EDUC 134 Finsl
What does the ABC's stand for and what do they mean?
Antecedent: happens before the behavior Behavior: action Consequence: happens after the behavior
Social Anxiety/Social Phobia
Anxiety SPECIFICALLY about social situations
Seperation anxiety
Anxiety about separating from caregiver/specific person
Specific phobia
Anxiety about something SPECIFIC (e.g., phobic situation/object/event)
Around what age are children typically diagnosed with autism? A. 1-2 years old B. 3-4 years old C. 5-6 years old D. 7-8 years old
B. 3-4 years old
Geri is a teacher in a classroom for students with emotional disturbance. One of the things she learned recently has to do with using a 5:1 ratio. What does this 5:1 refer to? A. 5 corrections to every 1 instance of positive reinforcement B. 5 positive statements (positive reinforcement) to every 1 correction C. 1 instance of positive punishment to every 5 instances of positive reinforcement D. 1 instance of negative punishment to every 5 instances of positive reinforcement
B. 5 positive statements (positive reinforcement) to every 1 correction
What is the time between the traumatic event and PTSD? A. Depression B. Acute Stress C. Anxiety D. Social Anxiety
B. Acute Stress
What is the main reason that the authors of the DSM-5 decided to make a new diagnosis called, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder ? A. Because of the 40-fold increase in major depressive disorder diagnoses in children B. Because of the 40-fold increase in bipolar disorder diagnoses in children C. Because they wanted a way to categorize children who had symptoms of persistent depressive disorder plus explosive anger issues D. Because they wanted to differentiate childhood bipolar disorder from adult bipolar disorder, so they re-named childhood bipolar disorder to disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
B. Because of the 40-fold increase in bipolar disorder diagnoses in children
Which of the following are examples of social-communicative difficulties in ASD? A. Miriam lining up toys in a row repetitively B. Cat having a hard time 'reading' people's facial expressions C. Brian repeating the same word over and over again D. Yi only wanting to talk about drain pipes and nothing else
B. Cat having a hard time 'reading' people's facial expressions
Marsha, age 12, has just been expelled from school. Marsha regularly yells at her teachers and bullies her classmates. Marsha's mother is not sure what else to do, since this is the second school Marsha has been expelled from in the past year. Marsha regularly runs away from home, has stolen expensive clothing from department stores, and has physically threatened both her mother and younger sister in the past month. Marsha's classmates are genuinely afraid of Marsha, as Marsha has punched and kicked some of them on multiple occasions. What is the most likely diagnosis for Marsha? A. Oppositional defiant disorder B. Conduct disorder C. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder D. Intermittent explosive disorder
B. Conduct disorder
Sarah is in treatment for a specific phobia of snakes. Her clinician says, "You are outside in the garden and notice a rustling in the grass. All of a sudden, you see something green move. Oh no, it's a snake! You begin feeling lightheaded, and it becomes hard to breathe." What technique is Sarah's therapist using? A. In vivo exposure B. Imaginative exposure C. Flooding D. Virtual reality exposure
B. Imaginative exposure
In terms of neurotransmitters, which of the following is accurate about individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder? A. Individuals with ADHD have higher levels of serotonin than those without ADHD B. Individuals with ADHD have lower levels of dopamine than those without ADHD C. Individuals with ADHD have higher levels of dopamine than those without ADHD D. Individuals with ADHD have higher levels of norepinephrine than those without ADHD
B. Individuals with ADHD have lower levels of dopamine than those without ADHD
Your student, Aiden, has an IEP goal that you'll have to collect data for. The goal states, "By March, 2023, Aiden will use break card during class when getting frustrated in 6 out 8 opportunities". What part of this goal is considered "measurable?" A. "6 out of 8 opportunities" B. The fact that the teacher is collecting data C. "Increase use of a break card" D. "By 5/2022"
A. "6 out of 8 opportunities"
Kelly (age 15). When Kelly says she used to love certain activities but no longer is interested in them, what is she experiencing? A. Anhedonia B. Dysphoria C. Mania D. Dysthymia
A. Anhedonia
Which of the following disorder(s) is/are more common in males? A. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder B. Anxiety disorders C. Eating disorders D. All of the above
A. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Travis mother brought him to a psychologist at the recommendation of his teacher. Travis (age 9) doesn t have any friends because everyone in class thinks he is "annoying". Travis always butts into other people's conversations, and says things that aren't nice. For example, when one of his classmates got a haircut Travis thought looked odd, he blurted out, "your hair looks terrible!" When asked about it, Travis says that he can't help blurting things out. Travis teacher is also concerned because Travis is always squirming in his seat or jumping up to answer questions (even after he's been reminded to sit still in class). He says that no matter how hard he tries it's just impossible for him to sit still. What is the likely diagnosis for Travis? A. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), hyperactive/impulsive type B. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), inattentive type C. incorrect D. incorrect E. Intermittent Explosive Disorder
A. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), hyperactive/impulsive type
Which of the following disorders is most challenging to treat behaviorally in adolescents? A. Conduct disorder B. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, hyperactive/impulsive type C. Intermittent explosive disorder D. Attention deficit/hyperactivity, combined type
A. Conduct disorder
What is the difference between Acute Stress and PTSD?
Acute stress: shorter duration 3days-1 month; can develop into PTSD with time PTSD: more persistent and longer time more than a month
Jasmine has ADHD (inattentive subtype), and you are her math teacher. You've noticed she has particular difficulty sustaining attention while completing workbook problems, and often only completes 1-2 problems in a 1 hour period (most of her peers complete 20-30 problems). Which of the following is the best strategy for you to use to support Jasmine? A. Cover part of the work on her workbook until she has finished what she can see, and then uncover the rest of the page. B. Provide Jasmine with an assignment book particularly for math class to help her keep track of her homework. C. Provide peer tutoring for Jasmine so she doesn't fall behind in math D. Make sure to give Jasmine clean out dates for her backpack, locker, and class folders to help her keep organized.
A. Cover part of the work on her workbook until she has finished what she can see, and then uncover the rest of the page.
ACTION is an effective program for treating ______. A. Depressive disorders B. Social Phobia C. Separation Anxiety D. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
A. Depressive disorders
Taylor and Charlie both have been diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, Taylor tends to stare in to space and be slow to respond when people ask her questions, whereas Charlie is constantly running around and unable to concentrate tasks because he can't sit still. It is likely that Taylor has _______ type, and Charlie has ________ type. A. Inattentive; Hyperactive/Impulsive B. Hyperactive/Impulsive; Inattentive C. Hyperactive/Impulsive; Hyperactive/Impulsive D. Inattentive; Inattentive
A. Inattentive; Hyperactive/Impulsive
Which of the following is true about individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and rewards? A. Individuals with ADHD prefer immediate rewards B. Individuals with ADHD prefer delayed rewards C. Individuals with ADHD prefer delayed rewards if they are particularly large D. Individuals with ADHD are no different from their typically developing peers in terms of rewards
A. Individuals with ADHD prefer immediate rewards
Which of the following academic difficulties would be expected from a child diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), inattentive type? A. Issues keeping track of school materials B. Inability to sit still in class C. Difficulties with staying quiet in class, tendency to blurt out answers D. All of the above
A. Issues keeping track of school materials
Sam and Paul grew up in similar households: both experienced domestic violence and had a parent addicted to drugs. During adolescence, they both got in trouble often and failed classes. However, Sam was able to get a job and go back to finish school. Paul did not get a job and ended up dropping out of school and living in poverty. This example highlights which of the following concepts? A. Multifinality B. Equifinality C. Protective factors D. Multideterminism
A. Multifinality
Which of the following is NOT one of the educational categories under IDEA? A. Multiple disabilities B. Autism C. Other health impairment D. Mood disturbance
A. Multiple disabilities
If Jerrod is afraid of snakes, refuses to go to the zoo with his class due to his fear, and then feels relieved when he does not go to the zoo, what has happened from a reinforcement/punishment perspective? A. Negative reinforcement B. Positive reinforcement C. Negative punishment D. Positive punishment
A. Negative reinforcement
Which of the following neurotransmitters are thought to be involved in the fight/flight/freeze response ? A. Norepinephrine B. Serotonin C. Dopamine D. GABA
A. Norepinephrine
Jason has been diagnosed with conduct disorder. What disorder is the most likely to have preceded it (e.g. what did Jason likely have prior to being diagnosed with conduct disorder)? A. Oppositional defiant disorder B. Anti-social personality disorder C. Autism spectrum disorder D. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
A. Oppositional defiant disorder
Which of the following is an effective intervention strategy for young children with oppositional defiant disorder or other conduct challenges? A. Parent-child interaction training (PCIT) B. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) C. Self-monitoring techniques with use of a timer D. Use of nonverbal reminders that teachers can use to remind children when they are engaging in defiant behavior.
