EK Quiz #3
When was Rosie the Riveter?
1942
When was Korematsu vs. U.S.?
Made the final decision on Dec. 18, 1944
Why was the Custodian of Aliens important?
The custodian of aliens was a further humiliation of the Japanese by the Canadian government. It further unjustified the internment of the Japanese and proved how the actions of the government were completely unconstitutional and went against the very values they were fighting against in other countries throughout the war. It also severely put the Japanese Canadians at a serious economic and social advantage as it provided government justification for the discrimination and unjust treatment of the Japanese in their everyday lives.
Why are Victory Gardens important?
Victory gardens are historically significant because they demonstrate the patriotism of the American people on the homefront. This was another way for Americans who were unable to fight and/or had loved ones overseas to serve their country and feel as though they were making a difference. Ultimately, over 20 million victory gardens were planted due to the unifying power of this initiative which illustrates the impact of effort on the home front.
When were code talkers?
WWI and WWII
Why are War Bonds important?
War bonds are significant because they are one of the main crucial ways that the U.S. was able to fund WWII. The bonds helped to control inflation and keep the economy more stable, which was important to Americans who feared another Great Depression like the one after WWI. 85 million Americans contributed to war bonds by the end of the war, raising over $185.7 billion dollars. Art, film, and pop culture were also affected by the government's need to promote war bonds. The War bonds generated capital for the government, funded the war, and allowed citizens to feel like they were contributing to the war effort.
When were War Bonds?
During WWII
When was the Fair Employment Practices Committee?
June 25, 1941
When were Zoot Suit Riots?
Summer 1943
When was the Bracero Program?
1942-1947
What was the Fair Employment Practices Committee?
A committee created by FDR through the Executive Order 8802 that banned discrimination in defense industries and the government. Roosevelt took this action in response to concerns raised by African American leaders such as labour organizer A. Philip Randolph, Mary McLeod Bethune (director of minority affairs in the National Youth Administration), and others, who were outraged that black soldiers were fighting for the United States in segregated units in the military and returning home to a society that still violated their basic rights.
What were code talkers?
A person employed by the military during WWII or any other war that spoke in their native languages to transpose secret code messages.
What was Korematsu vs. the United States?
After the institution of Executive order 9066, a Japanese-American man living in San Leandro, Fred Korematsu, chose to stay at his residence rather than obey the order to relocate. Korematsu was arrested and convicted of violating the order. He responded by arguing that Executive Order 9066 violates the Fifth Amendment. The Ninth Circuit affirmed Korematsu's conviction, and his case went to trial in front of the Supreme Court. The conclusion drawn was that Executive Order 9066 was legal and did not imply any racial prejudices specifically in its institution, and was implemented to address the Pearl Harbor attacks, and the possibilities of Japanese spying.
What was the Selective Training and Service Act?
Also known as the Burke-Wadsworth Act, this act provided the first peacetime conscription in the United States. Men that reached their 21st birthday but not their 36th would register in the draft. Once the US entered WWII, all men that were 18-65 were required to register for the draft. These draftees were selected from a national lottery and if they were drafted, they would be required to serve 12 months of active duty, and then 10 years in the reserves or until the man had reached 45 years
What was the Custodian of Aliens?
Before they were interned, Japanese Canadians had their property, businesses, and cars confiscated and sold by the Canadian government. The "Custodian of Aliens" allowed for the government to liquidate the possessions of those being interned.Prime Minister King issued a ruling that all property would be removed from Japanese Canadian inhabitants. They were made to believe that their property would be held in trust until they had resettled elsewhere in Canada. The Custodian of Aliens held auctions for these items, ranging from farm land, homes and clothing. Japanese Canadians lost their fishing boats, bank deposits, stocks and bonds; basically all items that provided them with financial security.
Why was the Bracero Program important?
Between the 1940s and mid 1950s, farm wages dropped sharply as a percentage of manufacturing wages, a result in part of the use of braceros and undocumented laborers who lacked full rights in American society. The Bracero Program was controversial in its time and it remains controversial to this day. The program was intended to be temporary, but a growing dependence of American farms on Mexican labor kept it going. It serves as an additional example of how the United States has often relied on Mexico for cheap labor.
Why are code talkers important?
Code talkers are historically significant primarily because not only did they give the Allies a strong advantage over their opponents, they also promoted the employment and, to some extent, acceptance of people of different races that had a history of being discriminated against. This improved overall race relations in the United States.
What were War Bonds?
Debt securities issued by a government to finance military operations and other expenditure in times of war. In practice, modern governments finance war by putting additional money into circulation, and the function of the bonds is to remove money from circulation and help to control inflation.
When was the Custodian of Aliens?
During WWII
When were Victory Gardens?
During WWII
What were Victory Gardens?
During WWII, the foods were rationed among citizens and soldiers, because of labor and food shortages, the US government asked their citizens to make their own, "victory gardens," and provide their own foods for the war effort. The results of this practice was an astonishing act of patriotism, over 20 million victory gardens were planted.
When were the Tuskegee Airmen?
Est. 1941
Why was Executive Order 9066 important?
Executive Order 9066 was an atrocity in the making, the paranoia and prejudice against Japan in the United States already was high, the implementation of Executive Order 9066 only heightened the racial tensions and promoted racism. This Executive order Ordered that all foreigners and Americans of Japanese, descent be confined in concentration camps for the purpose of national security, Cleared the way for deportation of Japanese Americans, made the West coast of the United States a hostile military zone, and made all Japanese Americans "enemies of the state."
