EDU 203 Final Exam

In diverse classrooms, teachers can use generalizations about students from different cultural groups but should avoid stereotypes. Which of the following is a stereotype?

Asian American students are math geniuses.

Nationally, _____ are more likely than students of other races to attend multiracial schools.

Asian Americans

________ examines the nature and the origin of human knowledge.

Epistemology

________ strives to teach students the accumulated knowledge of human civilization through core courses in the traditional academic disciplines.

Essentialism

In the context of the levels of educational power, which of the following is a function of local school districts?

Fix salaries and working conditions

Which of the following statements is true about generalizations?

Generalizations recognize that there are trends over large numbers of people.

Which of the following is a finding of Janet Hyde's work on differences and similarities between boys and girls?

Greater educational differences exist within the genders than between the genders.

Which of the following dimensions of emotional intelligence is demonstrated by people who are popular, are good leaders, and who can make others feel comfortable and connected?

Handling relationships

How did Benjamin Franklin help in severing American educational thought from its European roots?

He was committed to a practical program of nonsectarian study, offering elective courses.

What was the significance of the Serrano v. Priest (1971) ruling of the California Supreme Court?

It struck down the state's financial system as unconstitutional.

Which of the following statements is true about teaching as a profession in the United States till the 1900s?

It was viewed mostly as a form of temporary employment.

Which of the following statements would most likely be made by a critic of middle school education?

Middle schools overemphasize self-esteem building.

Which of the following statements regarding the composition of the modern family in the United States is true?

More than 50 percent of new mothers have at least some college education.

Which of the following ranked highest with students while describing their peer culture in middle school?

Relational aggression

In the context of protecting children with disabilities from being segregated, which of the following is the most restrictive environment for education?

Residential school

Aaron is a young man in his early twenties. He just returned home after serving in the U.S. Army for 3 years. Now he hopes to go to college at his state university to become an engineer. Which of the following federal acts would help Aaron to do so?

Servicemen's Readjustment Act

In the context of the levels of educational power, which of the following is a function of state governments?

Set standards for school attendance and safety

Which of the following statements about stereotyping is true?

Stereotypes are impervious to contradictory information.

Identify an accurate statement about the Buckley Amendment.

Student grades do not become private and part of students' educational records until they are recorded in a teacher's grade book.

According to Goodlad, which statement is true regarding the patterns of classroom interactions?

Students are typically restrained in a relatively small space during a period in which much of the activity is about maintaining order.

Identify an accurate statement about open enrollment.

Students become eligible to enroll in any public school with available space.

Which of the following statements regarding zero-tolerance policies is true?

Students who are removed from school are at increased risk for low achievement and of becoming permanently entangled in the "schools-to-prison" pipeline.

A new principal is concerned with the increasing incidents of cheating and plagiarism occurring in her school. She wants to take effective measures to reduce such incidences. Which of the following actions might be the most effective?

Teachers will help students to develop the skills to synthesize and summarize information, use citations properly, and develop their own insights.

Identify an accurate statement in reference to teaching during the early 1900s.

Teaching was becoming an increasingly female occupation.

Marie, a middle-school teacher, believes that all children can learn if given the right support. However, Tina, her coworker, thinks that it is a waste of time and effort to work with students from certain racial and ethnic groups. Which of the following theories suggests that the academic performance of the students from these groups is likely to suffer due to Tina's attitude?

The expectation theory

Which of the following statements about Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is true?

The law is rarely enforced, and ignorance of the law is widespread.

In the context of English Acquisition Programs, identify a true statement about the transitional approach.

The transitional approach often stresses on cultural assimilation.

Which of the following is a true statement about students in low-ability tracks?

Their instruction places more emphasis on classroom management problems

In the context of the development of American schools, which of the following statements is true about common schools?

They were free, open to all social classes, and intended to bring democracy to the classroom.

Which of the following actions of teachers is most likely be supported by Gloria Ladson-Billings, the proponent of culturally responsive teaching?