A. Parent-child interaction training (PCIT)
Which of the following is true about oppositional defiant disorder? A. Prior to adolescence it is more commonly diagnosed in males than in females B. It is more commonly diagnosed in females than in males C. It is equally distributed across genders D. Gender prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder is unknown
A. Prior to adolescence it is more commonly diagnosed in males than in females
What is an Individualized Education Plan (IEP)? A. The document that lists services and/or changes to the traditional education curriculum for students with disabilities under IDEA B. The law that states everyone has the right to a free and public education C. Documents proving that a child has a disability that qualifies under IDEA D. The law stating that children with disabilities must be placed in the least restrictive environment possible for them to succeed
A. The document that lists services and/or changes to the traditional education curriculum for students with disabilities under IDEA
Alexis is a new teacher in a classroom for children with conduct problems. What is something that her mentor teacher told her to remember when responding to challenging behaviors in her classroom? A. To always remain calm and not raise her voice B. To raise her voice and yell only if a student is having an extremely severe tantrum C. To always provide immediate and clear corrections to students who are not paying attention D. To avoid positive reinforcement, as children with conduct problems often do not respond to this type of reinforcement.
A. To always remain calm and not raise her voice
Why is it difficult to diagnose ADHD before age 4? A. Toddlers exhibit a lot of characteristics of ADHD, but that is normative for their development B. Not enough providers are available to give the diagnosis C. It's too difficult to assess a toddler because they do not accurately report their feelings D. Children don't show ADHD symptoms until later adolescence
A. Toddlers exhibit a lot of characteristics of ADHD, but that is normative for their development
Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattentive type are more likely to be ______ by their peers, while children with ADHD hyperactive/impulsive type are more likely to be _____ by their peers A. neglected/ignored; rejected B. rejected; neglected/ignored C. liked; disliked D. disliked; liked
A. neglected/ignored; rejected
Jared is a student in your classroom who has been diagnosed with ODD. Which of the following is the most likely to appear on his IEP? A. Parents and staff will model appropriate self-advocacy skills for Jared and encourage expression of sad feelings. B. Jared will refrain from serious aggressive behaviors towards peers, teachers, and school staff across all school environments for 3 weeks, as measured by event data. C. Jared will demonstrate no more than 10 minutes of passive inattention (e.g. playing with his phone, staring out the window) in each class, measured for 1 week. D. Jared will use appropriate strategies to calm himself (without having verbal outbursts) on 85% of observed trials over a 1 week period.
B. Jared will refrain from serious aggressive behaviors towards peers, teachers, and school staff across all school environments for 3 weeks, as measured by event data.
