ECON 2105: Principles of Macroeconomics Final Exam
When Main Street Bank buys new automatic teller machines, the quantity of _____ in the economy increases.
physical capital
Which two goals are often called the dual mandate of the Federal Reserve?
price stability and maximum employment
A bank has excess reserves of $4,000 and demand deposits of $40,000; the reserve requirement is 20%. Its current level of total reserves is _____. If the reserve requirement is increased to 25%, the new level of excess reserves would be _____.
$12,000; $2,000
(Graph: Consumption) Based on the information provided in the graph, when income equals $1,000, the average propensity to save equals (GRAPH FROM HWQ 8)
0.2
(Table) According to the table, what is the labor force of this economy? Population: 500 Number employed: 300 Number unemployed: 50
350
The _____ is/are equal to the total market value of all final goods and services produced in the United States.
GDP
_____ government spending, _____ transfer payments, and _____ taxes are all examples of expansionary fiscal policy.
Increasing; increasing; lowering
Assume the reserve requirement is 25% and the Federal Open Market Committee buys $4 million of U.S. government bonds from the public. As a result of this transaction, the supply of money is
directly increased by $4 million and has the potential to be increased by another $12 million.
A passive job search
entails merely talking to friends about jobs.
Assume taxes increase by $200 and the marginal propensity to consume is 0.75. Equilibrium income would be likely to
fall by $600.
Under which condition would the Fed be most likely to engage in its role as the lender of last resort?
if a lack of confidence in the financial system causes savers to withdraw money from banks
A production function says output per worker equals A × f(L/L, K/L, H/L, N/L) and tells us all of these EXCEPT _____ will lead to a better standard of living.
more people
If the reserve requirement is 25%, then the potential money multiplier is _____ and the actual money multiplier is _____.
4; equal to or less than 4
If the national debt is $55 million and this year's deficit is $5 million, what would the new national debt be?
60 million
_____ unemployment is the result of changes in the business cycle.
Cyclical
Assume the economy is currently experiencing aggregate expenditures greater than aggregate income. The economy will move toward equilibrium as businesses begin to produce _____, leading to _____ employment and _____ income.
more; more; more
A bond's price and yield
move in opposite directions
Bond prices and their yields are _____ because the bond's face value and _____are fixed, forcing its _____ to change in response to changing market conditions.
negatively related; coupon payment; sales price
One argument against using taxation to pay off the public debt is that it will redistribute wealth from
poorer people who do not own bonds to richer bondholders.
If the marginal propensity to consume is 0.6; full employment income is $1,000; and the current equilibrium is $750, a(n) _____ gap exists, such that a(n) _____ in spending equal to _____ is needed to close the gap.
recessionary; increase; $100
Assume that the MPC is 0.75, full employment is considered to be at a GDP level of $500 billion, and the GDP is $600 billion. What should the government do to achieve full employment?
reduce spending by $25 billion
Increased consumer confidence will shift the aggregate demand curve to the _____ and _____ output demanded.
right; increase
A bond has a face value of $1,000 and an annual interest payment of $44. What is its coupon rate, and what is its yield if it is sold for $1,100 in the secondary market?
4.4% and 4.0%, respectively
When a perpetual bond with a face value of $1,000 is issued, general interest rates are 3%, so the annual interest payment is _____. After the bond is issued, market interest rates rise to 4%, which forces the price of the bond to _____ to _____.
$30; fall; $750
Move each of the labels to its corresponding transaction or transactions in the diagram.
SAVERS --> deposits --> BANKS BANKS ---> loans ---> BORROWERS BORROWERS ---> loan repayments ----> BANKS BANKS ---> withdrawals and interest payments on deposits ----> SAVERS (Cycle starts over again for the bottom description back to the top description)
Which statement is NOT correct?
Discouraged workers are considered underemployed.
Which statement(s) is/are TRUE regarding the paradox of thrift? I. People intend to save less but their actions actually lead to an increase in savings. II. For the paradox of thrift to occur, investment must be positively related to income. III. The increased savings of households leads to more consumption, income, and output, increasing investment and aggregate savings.
II only
Which of these is NOT a reason the aggregate demand curve is negatively sloped?
income effect
If a one-year bond with a face value of $1,000 is sold for $950, what is the bond's approximate yield?