Working to improve the quality of life of the students in the school and community

Unlike existentialists, ________ believe that free will is an illusion and that human nature is shaped by the environment.

behaviorists

In an essay that Eve wrote for her sociology course, she argued that one of the reasons that minorities struggled academically in school was genetic deficiencies that made them incapable of learning at the same pace as their white counterparts. Eve's views are indicative of the ________.

deficit theory

When asked to identify the one best thing about their high school, ________ usually rank at the top of the list of students.

friends

In the context of the development of American schools, ________ were open to all social classes and provided both precollege and career education.

high schools

According to Howard Gardner, the ability to discriminate among living things and to classify plants, animals, and minerals reflects:

naturalist intelligence.

In the context of how teachers are prepared today, there is:

no consensus on how to best prepare teachers.

The chief state school officer is responsible for:

planning school activities.

Silver Springs middle school was recognized by the U.S. Department of Education as a green ribbon school. The school earned this distinction for:

promoting environmental and sustainable education, offering healthier environments with clean air and water, and promoting outdoor activities.

Some studies on school size have determined that:

students in smaller schools are more likely to pass their courses and attend college.

Generally, courts have ruled that teachers may be fired for:

using profanity and abusive language toward students.

Which of the following statements best reflects the findings of a 1990s survey conducted by People for the American Way regarding the state of race relations in America?

"I think that I've got a healthier attitude toward race relations than my mom and dad."

By the early part of the twentieth century, women constituted upward of ________ percent of teachers.

90

Identify an accurate statement about single-sex schools.

Ideas that support single-sex schools fit easily into traditional belief systems.

________ asserts that the purpose of education is to help children find the meaning and direction in their lives, and it rejects the notion that adults should or could direct meaningful learning for children.

Existentialism

In the context of the way in which the different branches and levels of government influence education law, the ________ to the U.S. Constitution protects freedom of religion, speech, the press (or media), and peaceful assembly.

First Amendment

Cases such as Goss v. Lopez that deal with the proper procedures involving the disciplining and suspension of students would fall under the ________ to the U.S. Constitution.

Fourteenth Amendment

The ________ to the U.S. Constitution protects citizens' rights to due process and equal protection under the law, no matter where they live in the United States.

Fourteenth Amendment

In the context of the amendments that are of special interest to teachers and students, the ________ to the U.S. Constitution prohibits violation of privacy and security without a court warrant.

Fourth Amendment

Which of the following makes for an engaging education experience?

Getting the opportunity to excel

Critics of middle school education argue that they should be replaced by ________.

K-8 schools

When Ovando's family first emigrated from Latin America, school was difficult for him because of his limited proficiency in English and because he was not allowed to speak Spanish at school. His experience was similar to that of:

Kinney Lau, whose difficulty in school led to a landmark court case, Lau v. Nichols.

The Supreme Court ruled in ________ that student newspapers written as part of a school journalism course should be viewed as part of the official school curriculum.

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeir

In the context of Professor Andrew Hacker's parable about race, which of the following is true of his views?

He considers white privilege so commonplace that most people are no longer able to "see" it.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the famous Brazilian educationist Paulo Freire who opposed social Darwinism?

He envisioned schools as a place where the poor can acquire the skills to regain control of their lives.

Historians consider ________ to be the outstanding proponent of education for the common person (the Common School Movement), and he is often referred to as "the father of the public school."

Horace Mann

Influential teacher organizations are cautiously supportive of a merit pay plan. Provided that certain conditions are met, they would be more likely to support it. Which of the following is one of those conditions?

Local teachers should be involved in planning.

Identify an accurate statement about teachers during the colonial period in America.

Most elementary school teachers never attended a secondary school.

In response to the Soviet launching of Sputnik, the ________ provided substantial funds for a variety of educational activities, including student loans, the education of school counselors, and the strengthening of instructional programs in science, mathematics, and foreign languages.

National Defense Education Act (1958)

________ American students have the highest dropout rate of all students and are more likely to struggle with alcohol and drug addiction.

Native

A teacher's right to freedom of speech as a citizen, regarding matters of public concern, is protected due to the holding in the:

Pickering v. Board of Education case.

According to ________, the human soul has three parts: intellect, spirit, and appetite.

Plato

________ organizes schools around the concerns, curiosity, and real-world experiences of students.

Progressivism

Activists who took funds from wealthy districts and redistributed the monies to the poorer districts were called ________.