Kelly, age 15, tells a therapist that she is having trouble getting out of bed lately, is exhausted, and feels like crying a lot of the time. Kelly says she used to love playing soccer, spending time with friends, and watching her favorite TV shows, but no longer feels enjoyment from doing those things. She says that she feels guilty and like she is no good . Kelly reports trouble sleeping, and doesn't really feel hungry most of the time. She reports that this feeling has been present for about 3 weeks now. What diagnosis would a therapist likely give Kelly? A. Generalized Anxiety Disorder B. Major Depressive Disorder C. Persistent Depressive Disorder D. Cyclothymic Disorder
B. Major Depressive Disorder
Which of the following best explains the differences between major depression and persistent depressive disorder? A. Persistent depressive disorder is more severe and lasts less long than major depression. B. Major depression is more severe and lasts less long than persistent depressive disorder. C. The onset of major depression is gradual, whereas the onset of persistent depressive disorder is rapid. D. Major depression is less severe and lasts longer than persistent depressive disorder
B. Major depression is more severe and lasts less long than persistent depressive disorder.
Which of the following is true about how many patients respond positively to cognitive behavioral therapy for depressive disorders? A. Less than 50% respond B. More than 50% respond C. It is unknown how many patients respond positively D. Less than 10% respond positively
B. More than 50% respond
Logan is misbehaving in class after you've told him multiple time to sit in his chair and read silently. He continues to misbehave and you tell him, "Because you're not following directions, I am taking away your recess time with the rest of class." What has happened from a reinforcement/punishment perspective? A. Positive punishment B. Negative punishment C. Positive punishment D. Negative reinforcement
B. Negative punishment
Brian is a 10-year-old boy who is always getting in trouble at school for ignoring the teachers' instructions and bothering other students. His mother is at her wit's end, and no longer knows how to deal with Brian's argumentative behavior, which has been present for about 8 months. He is irritable, and refuses to comply with rules and directions from authority figures. When his mother does not give him what he wants, he often throws a tantrum. What is the most likely diagnosis for Brian? A. Conduct disorder B. Oppositional defiant disorder C. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, combined type D. Intermittent explosive disorder
B. Oppositional defiant disorder
Mark and Gwen do not get along. On Monday, Gwen insulted Mark, which led to Mark pushing Gwen during recess, and Gwen immediately shoved him back. Gwen shoving Mark back is an example of __________. A. Proactive aggression B. Reactive aggression C. Antisocial behavior D. Hostile attribution bias
B. Reactive aggression
You are working with a student with ASD who has an IEP. Unfortunately, this students' IEP goals got mixed up with IEP goals from other students. Which of the following are most likely to be from your student's IEP? A. Rick will keep his hands to himself for 80% of the school day on 5 out of 6 consecutive days by June, 2023 B. Rick will initiate conversations with peers about topics other than dinosaurs at least once per day on 4 out of 5 consecutive days by June 2023 C. Rick will respond appropriately to teacher and staff directions within 1 minute on 5 out of 6 opportunities on 2 consecutive days by June 2023 D. Rick will choose an appropriate fidget toy instead of running around the classroom on 4 out of 5 days by May, 2023
B. Rick will initiate conversations with peers about topics other than dinosaurs at least once per day on 4 out of 5 consecutive days by June 2023
Mary was referred to a psychologist by her school counselor after she refused to give any presentations or talks in class, even if it negatively affected her grades. Mary explained that she is terrified of the other students judging her, and that she is sure her shaky voice and hands will embarrass her. Furthermore, she vomits before these types of events, and often stays up all night beforehand due to worrying about how she will be perceived. Mary has felt this way for the past year. Mary does not feel anxious in other situations involving people (e.g., she has no difficulty meeting new people). What diagnosis (if any) will the psychologist likely give Mary? A. Panic Disorder B. Social Anxiety Disorder Performance Only C. Social Anxiety Disorder D. Specific Phobia Performance Type