5.26%
A bank has $50,000 in deposits from its checking account customers and loans of $49,000. Of the $49,000 loaned out, $43,000 remains in the checking accounts of the loan recipients. The bank has $50,000 cash on hand, and the reserve requirement is 25%. The reserve ratio for this bank is _____, and it _____ meeting its reserve requirement.
53.76%; is
Last year, the consumer price index was 115 while the consumer price index for this year is 125. The rate of inflation is
8.7%.
Which of these is NOT a financial intermediary in the market for loanable funds?
A school
Identify which are goals of monetary policy, and which are not.
Goals of monetary policy: Price stability Maximum employment Financial Market stability Economic growth Not goals of monetary policy: High inflation Improving banks' profits Increasing the size of the financial sector
Which change is likely to increase wages the MOST in a country?
The capital-to-labor ratio rises by 2%.
(Figure: Simple Keynesian Model) In the figure, equilibrium savings equals _____ when investment is at AE = C + I0, and _____ when investment is at AE = C + I1. (GRAPH FROM HWQ 8)
$100; $200
(Graph: Consumption) Based on the information provided in the graph, at an income level of $300, savings equals _____, the MPC equals _____, and the APC equals _____. (GRAPH FROM HWQ 8)
-$80; 0.6; 1.27
If an economy is growing at 10%, how long will it take for $1,000 to turn into $4,000?
14 years
Suppose the town of Treeville has a population of 200, of which 120 are in the labor force. Of those in the labor force, 100 are employed and 20 are unemployed. The unemployment rate in Treeville is
17%.
(Figure: Simple Keynesian Model) In the figure, suppose investment has increased from AE = C + I0 to AE = C + I1. The multiplier equals (GRAPH FROM HWQ 8)
2.5
(Figure: Effects of Policy Shifts) If the economy starts below full employment, an expansionary fiscal policy will shift the aggregate demand curve from _____ to _____, and equilibrium will move from point _____ to _____. (GRAPH FROM HWQ 10)
AD0; AD1; a; b
Assume that Macroland starts in long-run equilibrium and then faces a reduction in government spending. What chain of events will lead to a new long-run equilibrium?
Aggregate demand falls causing unemployment; unemployed workers eventually accept lower wages, increasing short-run aggregate supply and leading to a new long-run equilibrium with lower prices and the original output.
In the following PPF, between which two points would long-run growth be represented? (PICTURE FROM CQ 12)
C to D
What is a difference between the typical structure of a retirement savings account (401(k)) and an individual retirement arrangement (IRA)?
Employers often match 401(k) contributions, but they do not match IRA contributions.
Esteban's annual salary is $80,000, of which he saved $20,000. When he received his bonus of $10,000, he spent $8,000 on home renovations and saved the remaining $2,000. Which statement is TRUE?
Esteban's average propensity to consume increased.
In the TED talk that we watched today in the class, what was the name of the Nobel prize winner economist?
Esther Duflo
If Kelly transfers $500 from her savings account to her checking account, M1 will ________ and M2 will _______
Increase; Remain the same
Which statement regarding discretionary and mandatory spending is correct?
Mandatory spending may act as an automatic stabilizing force in the macro economy.
Order the following saving mechanism in descending order of liquidity.
Most liquid: Cash in your pocket Checking Account Savings Account Corporate Bond Least liquid: A house
(Table) According to the table, which country will have the lowest real GDP per capita in 23.67 years? Real GDP per capita, current year (Ecoland): $10,000 Growth rate real GDP per capita (Ecoland): 12% Real GDP per capita, current year (Macia): $22,000 Growth rate real GDP per capita (Macia): 6% Real GDP per capita, current year (Nomia): $28,000 Growth rate real GDP per capita (Nomia): 3% Real GDP per capita, current year (Coland): $30,000 Growth rate real GDP per capita (Coland): 3%
Nomia
Which situation indicates that total output in a country has grown the most when the starting output is the same in all situations?
Output per worker grows by 10% while the labor force grows by 10%.
Which assumption is NOT a problem related to using the consumer price index (CPI) to accurately state the rate of inflation?
The CPI does not deal with producer prices.
If the economy shown in the figure begins on AD1 and SRAS1, what will happen in the short run and long run if the government begins a sustained period of increased spending? (GRAPH FROM HWQ 9)
The economy moves from point C to E to B.