Robin Hood reformers

Which of the following statements is true about the effect of patterns of classroom interactions on both teachers and students?

Roughly two-thirds of classroom time is taken up by talk and two-thirds of that talk is by the teacher.

Which of the following is a reason for demanding radical school reform and the furor about failing schools?

Schools today work with large numbers of poor students, non-English-speaking children, and special education students.

Many people are unaware that the responsibility for educating Americans is not even mentioned in the Constitution. Under the ________ Amendment, any area not specifically stated in the Constitution as a federal responsibility is automatically assigned to the states.

Tenth

Identify an accurate statement about the approaches to assessment.

The portfolio approach is a more comprehensive approach to assessment and evaluation as compared to traditional methods.

According to the Fourteenth Amendment, which of the following is an accurate statement in case of suspension of a student for indiscipline or misbehavior?

The student is entitled to tell his side of the story in self-defense.

Which of the following statements is true about charter schools?

They receive public funding based on the number of students enrolled.

Which of the following statements is true about standardized tests?

They require all test takers to answer the same questions, so that student and teacher performance can be compared.

In 1896, John Dewey founded the Laboratory School, a famous experimental school, to test his educational ideas. Which of the following statements about this school is accurate?

It had only one classroom but several facilities for experiential learning.

The Supreme Court ruled in ________ that students can grade their peers' academic work (and even announce the results in class) without violating the privacy act.

Owasso Independent School District v. Falvo

The act that calls for standards and annual testing of math, reading, and science is called the ________.

No Child Left Behind Act

Andy was teaching a unit on Tennyson in his British Literature class, and he came across an essay about the poet that would really "bring the man to life." He made copies of the essay and distributed them to the students. Based on the information presented here, did Andy violate copyright laws?

No, because he can do so under the fair use policy for up to nine instances per class per semester.

Identify an accurate statement about bullying in schools.

Teachers accept the common myths surrounding bullying.

In the context of the social challenges that students face in school, which of the following statements is true about poor children entering school?

They typically receive less adult attention.

Identify an accurate statement about using a student's test score to assess the teacher.

This a flawed approach because one test score is an inadequate measure of student growth.

Which of the following statements is true about Project Head Start (1964-1965)?

This act provides medical, social, nutritional, and educational services for low-income children from 3 to 6 years of age.

Which of the following statements is true?

Vast majority of Arab Americans living in the United States are Christian.

Value added refers to:

assessing and rewarding the value a teacher adds to a student's education.

Israel Zangwill's description of America as a "melting pot" best reflects the idea of ________.

assimilation

Lisa, Paul, and Jay were given an assignment at the end of their first unit in Spanish I. They were asked to prepare and act out a skit where they had to assume the roles of students visiting Argentina during Spring Break. They were to enter into a restaurant, order a meal, and pay for the meal, all in Spanish. The students knew they were being evaluated on how they performed these tasks, so they made an effort to do a good job. This sort of task is an example of:

authentic assessment.

Which statement is true regarding voucher programs?

Voucher programs have been less effective than expected and their impact sounds better in theory than it is in fact.

A ________ is a certificate of debt issued by a government guaranteeing payment of the original investment plus interest by a specified future date.

bond

A least-restrictive environment:

creates an atmosphere in which students with disabilities are not inappropriately segregated.

One of the reasons that teachers feel uncertain about educating special needs students is that they:

do not always get adequate resources to work with special needs students.

The idea for Teach for America (TFA) came from:

Wendy Kopp's undergraduate thesis at Princeton.

In the context of the social challenges that students face in school, children from low socioeconomic backgrounds often ________.

have difficulty generating new solutions to problems

If Barbara, a teacher, follows the principles of behaviorism, she believes that ________.

positive reinforcement can be used to promote desired learning

According to ________, the way to determine if an idea has merit is simple: Test it. If the idea works in the real world, then it has merit.

pragmatism

The movement with which John Dewey was closely associated with is known as ________.

progressivism

School teachers who participate in strikes are:

prohibited from doing so in over 30 states, but are rarely prosecuted or penalized.

When teachers and principals have to remedy antiquated buildings, they give higher priority to ________.

repairing lights and air conditioners

Heather always learns well when the activities in her class involve hands-on participation. She prefers classroom activities that require her to actively move her body. In this case, Heather is most likely a(n):

tactile learner.