B. Social Anxiety Disorder Performance Only
Which of the following is true about ADHD and adults? A. Over 90% of children with ADHD will no longer have ADHD as adults B. Some children with ADHD will no longer have ADHD as adults C. Medications for ADHD are more effective for adults than they are for children D. Only children with hyperactive/impulsive ADHD will go on to have ADHD as adults
B. Some children with ADHD will no longer have ADHD as adults
Jamal, age 8, is terrified of clowns. His fear is so strong that he refuses to attend birthday parties or go to the yearly county fair. Jamal explains, "When I see a clown my legs feel heavy and it s hard to breathe. I feel hot, and my chest gets tight." Jamal's parents report that Jamal tantrums whenever he sees clowns, and that they are afraid that he will have a hard time making friends at his new school if he cannot attend his classmates' birthday parties. When Jamal's parents are interviewed more in depth by a psychologist, Jamal's father says, "I just don't understand his fear. Clowns are fun!" His mother disagrees and says, "I hate clowns too. I used to be the same way as Jamal when I was younger. Luckily, I don't have to see clowns much as an adult, but when I do I just want to run away!" What diagnosis will the psychologist likely give Jamal? A. Social Phobia B. Specific Phobia C. Panic Disorder D. Panic attacks
B. Specific Phobia
Yair's parents are very upset with the Eagle school, because Yair is in a special day class all day long without any contact with his neurotypical peers. The school says that Yair cannot be with his peers due to Yair's difficulty with academic work. Yair's parents agree that Yair would not be able to keep up with his peers academically, but want him to practice socializing. What is something that Yair's parents could reasonably insist upon from the school? A. That Yair be in a regular education classroom for all academic classes with a 1:1 aide because if he is taken out of regular classes it is a violation of FAPE. B. That Yair be in non-academic classes with his neurotypical peers (e.g. art, recess), because not allowing him to ever be with his peers is a violation of LRE. C. That Yair be moved to a different school where he can be in a regular education class with his neurotypical peers for all academic subjects, because if he cannot be with his peers all day every day it is a violation of LRE. D. That the school slow down the pace of lessons/content in the regular education classroom in order to accommodate their son, because a failure to do so would be a violation of IDEA.
B. That Yair be in non-academic classes with his neurotypical peers (e.g. art, recess), because not allowing him to ever be with his peers is a violation of LRE.
Your child has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, and you believe that the disorder is the reason for his difficulty in school. When you go to the school to request an assessment to see if he is eligible for special services, what MUST the school determine in order for him to be eligible under IDEA? A. That your child has generalized anxiety disorder rather than another anxiety disorder B. That your child's condition is affecting his ability to succeed in school C. That your child is struggling in school compared to his peers D. That the person who diagnosed your son is a licensed clinical psychologist
B. That your child's condition is affecting his ability to succeed in school
Which is true about the Kindling Hypothesis? A. Depressive episodes are triggered more easily over time B. The more depressive episodes you have, the more severe they become C. The more depressive episodes, the more someone becomes resilient to having depressive episodes D. All of the Above
B. The more depressive episodes you have, the more severe they become
Which of the following is true about gender prevalence of anxiety disorders? A. The prevalence of anxiety is higher in males B. The prevalence of anxiety is higher in females C. The prevalence of anxiety is equal for both males and females. D. The prevalence of anxiety is higher in males in childhood, and higher in females during adulthood.
B. The prevalence of anxiety is higher in females
Cassandra has been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, and is currently receiving services through school. Which is most likely part of her treatment plan? A. A psychiatrist comes to school to meet with Cassandra about her medications. B. A school nurse pulls Cassandra out of class to discuss her feelings. C. Cassandra is part of a group cognitive behavioral therapy intervention. D. None of these There is no accepted treatment for social anxiety disorder.
