Elbow and Wrist

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What should the carrying angle of the elbow for women be?

10 to 15

In what percentage of the population is the palmaris longus found to be absent?

12% to 15%

The wrist allows _________ of motion in ulnar deviation.

35

A patient with an acutely injured elbow will frequently assume the elbow's resting position of ___ of flexion to minimize forces on the joint.

70 degrees

An isosceles triangle is formed by the medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, and the olecranon process when the elbow is flexed to what degree?

90

When a varus stress is applied to the elbow, the accessory lateral collateral ligament (ALCL) assists what ligament in preventing the radial head from separating from the ulna?

Annular ligament

Which bundle of the UCL serves as the primary restraint against a valgus force?

Anterior bundle

What is a fracture of the base of the first metacarpal that extends into the articular surface called?

Bennett's fracture

Which of the following is a rupture of the central extensor tendon that causes the lateral bands to slip palmarly on each side of the PIP, changing its line of pull on this joint from an extensor to a flexor?

Boutonniere deformity

Which muscle is the primary elbow flexor when the forearm is in its neutral position (radial side upward)?

Brachioradialis

What is the angle formed by the long axis of the humerus and ulna known as?

Carrying angle

Which of the following is a nonarticular fracture of the radius occurring approximately 1.5 inches proximal to the radiocarpal joint, causing the distal radius to be displaced dorsally?

Colles' fracture

What is it medically called when the alignment of the forearm and humerus fully extends beyond 0°?

Cubital recurvatum

What is an increase in the carrying angle of the elbow called?

Cubitus Valgus

What is the special test used to support or refute the presence of de Quervain syndrome?

Finkelstein's test

Which of the following joints does NOT allow pronation to occur?

Humeroulnar joint

Which is the most stabilizing structure of the lateral aspect of the elbow?

LUCL

Which of the following is the most important history finding regarding elbow trauma?

Onset and location of symptoms

Which pulleys are located on the distal aspect of the metacarpal and the most proximal member of the pulley system?

Palmar aponeurosis pulleys

What pathology causes drop-wrist syndrome?

Radial nerve pathology

Which of the following is NOT a function of the TFCC?

Stabilizes radial side carpals

Which of the following is NOT correct in performing the tennis elbow test?

The patient is positioned with elbow flexed and supinated

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

The trapezoid aligns with the first metacarpal

Which wrist pathology is commonly associated with clicking on the ulnar side of the wrist?

Triangular fibrocartilage tear

Which nerve enters the elbow at the arcade of Struthers?

Ulnar Nerve

Which elbow ligament is divisible into three unique sections?

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL)

What special test indicates a scapholunate ligament injury?

Watson test

The radial tuberosity is the insertion site for what muscle?

biceps brachii

What forms the lateral humeral articulating surface on the distal border of the lateral epicondyle?

capitellum

What is the primary extensor of the lateral four fingers' interphalangeal (IP) joints and assists in wrist extension?

extensor digitorum communis

A decreased carrying angle is known as cubital valgus.

false

Laxity with valgus and varus stress testing in a fully extended position indicate severe ligamentous instability.

false

The anterior band of the anterior bundle of the MCL is primarily stressed in overhead athletes.

false

The elbow joint relies more on muscular support than ligamentous support for its stability.

false

Which bone in the hand is involved in a boxer's fracture?

fifth metacarpal

What is the muscle responsible for the flexion of the four proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints?

flexor digitorum superficialis

What is a benign collection of thick fluid within a tendinous sheath or joint capsule found on the wrist and hand called?

ganglion cyst

What is indicated by a hard end-feel with passive elbow flexion?

loose body in the joint

What is the most commonly dislocated carpal bone in the hand?

lunate

Which nerve travels through the carpal tunnel in the wrist?

median nerve

What is an infection around the periphery of the fingernail that results in redness and swelling?

paronychia

Which of the carpal bones float?

pisiform

Which nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the wrist and fingers?

radial

What is the indention of the lateral epicondyle that accepts the radial head during elbow flexion?

radial fossa

Trauma or pathology to which nerve results in a drop-wrist deformity?

radial nerve

What are small cuts or abrasions over the dorsal surface of the MCP or IP joints known as?

russel's sign

What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone in the hand?

scaphoid

Which carpal bone is as palpable as the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?

scaphoid

Which of the following is a fracture where the distal radius is displaced palmarly?

smith's fracture

The radio ulnar joints are classified as what type of joint?

syndesmotic

Most elbow injuries are the result of low-load repetitive stresses.

true

The deep branch of what nerve innervates the hypothenar eminence?

ulnar

Which nerve travels through the Tunnel of Guyon which is formed by the hamate and pisiform?

ulnar nerve


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