To get "board certified" by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, a teacher:

takes written tests, and the teacher's lesson plans are examined.

An essentialist would argue that essentialism is an approach to ________.

ensure a common culture among Americans

Emma Hart Willard made an important contribution to education when she:

established one of the earliest teacher training programs in U.S. history.

According to Gardner, if one wants to develop students who are willing to face hard truths and value honest behavior, the stress should be on the

ethical mind.

The Old Deluder Satan Law of 1647 required that:

every town of fifty households must appoint and pay a teacher of reading and writing.

Isabel is a school teacher. She is able to analyze and respond to the motivations and moods of her students. She knows what her students desire and tailors her lectures and classes accordingly. According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, Isabel most likely has good:

interpersonal intelligence

According to educator Hilda Taba, learning in school is different from learning in life because the former:

is formally organized.

Courts have ruled that a teacher's right to academic freedom:

is not absolute as students should learn only appropriate subject matter.

After becoming "board certified," a teacher ________.

might be given additional pay

In funding schools, urban areas struggle the most, suffering not only from lower property values but also from the need to use those limited resources to fund more police officers, hospitals, subways, and other services than their suburban counterparts. This phenomenon is known as _______

municipal overburden

For-profit schools are a good idea because they will:

offer focused programs and investor oversight will lead to academic success.

Research shows that teachers skilled in pedagogy:

outperform teachers with superior subject area knowledge.

Identify a true statement about race, socioeconomic status, and tracking.

When parents intervene, counselors place middle- and upper-socioeconomic class students with low grades and test scores into higher tracked groups.

________ students are the least likely to attend multiracial schools and are the most isolated group.

White

In a narrow 5-4 decision, the Supreme Court ruled in ________ that publicly funded vouchers could be used to send children to Cleveland's private religious schools.

Zelman v. Simmons-Harris

Pavel is a new teacher in an inner-city school in Boston. To prepare for teaching, Pavel commits to teach for at least five years. He then spends his first year observing and working with Dava, a master teacher, while taking coursework. Only during his second year he will be allowed to teach students of his own under Dava's supervision. Based on this description, Pavel is part of ________.

a teaching residency program.

A scientific theory, such as the theory of evolution, is:

a well-founded scientific explanation.

In the context of tracking, students are sorted based on ________.

ability

When a teacher allocates a special week in a month to talk about important female inventors, the teacher is taking the ________ approach to multicultural curriculum.

additive

The most widespread form of substance abuse is ________.

alcohol

Alternative teacher education programs differ from traditional teacher education programs in that alternative teacher education programs:

allow teachers to get on-the-job training.

A student who says, "I failed the test because the fire alarm went off in the middle of the test" appears to exhibit:

an external locus of control.

School boards are often criticized for:

being in the backseat when it comes to educational change and reform.

The federal funds directed at specific categories and targeted educational needs of schools are known as ________.

categorical grants

Horace Mann became the nation's leading advocate for the establishment of a ________ school open to all.

common

According to James Banks, multicultural education often begins with the ________, in which the study of ethnic heroes (for example, Sacagawea, Rosa Parks, or Booker T. Washington) is included in the curriculum.

contributions approach

Multicultural educators that follow the approach called "teaching the culturally different" primarily advocate:

creating close links between school and home so that minority children can succeed academically.

In early colonial times, some women began to devote their time to teaching, converting their homes into schools. These women taught reading, writing, and computation, and their homes became known as ________.

dame schools

As a teacher, Richard wants his students to think rationally and rigorously. He feels that he should prepare his brightest students for future leadership and responsibility, while providing vocational training to the rest of the students. Richard's approach to education is indicative of ________.

perennialism

In a(n) ________ classroom, students spend considerable time and energy mastering the three "Rs," reading, 'riting, and 'rithmetic.

perennialist

The ________ is collected through payroll deductions, money deducted even before one receives salary.

personal income tax

Procedural due process refers to the:

principle that upholds the right of students with disabilities to protest a school's decisions about their education.

As secondary schools spread, they generally took the form of ________ academies.

private, tuition-charging

Title IX of the Education Amendments (1972):

prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex.

