Egee clicker question
Convert a coal price of $90/ton to $/MMBTU
$3.46/MMBTU (divide $/ton by 26)
Which size of particulates are the most harmful to human health?
0.1 to 2 microns
Which rank of coal has the highest heating value?
Anthracite
When a large volcano erupts, what is the short term (1-3 year) effects on Earth's climate?
Temperatures will decrease
At low concentration, doubling the concentration of a chemically typically doubles its effect
True
Is the US a net importer or exporter of natural gas
exporter
How much did the temperature warm from 1850 - 2007?
0.85C
Approximately how much stronger do climate change models predict extreme weather will become stronger by 2100?
10%
At current US reserves, how long will coal last?
283 years
How many years could coal to liquids technology extend our petroleum use?
30 years
How many ranks of coal are there? What are they?
4 Lignite, Subbituminous, bituminous, Anthracite
A proximate analysis shows that a certain lignite coal is 10% moisture, 30% volatiles, and 10% ash. What is the % fixed carbon?
50% (subtract everything not carbon from 100)
If there are 6500 TCF of proved reserves of natural gas in the world and we are consuming 123 TCF per year, how long until we run out?
52.8 years
At current US reserves, how long will natural gas last?
86 years
What percentage of captured CO2 is used for enhanced oil recovery?
88%
According to the IPCC, climate scientists assign what % of certainty that burning fossil fuels is responsible for climate change?
95%
Which fossil fuel contains ash?
Coal
Which of the following fossil fuels are regional commodities with regional prices?
Coal and natural gas
Weather and climate are the same thing
False
Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
Helium
Hydrocarbons refer to what elements?
Hydrogen and carbon
How do climate scientists reconstruct past temperatures?
Ice cores, ship logs, tree rings
Who was the first to use petroleum for petrol instead of kerosene?
John D. Rockefeller
which coal rank has the highest % volatiles?
Lignite
Oil and natural gas typically form in what environment?
Marine life preserved at bottom of deep lakes
What is the main component of natural gas?
Methane
Which fossil fuel is the cleanest burning?
Natural gas
Which fossil fuels has the highest heating heating value per pound?
Natural gas
Does fracking cause methane to leak into freshwater aquifers?
No, poorly installed casing causing methane to leak into groundwater
Coal is formed in what environment?
Plants in a humid, swamp environment
Most of the added natural gas reserves in the US in the past decade have come from
Shale gas
How long has hydraulic fracturing been preformed in the US?
Since 1947
Heavy bitumen stuck to sand grains?
Tar sands
What is the main use for petroleum?
Transportation
which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
absorbed by the ocean
How much carbon dioxide have we emitted into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels since the industrial revolution?
half a trillion tons
what were the main contributors to the BP oil spill in 2010
human error and effective combustion
The 3 main problems with fossil fuels are
pollution, affect climate change, and they are non-renewable