ECON 125 MID TERM

Based on the MIT Sloan article on design thinking, what is false regarding the first step in design thinking? (VS 7)

It is best to start with your solution first as it saves time and money

In choosing subjects for an empathy interview, it is important to focus on extremes, as well as people in the middle on a topic area. T/F (VS 6)

TRUE

What is a MVP (Minimum Viable Product) ?

a later stage in prototype - helps refine concepts

Why interview in pairs? (VS 6)

allows 1 to take notes and the other can identify areas to dig deeper

Design Thinking - Bias Towards Action is (VS 7)

build, innovate, and learn by DOING

importance of asking why (VS 6)

reveals aspects you probably didn't consider = leads to solutions you didn't anticipate

what sabotages your creativity

stress, trauma, our-self criticism & censorship

12Prototype testing should not just focus on the average user. TrueFalse

true

2The key to looking for opportunities is looking for change. TrueFalse

true

What concepts ARE part of the principle "Bias Towards Action" (VS 7)

- Getting out and talking to people - Learning by Doing - In-person teamwork and collaboration

Based on the MIT Sloan article on design thinking, what is true regarding the first step in design thinking? (VS 7)

- The problem you end up solving may not be the original problem you identified - It is important to involve users to make sure that you are addressing a problem that they have - The problem is often much larger than you may have thought based on your personal experiences

Which of the following is a key reason to ask neutral questions when conducting an empathy interview? (VS 6)

- To avoid implying that there is a "correct" answer

Design Thinking philosophy (VS 7)

- as much mindset as it is process - consider technical side and creative emotional side

Design Thinking - Focused on Human Values = (VS 7)

- customer centered (empathy) - who they are - what they need / want

How to conduct empathy interview (VS 6)

- prepare questions as a guide - observe body language/tone of voice/ mannerism - follow up on responses

Which of the following were cited aspects of ways to conduct an empathy interview? (VS 6)

- view users and their behaviors in the context of their lives - seek to experience what users experience - you can interact with and interview users through both scheduled meetings and "intercept" encounters

What are the 4 ways identified to optimize the user experience as covered in the article "Who Loses Big in the Great Streaming Wars? The User"? (VS 7)

1. Always make it easy to resume a binge 2. But don't make it too hard to go back and re-watch when necessary. 3.Give the customer more control of the browsing process 4. Make searches easy

4 Questions to ask before selecting a subject (VS 6)

1. How many people do I need to interview? 2. Who do I recruit? 3. How do I know who the target consumer is? 4. How do I recruit?

2 types of thinking processes (VS 8)

1. convergent thinking: where we judge ideas, criticize them, refine them, combine them, improve them, all of which happens in our conscious thought 2. divergent thinking: where we imagine new ideas - which often happens subconsciously

Common Pitfall 1 (prototype)

1. diving into the 1st good idea a promising idea pushed all the way into a fully formed solution w/o prototyping of validation will turn to assumptions wrong = solution that does not work 7 energy wasted

Design Thinking Process (VS 7)

1. empathize: observe and understand their needs 2. define: analyze your observations to gain insights 3. ideate: creative solutions to each aspect of the problem 4. prototype: develop something tangible to show 5. test: get feedback from them on your assumptions and hypotheses 6. implement: understand feasibility of your idea and create viable business model accordingly

Design thinking steps PEDIATRIC MRI EXAMPLE (VS 7)

1. empathize: talked to children/patients/parents to know what will make them feel better. They ALSO went through the MRI themselves 2. define: they analyzed & synthesized their date - realized many kids suffer/scared = POV: user+need=inight 3. ideate: potential solutions: make MRI and adventure 4. prototype: created an aquarium design for MRI 5. test: check to see if prototype (aquarium design) solves the problem 6. implement: prototype turned into adventure series 7. refine/reiterate: consumer is always @ center SO act accordingly

why do you prototype

1. ideate & problem solve - build to think 2. communicate (if a picture is worth a thousand words a prototype is worth a thousand pictures) 3. to start convo - especially directly with user 4. build with the user in mind

In order to empathize you need to (VS 6)

1. immerse: experience what users experience 2. observe: view users behavior in context of their lives 3. engage: through schedule and "intercept" encounters

How to conduct empathy interview PT. 2 (VS 6)

1. pursue tangents: move w/ flow (your questions should ONLY serve as guide). Allows great insight b/c it is drived by passion 2. use beginners mindset: never assume you know the answer 3. ask neutral questions: don't ask questions that implies there is a right answer 4. encourage storytelling: don't ask YES or NO questions (prevents generic response/builds convo) 5. observe body language: use non-verbal ques to drive convo 6. embrace silence: lets the interviewee break silence 7. avoid binary responses: you want to dig deep

how do you prototype:

1. start building 2. don't spend too much on one prototype (do not get attached) 3. identify what you're testing - it should answer particular question 4. build with the user in mind

Formulating good questions (VS 6)

1. they need to trigger delightful emotion 2. encourage them to share more 3. allows you to follow up

Common Pitfall 2 (prototype)

2. Falling in love with your prototype - endowment effect = investment bias can interfere w/ value derived from prototyping - it is dangerous when prototypes become to precious to fail/give up on

Common Pitfall 3 (prototype)

3. wasting time explaining/pitching - show don't tell - you WANT to show value of your idea instead of telling people how great your notions will be

Common Pitfall 4 (prototype)

4. prototyping w/o purpose - you need to keep your goal in mind (test/validate assumptions & explain/flesh out ideas) - solution: ask yourself why you're creating the prototype in the first place - know your purpose and build on that

Common Pitfall 5 (prototype)

5. feeling discouraged by failed prototypes - failing leads to solutions - solutions: reframe the idea of failure into a learning experience

Common Pitfall 6 (prototype)

6. seeing prototypes as a waste of time - Solution: look at it long-term - it helps you FIND the solution/learn what will work best

Based on the reading, which of the following is a good practice for developing How Might We (HMW) questions? (VS 8) A. Seek to balance being narrow enough to give some focus to brainstorming, but broad enough to allow for exploring wild ideas B. As a starting point, you should be seeking to develop 2-3 HMW questions for your Point of View C. Always aim for specific questions that will enable the ability to easily identify clear solutions D. Brainstorm about potential solutions as the starting point before developing HMW questions

A. Seek to balance being narrow enough to give some focus to brainstorming, but broad enough to allow for exploring wild ideas

Drucker takes IBM's success as an example of: A. Unexpected occurrences B. New knowledge C. Process needs D. Changes in perception quiz 2

A. Unexpected occurrences

13What question you should ask yourself before creating your MVP? A. What is the value I am offering? B. What will my next pivot be? C. Where is the best location for my product? D. How much revenue do I need to generate to make a profit?

A. What is the value I am offering?

2According to the article "The Discipline of Innovation", which one of the following is a source of innovation? A. all of the above B. new knowledge C. unexpected occurrences D. demographic changes

A. all of the above

According to the article "Define and Frame Your Design Challenge by Creating Your Point Of View and Ask 'How Might We'", which one of the following is important to creating a POV? (VS 8) A. all of the above B. guiding your innovation efforts C. providing a narrow focus D. inspiring your team

A. all of the above

15According to one of the videos in the virtual session, a big reason people find providing a teammate negative feedback hard is: A. belief that constructive criticism will harm a relationship B. belief that engagement and conversation is not needed C. belief that saying nothing will lead to better results D. none of the above

A. belief that constructive criticism will harm a relationship

According to the article: "Creativity is a Process, Not a Post-It", what is a big roadblock to creativity? A. judgment B. indifference C. kindness D. laziness (VS 10)

A. judgment

15Which of the following was referenced during the giving and receiving feedback video A. keep a positive mindset B. effective feedback can sometimes be delivered and feel like a personal attack C. people are often surprised by the negative feedback they receive D. both a and c

A. keep a positive mindset

12Fill in the blanks with the correct options below. "Always prototype as if you know you're ____, but test as if you know you're _____." A. right, wrong B. wrong, right C. wrong, wrong D. right, right

A. right, wrong

15Which of the following is NOT a direct benefit of Radical Candor? A. Helps those young and inexperienced employees grow B. Helps organizations attract more customers C. Helps leaders fire fast D. Helps employees build trust in teams

B. Helps organizations attract more customers

Which of the following is the Best way to combat the "endowment effect", referenced in Prototyping in Design Thinking: How to Avoid Six Common Pitfalls? A. Stick to your investor bias and trust your prototype B. Start with cheap and fast prototype C. Put as much time as possible into creating a prototype D. Make one, very expensive prototype

B. Start with cheap and fast prototype

12According to the article "Test Your Prototypes: How to Gather Feedback and Maximize Learning", which of the following is the behavior you should avoid when presenting your ideas? A. be ready to change the idea B. see if you can sell your idea C. be objective D. find out what is wrong when receiving negative feedback

B. see if you can sell your idea

13Which of the following is one of the criteria for the Solution Lifecycle Framework? A. Reliability B. Desirability C. All of the above D. Feasibility

C. All of the above

4 In Kristi Herold's article "Even without team sports, this recreational league company finds a way to boost spirits", she explains that to maintain social interaction within a virtual team, it is important to: A. None of the above B. Eat every meal with your team every day C. Create space for free play and relaxed chats D. Never turn your cameras on for virtual meetings