To raise money for schools, colonial towns and districts assessed a(n) ________ tax.

property

Alice is a teacher who has just finished her fourth year of teaching. At the end of that year, Alice was informed that she would be granted tenure. From this point, Alice can expect:

protection from arbitrary dismissal.

As an economic reconstructionist, Paulo Freire claimed that:

schools often miseducate and oppress the poor.

With the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision, ________ became a legally sanctioned part of the American way of life.

segregation

In response to an informal complaint, a school librarian quietly removes a book from the library shelf and pretends that the book is out of stock. This is an example of:

self-censorship.

Commercialism promotes ________.

self-gratification

In the landmark case of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court developed the doctrine of ________.

separate but equal

Grace Fernald, Marianne Frostig, and Heinz Werner are noted for pioneering research in the field of ________

special education

Horace Mann helped establish the first:

state-supported normal school.

A textbook portrays all African Americans as athletes, Mexican Americans as laborers, and women only in relation to their families. This is an example of a form of bias known as ________

stereotyping

On the subject of teaching creationism, evolution, or intelligent design in schools, a large segment of the public feels that:

students should be exposed to competing theories in schools.

One of the reasons that students in schools are more segregated today than at any time since the Civil Rights movement is that:

the federal courts are no longer willing to attend to the problem of racial segregation.

In 1949, ________ caused Congress to reverse more than a century of immigration quotas and naturalization and anti-miscegenation laws.

the institution of a Communist government in mainland China

Andrew is a student in the class Rebecca teaches. While Andrew is not in the lowest percentile of the class, he isn't in the highest, either. In fact, Andrew could go either way in terms of passing or failing. Rebecca will spend:

the most amount of time on him because he is a "bubble kid."

In colonial America, female teachers were particularly attractive to school districts because:

they were typically paid one-third to one-half of the salary paid to male teachers

Many colonies required that masters teach reading and writing as well as ________ skills.

vocational

When students, parents, and teachers were asked to rate goals of schooling in a study by John Goodlad, ________.

vocational, personal, academic, social, and civic goals were all rated "very important."

The principle of nondiscriminatory education is based on:

"due process" rights of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution

In the context of common terms and typical situations related to teacher liability, starting a fistfight or bringing marijuana to school is considered an act that cannot be done lawfully, regardless of how it is performed, and is referred to as ________.

"malfeasance"

In the context of common terms and typical situations related to teacher liability, the term ________ refers to failure to conduct in an appropriate manner an act that might otherwise have been lawfully performed.

"misfeasance"

Imagine a school where teachers do not have daily contact with one another and act independently, the school administration does not give due importance to effective communication with the students' families about the school's goals and expectations. They are vague about the goals of the school and focus on maintaining the status quo. This represents a failure of which element of the "five-factor theory of effective schools"?

A clear school mission

Which of the following is an accurate statement with reference to the term in loco parentis?

A school official can search a student's locker if there is reasonable suspicion that it contains something illegal and dangerous.

Which of the following books would likely be included in the "Great Books" favored by perennialists?

A theology book written by a classical author

Which principle of special education implies that educational goals designed for a child must align with his or her learning needs?

An individualized education program

The birthplace of Western philosophy is ________.

Ancient Greece

________ promoted the doctrine of the Golden Mean, or the notion that virtue lies in a middle ground between two extremes.

Aristotle

In 1749, ________ penned Proposals Relating to the Youth of Pennsylvania, suggesting a new kind of secondary school to replace the Latin grammar school—the academy.

Benjamin Franklin

Which of the following is a similarity between perennialism and essentialism?

Both aim to enhance students' moral qualities.

Which of the following statements is true about bullying?

Both boys and girls are likely to cyber-bully.

Which of the following is true of students receiving special education?

Boys are more likely to receive special educational services as compared to girls.

The phenomenon represented by the test-tampering scandal in Atlanta, Georgia, is most closely associated with:

Campbell's law.

Which of the following is a characteristic of charter schools?

Charter schools can be closed down if they do not meet expectations.

The ________ gave the federal government power to help local school districts desegregate (Title IV) and, when necessary, to initiate lawsuits or withhold federal school funds to force desegregation.

Civil Rights Act

Which of the following is one of the seven goals for high school identified by the report Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education?