C. Cassandra is part of a group cognitive behavioral therapy intervention.
Jose was recently diagnosed as having social anxiety by a psychologist. His mother believes that his disorder is causing him to have significant difficulty in school and goes to have Jose evaluated through the school. If Jose qualifies for services and an IEP, what category of disability will he mostly likely fall into? A. Anxiety B. Other health impairment C. Emotional disturbance D. Multiple disability
C. Emotional disturbance
Shay (aged 14) comes to your office after complaining of persistent muscle-aches. He says that he cannot stop worrying about bad things happening both at home and at school. He is worried about his parents losing their jobs, about performing poorly on tests, about his baby sister getting sick and dying, and about earthquakes and fires. He has felt this way for the last 9 months, and says he has a hard time sleeping due to the troubling thoughts. What is the most likely diagnosis for Shay? A. Panic disorder B. Specific phobia C. Generalized anxiety disorder D. Separation anxiety disorder
C. Generalized anxiety disorder
Which of the following brain areas/systems have been implicated in anxiety? A. Cerebellum B. Corpus collosum C. Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis D. Occipital lobe
C. Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis
Which of the following is NOT a factor of resilience? A. Close relationship to caring parent B. Self-confidence, self-efficacy C. Inconsistent discipline style D. Attendance at effective schools
C. Inconsistent discipline style
Which of the following is true about the HPA (hypothalamic adrenal pituitary) axis and conduct problems? A. Individuals with conduct problems are thought to have overactivity in the HPA axis B. Individuals with conduct problems are thought to have dysregulation of the HPA axis C. Individuals with conduct problems are thought to have underactivity in the HPA axis D. There is no evidence that individuals with conduct problems have any differences in the HPA axis compared to those without conduct problems
C. Individuals with conduct problems are thought to have underactivity in the HPA axis
Chloe, age 15, is having trouble both at home and at school due to verbal outbursts. She is often sent to the principal's office after yelling at peers for minor problems (e.g. last week she yelled at Jane after Jane accidentally bumped her desk). Similar issues occur multiple times per week at home, and have been occurring for 6 months. Chloe's teachers and parents have tried to talk to her about these problems, and note that Chloe is a kind and thoughtful person between outbursts. Chloe is trying very hard to control her anger, but says it feels impossible. "I just can't stop myself, I get so mad, and then I feel awful afterwards", she says to her therapist. What is the most likely diagnosis for Chloe? A. Oppositional defiant disorder B. Conduct disorder C. Intermittent explosive disorder D. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
C. Intermittent explosive disorder
What is the best (most effective) treatment for school-aged children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? A. Medications alone B. Behavioral therapy alone C. Medications and behavioral therapy D. A and B are equally effective
C. Medications and behavioral therapy
Mitchell is 9 years old and has a 504 plan to help with his oppositional defiant disorder. The largest problems Mitchell has in the classroom are: refusal to comply with instructions from his teacher and deliberately annoying other students who he does not like. Which of the following is the mostly likely to appear on his list of 504 accommodations? A. Mitchell will remain attentive for 15 consecutive minutes on two consecutive days as measured by event sampling. B. Mitchell will be allowed to take two movement breaks every hour in order to help with his hyperactivity. C. Mitchell will be encouraged to use a time out card when feeling frustrated, which will allow him to take a break to calm down. D. Mitchell will refrain from physically threatening classmates on 4 out of 5 consecutive days, as measured by classroom observation.
C. Mitchell will be encouraged to use a time out card when feeling frustrated, which will allow him to take a break to calm down.
Ms. Kay, a teacher, comes to you for advice about a troublesome student in class. She describes her student as often hitting the desk and yelling out during class. She says this often happens when she asks the class to work independently on their in-class assignment and she'll try to calm him down by giving him a break. What is the consequence in this scenario? A. itting the desk and yelling out during class B. when she asks the class to work independently C. Ms. Kay giving the student a break D. Ms. Kay trying to calm down her student with kind words
C. Ms. Kay giving the student a break
Assuming all other factors are equal, which of the following children is at the greatest risk for developing a depressive disorder? A. Jim, whose mom has major depressive disorder B. Holly, whose cousin has major depressive disorder C. Sara, whose parents both have major depressive disorder D. Tabitha, whose sister has major depressive disorder
C. Sara, whose parents both have major depressive disorder
Which of the following is accurate about the difference between a child qualifying for an IEP through IDEA vs. a 504 plan? A. A 504 plan does not require a child to have a documented disability. B. The criteria to qualify for a 504 plan are stricter than the criteria to qualify for an IEP through IDEA. C. The criteria to qualify for an IEP through IDEA are stricter than the criteria to qualify for a 504 plan. D. There is no difference between qualifying for an IEP through IDEA and qualifying for a 504 plan the parent gets to choose which is best for their child.