When was Executive Order 9066?
Feb. 19, 1942
When was the Selective Service Act?
Sep. 16th, 1940
What was the Bracero Program?
The Bracero Program grew out of a series of bi-lateral agreements between Mexico and the United States that allowed millions of Mexican men to come to the United States to work on short-term, primarily agricultural labor contracts. Mexicans, desperate for work, were willing to take arduous jobs at very low wages. Farm workers already living in the United States worried that braceros would compete for jobs and lower wages. In theory, the Bracero Program had safeguards to protect both Mexican and domestic workers, but in practice, farmers ignored many of these rules and Mexican and native workers suffered while growers benefited from plentiful, cheap labor. Employers were supposed to hire braceros only in areas of certified domestic labor shortage, but this was not what ended up happening.
Why was the Fair Employment Practices Committee important?
The Fair Employment Practices Committee is significant because it represents one of the first times when the U.S. government acknowledged the service of African Americans in the armed forces. Enforcement of the order led to some positive changes for African Americans. By the end of World War II, in 1945, African Americans held 8 percent of the jobs in the defense industry, up from 3 percent before the war. In addition, about 200,000 African Americans held government jobs, three times more than before the war had begun.
Why was Korematsu vs. U.S. important?
The Korematsu vs. the U.S. case is historically significant because it is one of very few notable cases of the time against the U.S. government for the internment of the Japanese. It also established how unconstitutional the internment was, and how the Supreme Court still excused it. Additionally, the case illustrates the determination of the Japanese Americans of the time. Although many followed the order without question and excused their sufferings as acts of patriotism, others refused to stand for it, like Korematsu. The political and social tensions during this time were incredibly high due to racism, unconstitutional oppression, and mass hysteria, and this case represents a real life consequence of those factors
Why is Rosie the Riveter important?
The Rosie the Riveter cartoon has become a timeless emblem of women's empowerment. During World War Two, it was meant to encourage women to join the war effort due to the severe lack of labor resources. This cartoon, along with others, was partially responsible for the boom of women joining the workforce that would spark a turning point in the long struggle for equal employment opportunities. Over time, the cartoon has grown to represent the feminist movement, portraying the message that women are just as capable as men in all aspects of life.
What were the Tuskegee Airmen?
The Tuskegee Airmen were a group of African-American men who flew for the United States during World War II. They trained at Tuskegee Army Airfield in Alabama. There were around 1,000 African-American pilots in this group. They flew many missions for our military in World War II, and they were very successful in accomplishing their goals. For example, they were able to destroy several German fighter jets and a German destroyer in two separate missions.
What were Zoot Suit Riots?
The Zoot Suit Riots were a series of riots that erupted in Los Angeles, California during World War II, between sailors and soldiers stationed in the city and Mexican American youth gangs headed by pachucos, recognized because of the zoot suits they favored. The riots began in the racially charged atmosphere of Los Angeles, where the sailors, soldiers and marines returning from the war had already come into conflict with the local Mexican zoot suiters. On June 3, 1943, a group of servicemen on leave complained that they had been assaulted by a gang of pachucos. In response, they gathered and headed out to downtown and East Los Angeles, which was the center of the Mexican community. Once there, they attacked all the men they found wearing zoot suits, often ripping off the suits and burning them in the streets.
Why are the Zoot Suit Riots important?
The Zoot Suit riots are historically significant because they represent the social and political climate of the time. Tensions were high in the United States for a number of reasons (fear of mortal peril, civil rights activism escalating, loss of loved ones in the war, etc.) and this represents how prominent of an issue civil rights activism was. This also displays how ineffective the government was in addressing racial concerns, and this combined with Japanese internment illustrates that the United States government was not concerned with maintaining a just and constitutional rule.
Why are the Tuskegee Airmen important?
The men were fighting discrimination and racism on two fronts. They were fighting to combat racism abroad, and they were fighting to prove they should be treated equally within the United States. This was part of the Double V campaign. Their efforts helped lead to the integration of the armed forces in 1948. This group served with distinction. They received eight Purple Heart awards. They also received 14 Bronze Stars, three Distinguished Unit citations, and 96 Distinguished Flying Crosses. The Tuskegee Airmen played an important role in our fighting in World War II.
Why was the Selective Service Act important?
This act was the first peacetime conscription in United States history. This act provided the common defense with an ample amount of men who were trained before they entered the war. Ultimately, manpower proved to be a strong defining factor in the overall course of the war, and the Selective Service and Training Act gave the U.S. an advantage over other countries.
What was Rosie the Riveter?
This advertisement featured Rosie the Riveter, who was supposedly a woman who was a riveter in Detroit during WWII. This advertisement advocated for women in the workforce, and urged women to join along with her to 'stomp out Nazis.' Essentially, Rosie the Riveter was the star of the campaign created by the US government to recruit female workers for defense industries during WWII in order to make up for all of the men that had previously been working in the labor force, but enlisted in the army, therefore leaving their jobs open.
What was executive order 9066?
This executive order was issued by FDR and granted the secretary of war and his commanders the power, "to prescribe military areas in such places and of such extent as he or the appropriate military commander may determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded," although there was no specific race or location targeted, it was applied to almost the entire Japanese American population on the West coast. This act was created due to the paranoia of US officials about, 'Japanese spies' after the infamous Pearl Harbor attack. The US Department of Treasury froze all assets of all Japanese citizens and aliens , and the department of justice arrested many of them as potentially dangerous enemy aliens.