Command of fundamental academic skills

________ asserts that knowledge cannot be handed from one person to another (from a teacher to a learner) but must be constructed by each learner through interpreting and reinterpreting a constant flow of information.

Constructivism

Which of the following is a reason that influences individuals to choose teaching as a profession?

Desire to work with young people

In the context of emotional intelligence quotient (EQ) and intelligence quotient (IQ), psychologist Daniel Goleman argues that:

EQ may be a better predictor of life success than IQ.

Identify a reason why teacher education students are considered less talented than other college majors.

Education majors are less likely to score in the top 25 percent on the SATs.

Which of the following laws provided financial assistance to school districts with low-income families, to improve libraries and instructional materials, and to promote educational innovations and research?

Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965)

________ holds that sensory experience (seeing, hearing, touching, and so on) is the source of knowledge.

Empiricism

________ are interested in how people use their minds to distinguish valid from illusory paths to true knowledge.

Epistemologists

Which of the following statements is true about educational practices in the West?

In Western society, formal schools, formal certification and degrees are valued.

What is the evidence that U.S. students are doing quite well in their educational performance?

In recent years, SAT reading and mathematics scores have reached an all-time high.

Identify an accurate statement about merit pay.

It attempts to reward the best teachers.

Which of the following statements is true about intelligent design?

It credits an unnamed intelligence for aspects of nature unexplained by science.

Identify an accurate statement about emotional intelligence.

It is the regulation of emotion in a way that enhances living.

Which of the following statements is true about ethics?

It is the study of what is "good" or "bad" in human behavior, thoughts, and feelings.

Why have many courts rejected educational malpractice lawsuits?

Many factors affect learning and the school system cannot be solely blamed for failure to learn.

Which of the following is true about gifted students?

Many gifted students drop out of school instead of thriving at school.

Which of the following is the most popular first-time choice for teens trying drugs?

Marijuana

The state with perhaps the purest example of adequate education approach is ________.

Maryland

In 1987, Congress passed the ________, which requires homeless students to have the same access to school as everyone else.

McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act

In the context of the education system in the United States, which of the following is one of the most important discoveries made by Jeannie Oakes?

She found that in the tracking system, race, far more than ability, determines which students are placed in which tracks.

Which of the following provided funds for teacher training and program development in vocational education at the high school level?

Smith-Hughes Act

________ is the idea that society is an ingenious "sorting" system, one in which the more talented rise to the top, while those less deserving find themselves at the bottom of the social and economic pecking order.

Social Darwinism

Which of the following is most likely to conduct educational research and development?

State department of education

Paula is a high school music teacher who is known for her involvement and commitment to her students and school. She is constantly working with other teachers and administrators so that they can have the best instruction, curriculum, and staff development possible. She also reaches out through her music program to involve parents and the community to make sure that these groups are engaged with the school and feel like they have a stake in what is going on there. Which of the core propositions of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards do Paula's actions most closely reflect?

Teachers are members of learning communities.

Which of the following is a recommended teaching strategy that can help children from low-income homes achieve academic success?

Teachers should avoid lowering their expectations for students belonging to this group.

Elaine has been a fifth-grade teacher since 1998. Elaine's decisions are grounded not only in the literature but also in her experiences. She serves as a role model for her students, and she exemplifies virtues such as honesty and fairness that she seeks to inspire in them. Which of the core propositions of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards do Elaine's actions most closely reflect?

Teachers think systematically about their practice and learn from experience.

What was the new concern that arose as women came to dominate teaching and the gender tables turned in the twentieth century?

The fear that female teachers were "feminizing" boys

Which of the following is true of children living in low-income homes?

Their neighborhood reality is often filled with crime and drugs.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about existentialist classrooms?

They afford students great latitude in their choice of subject matter and activity.

From the following, identify the accurate statement about school superintendents.

They are the most powerful education officers in the school district.

Which of the following statements is true about empiricists?

They assert that people experience the external world by sensory perception and conceptualize ideas that help them interpret that world through reflection.

Which of the following statements is true about perennialists?

They believe that the goal of education should be to develop rational thought and to discipline minds to think rigorously.

Why did social reconstructionists split from progressivists?