C. The criteria to qualify for an IEP through IDEA are stricter than the criteria to qualify for a 504 plan.
Which of the following is a fundamental assumption of applied behavioral analysis (ABA)? A. Behavior serves a purpose B. Behavior is a method of communication C. Some challenging behavior cannot be helped because it is due to having a diagnosis D. A and B
D. A and B
Bill (age 12) has been diagnosed with ADHD, hyperactive/impulsive type. Which of the following might his teacher use in the classroom to help Bill with his behavior? A. Use of a fidget at Bill's desk B. Ignoring unwanted behavior (unless it interferes with safety of others) C. Sitting Bill at a desk in the front near the teacher D. All of the above
D. All of the above
What are classroom considerations for PTSD? A. Find "islands of competence" B. Predictability (schedule) C. Safety D. All of the above
D. All of the above
What type of services can be included in a student's IEP? A. Speech and language services B. Counseling services C. Physical therapy D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which neurotransmitters are thought to be too low in depressive disorders? A. Dopamine B. Norepinephrine C. Serotonin D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Why does conduct disorder often go untreated? A. Due to the high cost of effective interventions. B. Lack of access to providers who are experienced in effective interventions for conduct disorder. C. As conduct disorder often involves law-breaking behaviors, individuals may be incarcerated and therefore not have access to effective interventions. D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Ryan is 4 years old and has been brought to a psychologist by his mother. His mother reports that Ryan has never made consistent eye contact, does not respond when his name is called, and often sits in his room spinning the wheels of his toy trucks for hours. He does not use words or gestures, and becomes upset when peers or adults attempt to engage with him. What is Ryan's most likely diagnosis? A. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, inattentive type B. Intermittent explosive disorder C. Oppositional defiant disorder D. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
D. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Theo is a student at an elementary school in a neighborhood with good housing, high standards of living, and opportunities for valued social roles. When considering childhood mental health disorders, these neighborhood characteristics would be considered A. Community-based risk factors B. Child-based protective factors C. Family-based risk factors D. Community-based protective factors
D. Community-based protective factors
Jaya, age 11, does not leave home without her reusable water bottle. If she forgets it at home, her heart begins to race and she instantly feels panicked. These feelings last until she is able to be near her water bottle again. She uses it constantly and keeps it very clean washing it at least once a day and only filling it with clean water from a purified water cooler. Her mother also exclusively drinks from the purified water cooler. She grew up (& currently lives) in Flint, Michigan, a city whose water have been contaminated with lead for many years, leaving 12 people dead and thousands of children exposed to dangerous levels of lead. What diagnosis, if any, would be given to Jaya? A. Specific Phobia B. Separation Anxiety C. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) D. None of the above
D. None of the above
Jameson (aged 13), has just been expelled from his third school in 2 years. When you ask him about what happened to make him get expelled most recently he looks angry and says, "people just piss me off all the time!" You find out that he was expelled after his third physical fight in one month, and his previous expulsions were for similar issues (one for fights, and one for destruction of school property). His parents and former teachers say that he just flies into rages almost every day and either ends up yelling at someone, starting a physical altercation, or destroying property. When asked about Jameson's mood between these outbursts both his parents and former teachers say that he seems angry all the time and do not know what to do. What is the most likely diagnosis for Jameson? A. Major depressive disorder B. Social anxiety disorder C. Persistent depressive disorder D. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
D. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
You are a new teacher at Rainbow Middle School, and Roberto is one of your students. On his IEP, it says, Roberto will refrain from episodes of impulsive anger (defined by verbal outbursts towards other students, staff, or teachers) on 4 out of 5 consecutive days . What is Roberto's most likely diagnosis? A. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, hyperactive/impulsive type B. Conduct disorder C. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, inattentive subtype D. Intermittent explosive disorder
D. Intermittent explosive disorder