If the economy shown in the figure begins on AD1 and SRAS1, what will happen in the short run and long run if the price of oil rises significantly? (GRAPH FROM HWQ 9)
The economy will move from point C to A to B.
(Figure: Aggregate Demand and Supply) The graph depicts an economy originally in equilibrium at point e. Assume that the government uses expansionary fiscal policy. Which statement is TRUE? (GRAPH FROM HWQ 10)
The movement from point a to point b is due to workers and suppliers adjusting their expectations to higher price levels.
Which of these provides an accurate description regarding the slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve?
The positive slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve is steeper the more flexible prices are or flatter the more rigid prices are.
In which situation is a country LEAST likely to be producing on its production possibilities curve?
There are legal disputes over the ownership of 15% of the factory buildings in the country.
If your goal was to have the largest amount of money in your bank account as possible in two years, which option would you choose? (Assume that the beginning deposit and all interest earnings remain in the account for the full two years.)
a beginning deposit of $930, earning 8% per year
Which of these would NOT shift the investment demand schedule?
a change in interest rates
Which of these would likely cause the market for loanable funds to change as shown in the following figure? (GRAPH FROM HWQ 11)
a decrease in average incomes
Which event would NOT be included in total factor productivity measurements?
a large investment in physical capital that makes labor more productive
A breakthrough in solar energy research that halves the cost of electricity will
shift the aggregate supply curve to the right.
An economy is expected to produce higher profits for business owners at the same time that the country's stock market surges. What changes can be expected in the country's market for loanable funds?
an increase in demand and a decrease in supply
The demand for loanable funds is downward sloping because
as interest rates fall, businesses find more projects to be profitable and thus want to borrow more.
The U.S. economy is currently experiencing high unemployment and low inflation. To lessen the unemployment problem, the Federal Reserve could
buy bonds through open market operations, thereby enabling banks to lend more money, increase the money supply, stimulate spending, and create jobs.
Which list represents monetary policy actions that are consistent with one another?
buy government bonds, lower reserve requirements, lower the discount rate
What are the determinants of short-run aggregate supply?
changes in input prices, taxes, and business and inflationary expectations
Suppose a government finances its expansionary fiscal policy by borrowing from the public. Joseph is concerned that this will increase the demand for loanable funds, drive up interest rates, and leave less loanable money available for consumers and businesses. Joseph is concerned about the _____ effect.
crowding-out
Which event will shift the aggregate demand curve to the right?
decrease in taxes
If the economy shown in the figure begins at point C, an increase in consumer confidence leads to what changes in the short run? (GRAPH FROM HWQ 9)
demand-pull inflation
Suppose three years ago a nation's inflation rate was 8%, two years ago it was 5%, and last year it was 2%. This nation is undergoing
disinflation.
Changes in taxes first cause changes in _____, and thus the government tax multiplier is _____ than the government spending multiplier.
disposable income; smaller
Unanticipated _____ is detrimental to economic growth.
inflation or deflation
If the marginal propensity to consume is 0.6; full employment income is $500; and the current equilibrium is $750, a(n) _____ gap exists, such that a(n) _____ in spending equal to _____ is needed to close the gap.
inflationary; decrease; $100
In September 2013, the Federal Open Market Committee said it would wait for more evidence that progress had been made on the economic recovery before it cut back on open market purchases. The Bureau of Economic Analysis did not release its advanced estimate of the third quarter's GDP growth until a month after the quarter ended. The second estimate was released two months after the quarter ended, and a third revised estimate was released about three months after the quarter ended. This wait for accurate data to be collected is known as the _____ lag.
information
Cost-push inflation occurs because of a shift to the
left of the short-run aggregate supply curve.
Bonds are considered to be _____ than stocks because _____.
less risky; bondholders are less affected by a firm's bankruptcy
The _____ is the change in consumption associated with a change in income.
marginal propensity to consume
(Figure: Aggregate Demand and Supply) The graph depicts an economy originally in equilibrium at point e. Assume that the government uses expansionary fiscal policy. The movement from point a to point b is due to (GRAPH FROM HWQ 10)
workers and suppliers adjusting their expectations to higher price levels.