They grew impatient with the slow pace of change in schools and in society.

Which of the following is true of adequate education guarantees, the educational clauses present in the constitution of different states?

They guarantee that every student receives an efficient, sound, or thorough education.

According to the National Association for Gifted Children, giftedness is:

based on the presence of distinct elements of giftedness.

Elaine was homeschooled for most of her life before heading to college at a state university. Based on what is known of homeschooled students in college, we can conclude that Elaine is most likely to:

be well-thought-of by many of her professors because professors describe homeschooled students as more self-directed.

The use of a system of positive reinforcement to promote desired learning is based on ________.

behaviorism

As gatekeepers, teachers must:

determine which student will talk when.

In the context of Dual Language Programs, the ________ is designed to help children learn English while maintaining their native language.

developmental approach

The development of common core state standards that have been adopted in most states reflects the influence of:

education commissions and committees.

The Abbott cases in New Jersey contributed to a new line of litigation focusing on ________.

educational outcome

A key assumption of multicultural education is that:

effective teachers recognize that students learn in different ways.

Courts have ruled that a teacher can be fired for ________.

encouraging students to attend certain religious meetings

Participation in extracurricular activities is correlated with ________.

enriched student life and learning

Students who embrace an incremental view of intelligence are most likely to

explore inventive strategies to solve a problem.

The influence of the business community in America's schools can best be characterized as ________.

extensive

In terms of professional status, many feel teaching:

falls somewhere between professional and semiprofessional in status

Paula is an elementary school teacher who often feels that the last thing in the world she gets to do is teach her students. She feels as though much of her day is spent on determining who gets to speak, when to line up for lunch, how the class will work when broken into groups, and so on. In this example, Paula occupies the role of a(n) ________.

gatekeeper

A key aspect of teaching in a constructivist classroom is ________.

gauging a student's prior knowledge and understanding

Although U.S. middle school students may lag behind their Japanese counterparts in international algebra tests, the differences disappear on later tests due to the:

greater comparative effectiveness of U.S. colleges

The marketing technique that involves selling things in unconventional and unexpected places is known as ________.

guerrilla marketing

According to Donald McCarty and Charles Ramsey, authors of The School Managers: Power and Conflict in American Public Education, a school board in a community dominated by a few powerful figures will seek out a superintendent who ________.

has a functionary style

A teacher who suspects that a child is the victim of child abuse:

has an ethical and legal responsibility to report the suspected abuse.

Learning that is not always intended but emerges as students are shaped by the school culture, including the attitudes and behaviors of teachers, is known as the ________.

hidden curriculum

Participation in the extracurricular activities has been connected with:

higher student self-esteem.

Gina teaches at the middle grade. Joey is her student. She has noticed that Joey comes to school wearing the same clothes every day: a T-shirt, shorts, and flip-flops. He wears this outfit even on days when it is very cold outside. Recently, Joey seems to be more withdrawn, he keeps to himself and avoids eye contact largely ignoring his friends. Based on Gina's observations, she should:

immediately file a report with her principal or counselor, since Joey could be suffering from abuse or neglect.

The role of state governments in curricular decisions has:

increased through state standards and tests, and frameworks for all schools to follow.

A ________ attracts students by offering one or more special programs, such as math, music production, language immersion, science, technology, and/or other specialties.

magnet school

Schools that offer high-quality programs for talented students and have been used as a method of voluntary racial desegregation are known as:

magnet schools.

In the context of basic philosophical issues and concepts, ________ deals with the origin and the structure of reality.

metaphysics

Nathan was a young man receiving an education during the colonial period. As his family was business-oriented, he was enrolled in a private school devoted to teaching accounting, and that helped him take over his family business. Based on the description above, Nathan most likely attended a school in the ________ colonies.

middle

One of the fundamental provisions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, which ensures that students with disabilities should be assessed fairly by the use of tests that are free from cultural bias and are in the students' native language, is the provision of:

nondiscriminatory education.