This question refers to the paragraph about Kelly (age 15). If Kelly were to start treatment using a cognitive behavioral therapy framework, what might the therapist focus on changing first? A. Kelly's trouble sleeping B. Kelly's lack of appetite C. Building up Kelly's support system D. Kelly's negative thoughts about herself
D. Kelly's negative thoughts about herself
Jade is in the school nurse's office after experiencing her fourth panic attack this week. When the nurse asks Jade about these attacks, Jade says that they often happen out of nowhere, and that she cannot ever predict when she might have one. She finds the attacks frustrating and hates that she keeps having them at random times. What is the most likely diagnosis for Jade? A. Panic Disorder B. Specific Phobia C. Social Anxiety Disorder D. None of the above
D. None of the above
John and James are identical twins. John is overweight and James is at an expected weight for his age and height. In this case, although they have the same _____, their ______ is different. A. phenotype; genotype B. genetics; genotype C. phenotype; amount of GABA D. genotype; phenotype
D. genotype; phenotype
Your child has been diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and the school determined that she is eligible to receive an IEP through IDEA. Which category of disability will she likely fall into? A. Emotional disturbance B. Specific learning disability C. Intellectual disability D. Other health impairment
D. Other health impairment
When children with __________ grow up, they are unlikely to have debilitating anxiety during their lifetimes. A. Generalized anxiety disorder B. Panic disorder C. Specific phobia D. Separation anxiety disorder
D. Separation anxiety disorder
What are the two characteristics of Autism? A. Stress and depression B. Depression and anxiety C. Social communication deficit and depression D. Social communication deficit and restricted behaviors/repetitive behaviors
D. Social communication deficit and restricted behaviors/repetitive behaviors
Wesley's teacher told him to sit down and start doing math problems. Instead, Wesley throws his book across the room. His teacher tells him to immediately go to the principal's office. Thinking about the ABCs of behavior, what is the antecedent? A. Wesley throwing his book across the room B. Wesley being sent to the principal C. Wesley acting out D. Wesley's teacher telling him to sit down and start doing math problems
D. Wesley's teacher telling him to sit down and start doing math problems
What's the difference between DMDD and IED?
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD): pervasive anger and/or irritability between outbursts Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED): like a flip of a switch fine then not fine
What are school wide interventions for PTSD? A. Balance accountability with knowledge of trauma B. Rules vs. abuse C. Positive behavioral support D. Consistency E. Model appropriate behavior F. All of the above
F. All of the above
Panic Disorder
Worry about future attacks is what causes impairment
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Worry/anxiety about EVERYTHING (or lots of things; e.g., money, school, social life, politics, etc.) persists through life
Anxiety neurobiology
decreased norepinephrine and serotonin; overarousal of HPA axis
Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED)
failure to control impulses; feel bad after; doesn't just happen to adults; happens with everyone; reactive behavior; impulsive/reactive aggression
Social Anxiety Performancy only
fear ONLY occurs during performing/speaking publicly
Fear
immediate reaction to danger
Discrete Trial Training (DTT)
instruction --> correct response --> reward instruction --> incorrect response --> correction
persistent depressive disorder
less severe; longer duration; persistently in unhappy or irritable mood; can still get through day-to-day life
Pivotal Response Training (PRT)
less structured, more natural instruction, child-led child initiates --> prompt correct behavior --> reinforce it ex.) child reaches for frog --> therapist: show me the frog --> YAY! good job showing me the frog lets play with frogs
ADHD neurobiology
low dopamine and norepinephrine;underarousal
Depression neurobiology
low dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin; overarousal of HPA
CD/ODD/IED neurobiology
low serotonin;underarousal
major depressive disorder
more severe; extreme feeling of depression; suicidal ideations; feelings of worthlessness;
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
non-complaince with authority figures and rules; argumentativeness; impulsive/reactive aggression
ASD characteristics
persistent throughout years; repetitive behaviors; formal wording; called "little professors"; get along better with adults; poor social communication skills
Conduct Disorder (CD)
planned/proactive aggression; pattern of theft and deceit; destruction of property; physical aggression
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
thoughts control behaviors and behaviors control thoughts; cognitive restructuring; helps with anxiety and depression
Anxiety
worry or fear of future events/actions "what ifs"