C. Create space for free play and relaxed chats

Which of the following is NOT a rule of effective brainstorming? A. Go for quantity B. Be visual C. Float off topic D. Encourage wild Ideas

C. Float off topic

4 Which of the following is a practice adopted by the Sports & Social Group to encourage employees to share perspective and learn together? A. Hosting trivia and bingo B. Giving back to the community C. Organizing a book club D. Eating lunch as a team

C. Organizing a book club

3 Which of the following is NOT a benefit of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as one of the wellness trends that will dominate in 2020? A. One can exercise with a virtual trainer B. Significantly improving screenings for diseases C. Reducing pain, inflammation, stress and body fat D. Evaluating symptoms the same way as a doctor

C. Reducing pain, inflammation, stress and body fat

13Gabby Brink states than an iterative process allows one to: A. learn if what they have created is being used by people in their lives B. move through concepts more quickly C. all of the above D. gain validation along the way

C. all of the above

5In the video discussing the Chilean mining crisis, what does Amy Edmunson NOT mention when she is discussing the teamwork that led to saving the trapped miners? A. curiosity about what others bring B. humble in the challenge ahead C. all of the above were mentioned D. willingness to take risks to learn quickly

C. all of the above were mentioned

4 From Steve Job's commencement speech, which of the following classes did Steve Job's take and become fascinated in after dropping out of Reed College: A. Painting B. Pottery C. Linguistics D. Calligraphy

D. Calligraphy

Which of the followings is NOT a step in developing a Point of View? (VS 8) A. Express key insights B. Define your user C. Identify needs D. Define your idea

D. Define your idea

In the article Prototyping: the Design Process to Pressure Test Ideas, which of the following was included as part of the description about Step #2: "Make It Real"? A. All of the above B. Your prototype should seek to replicate all or most aspects of the experience C. It isn't possible to prototype complex products and services D. Keep prototypes rough and simple to start

D. Keep prototypes rough and simple to start

What is not a common prototype? A. create models B. role play C. mock-up D. all of the above are common prototypes

D. all of the above are common prototypes

3 Patagonia is aiming to secure a brighter future by A. lowering their product prices B. donating to wildlife causes C. trying to increase their profits D. investing in environmentally and socially responsible start-ups

D. investing in environmentally and socially responsible start-ups

3 According to the Tin Shed Ventures video, economies in the 21st century are going to be about businesses who consider: A. marketing and sales B. food and culture C. transportation and location D. people and the planet

D. people and the planet

5Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 stages of teaming according to the Tuckman model? A. storming B. forming C. norming D. touring

D. touring

As we grow up and learn to accept others' opinions, the ability of creativity grows. True or False

False

What is NOT a part of the 4 ways identified to optimize the user experience as covered in the article "Who Loses Big in the Great Streaming Wars? The User"? (VS 7)

Provide closed captioning by default

list of techniques, roughly in order from least resource intensive to most resource intensive:

Storyboard - a visual representation of a sequence of events or interactions. Rough sketches on sticky notes works perfectly to show what someone might be feeling, doing, or seeing. IDEO suggests brainstorming multiple options for each stage in the sequence on extra sticky notes so more variations of the storyboard can be easily visualized. Role play - act out a customer/user scenario in person to test how your idea would work in action. Bodystorm - a mix of role playing and brainstorming to use empathy to come up with new ideas. Game / Simulation - set up a game where users can interact with an idea; great for observing how people act in various contexts. Make a physical survey - Another idea from IDEO is to make a question tangible using a yes or no jar where people passing by can place their vote. Concept art - an illustration of your idea to show to potential users to gather their first impressions and questions. Non-working model - a 3D representation of a physical product using readily available materials without functionality; used to get a general idea of size and form. Working Model - a 3D representation of a physical product (using readily available materials) that has functionality similar to the end product. Wireframe - a series of simple 2D sketches to show the main elements of an idea and how they fit together; often used to map out the components of an app or website in early stages. Mock-up - a 2D design that looks finished but lacks full-functionality (like simulating clicking through a website). Video / film - to act out or describe and show the idea in action. If you need more inspiration, here's another list of prototype examples.

What concepts is NOT part of the principle "Bias Towards Action" (VS 7)

Using google docs to replace team meetings

Tim Brown - you should design to learn from ...

failure; through an experiment you'll learn something you didn't expect

5According to researchers from Project Aristotle, teams were found to be less successful if they allowed members to speak equally rather than have experts dominate topics in their areas. TrueFalse

false

where to hold an interview (VS 6)

in a comfortable atmosphere (a place familiar with the user) - where they can feel relaxed

Empathy Interviews Help Us... (VS 6)

understand their thoughts, feelings, motivations & their choices, behavioral traits & identify their needs

Design Thinking - Learning Mindset: (VS 7)

your intent is to learn/try/ & test to innovate or add ideas not sell products