Paul Pratfall was a young teacher who meant well, but could be easily led off task—especially, when it came to afternoon hall duty. When the school dismissal bell rang, Paul's job was to make sure that the children walked safely and in a disciplined manner from the classrooms on his hall to the waiting school buses just beyond the front entrance. During Friday's duty, one of Paul's colleagues called out to him. "Hey, Paulie, come in here and check out the article in the paper about the big game tonight. You gotta see it!" At first, Paul hesitated, since he was on duty. Then, he went into his friend's classroom to read the article. After all, he figured that he would only be a minute or two. Paul had just begun to read the article when he heard a loud crash and an anguished cry. He and his colleague ran into the hall to find little Jeannie lying on the floor with her leg obviously broken. Based on this scenario, Paul would most likely be guilty of:

nonfeasance.

When a person or group decides that some topic is unimportant, inappropriate, too controversial, or not worth the time, that topic is never taught and becomes part of the ________.

null curriculum

Alyssa was a senior at Local High School (LHS). Although she was a brilliant student, Alyssa had a mischievous streak that frequently landed her in the principal's office. In order to get into the college that she wanted to, she needed a recommendation letter from her counselor, Mr. Todd. On the day that she went to see him to ask for the letter, he told her to close the door. "Ever since you came here as a freshman, I've had my eyes on you. It's amazing just how pretty you've become. I'll be glad to discuss your letter over dinner at my apartment, around eight tonight. Be sure to wear something really pretty. And let's keep our little date to ourselves. After all, we wouldn't want something to happen to that letter, would we"? Based on the dialogue, Alyssa is experiencing:

quid pro quo sexual harassment.

Catelina, a young Hispanic girl, has brown skin, thick hair, and dark eyes just like her cousins. These features reflect Catelina's ________.

race

Full-service schools:

remain open most of the day and 11 months a year.

According to a survey, by the nonprofit Education Sector, most teachers:

support educational reform and change.

The principle of nondiscriminatory education:

supports the ban on tests that are culturally biased.

Helena believes that her main goal as a teacher is to transfer the knowledge and values that her students will need to do well in society. She strives to have her students learn to be academically proficient. She also tries to instill her students with values such as respect, diligence, and practicality. Helena is most likely to rely on:

teacher-centered philosophies.

According to Jeannie Oakes, tracking persists in schools largely because ________.

teachers expect little from the low-track students and they do little to improve student performance

Ethnocentrism is the ________.

tendency to view one's own culture as superior to others

As a student in college, Luisa was shocked at some of the things she was learning in her Survey of American History course. Although she had studied American history before, her teachers had completely omitted many of the things that she was learning for the first time. Luisa's experiences most closely reflect the effects of:

the null curriculum.

A call for accountability in financing of schools means that ________.

the public wants to see academic progress for their tax dollars

Student achievement will be increased when ________.

the students spend more time on learning their subjects

When a teacher's private life is called into question by the courts, a governing principle that determines whether or not the teacher may be dismissed is often based on whether

there is substantial disruption of the educational process.

A professor asks her students to discuss globalization for a paper on world affairs. She asks the students to make a presentation on how people from the East view globalization and its impact on their culture and economy. This example is most representative of the ________ approach to multicultural curriculum.

transformation

Being ________ refers to a person's innate identity of being male, female, or somewhere in between.

transgender

The ________ approach uses native language as a bridge to English language instruction, where subjects are taught first in the native language.

transitional

Most school board members view themselves as ________.

trustee representatives

A textbook covers twentieth-century U.S. history without mentioning the continuing struggle for civil rights; and pictures throughout the text portray only harmonious relations between the races. This is an example of a form of bias known as:

unreality

The marketing technique in which advertising is done on preexisting social networks is known as ________.

viral marketing

In theory, ________ provide access to a wealth of online learning from pre-school to university, without brick-and-mortar costs like maintenance of buildings, playgrounds, parking lots, and the like.

virtual schools

In a progressivist classroom, you would find teachers ________.

walking around the room, asking questions and making suggestions

When the Progressive Education Association released their Eight-Year Study, they reported that students who graduated from progressive schools:

were judged to be more objective and more precise thinkers.

School boards determine educational policy, and majority of their members tend to be ________.

white

At a recent school board meeting, a group of parents spoke out on the issue of the poor quality of the district's schools. They demanded the formation of charter schools that emphasized a rigorous, traditional curriculum and teacher-centered classrooms. These parents most closely resemble:

zealots