the dip of the fault plane is verticals. Shear stress causes this type of fault.

____stress pulls rocks apart

Tension

The most common stress at divergent plate boundary is?

Tension stress

What is the difference between a joint and a fault?

The different between a joint and a fault is that a joint is a break that doesn't move, a fault is a break that moves.