Elbow and Wrist
What should the carrying angle of the elbow for women be?
10 to 15
In what percentage of the population is the palmaris longus found to be absent?
12% to 15%
The wrist allows _________ of motion in ulnar deviation.
35
A patient with an acutely injured elbow will frequently assume the elbow's resting position of ___ of flexion to minimize forces on the joint.
70 degrees
An isosceles triangle is formed by the medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, and the olecranon process when the elbow is flexed to what degree?
90
When a varus stress is applied to the elbow, the accessory lateral collateral ligament (ALCL) assists what ligament in preventing the radial head from separating from the ulna?
Annular ligament
Which bundle of the UCL serves as the primary restraint against a valgus force?
Anterior bundle
What is a fracture of the base of the first metacarpal that extends into the articular surface called?
Bennett's fracture
Which of the following is a rupture of the central extensor tendon that causes the lateral bands to slip palmarly on each side of the PIP, changing its line of pull on this joint from an extensor to a flexor?
Boutonniere deformity
Which muscle is the primary elbow flexor when the forearm is in its neutral position (radial side upward)?
Brachioradialis
What is the angle formed by the long axis of the humerus and ulna known as?
Carrying angle
Which of the following is a nonarticular fracture of the radius occurring approximately 1.5 inches proximal to the radiocarpal joint, causing the distal radius to be displaced dorsally?
Colles' fracture
What is it medically called when the alignment of the forearm and humerus fully extends beyond 0°?
Cubital recurvatum
What is an increase in the carrying angle of the elbow called?
Cubitus Valgus
What is the special test used to support or refute the presence of de Quervain syndrome?
Finkelstein's test
Which of the following joints does NOT allow pronation to occur?
Humeroulnar joint
Which is the most stabilizing structure of the lateral aspect of the elbow?
LUCL
Which of the following is the most important history finding regarding elbow trauma?
Onset and location of symptoms
Which pulleys are located on the distal aspect of the metacarpal and the most proximal member of the pulley system?
Palmar aponeurosis pulleys
What pathology causes drop-wrist syndrome?
Radial nerve pathology
Which of the following is NOT a function of the TFCC?
Stabilizes radial side carpals
Which of the following is NOT correct in performing the tennis elbow test?
The patient is positioned with elbow flexed and supinated
Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
The trapezoid aligns with the first metacarpal
Which wrist pathology is commonly associated with clicking on the ulnar side of the wrist?
Triangular fibrocartilage tear
Which nerve enters the elbow at the arcade of Struthers?
Ulnar Nerve
Which elbow ligament is divisible into three unique sections?
Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL)
What special test indicates a scapholunate ligament injury?
Watson test
The radial tuberosity is the insertion site for what muscle?
biceps brachii
What forms the lateral humeral articulating surface on the distal border of the lateral epicondyle?
capitellum
What is the primary extensor of the lateral four fingers' interphalangeal (IP) joints and assists in wrist extension?
extensor digitorum communis
A decreased carrying angle is known as cubital valgus.
false
Laxity with valgus and varus stress testing in a fully extended position indicate severe ligamentous instability.
false
The anterior band of the anterior bundle of the MCL is primarily stressed in overhead athletes.
false
The elbow joint relies more on muscular support than ligamentous support for its stability.
false
Which bone in the hand is involved in a boxer's fracture?
fifth metacarpal
What is the muscle responsible for the flexion of the four proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints?
flexor digitorum superficialis
What is a benign collection of thick fluid within a tendinous sheath or joint capsule found on the wrist and hand called?
ganglion cyst
What is indicated by a hard end-feel with passive elbow flexion?
loose body in the joint
What is the most commonly dislocated carpal bone in the hand?
lunate
Which nerve travels through the carpal tunnel in the wrist?
median nerve
What is an infection around the periphery of the fingernail that results in redness and swelling?
paronychia
Which of the carpal bones float?
pisiform
Which nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the wrist and fingers?
radial
What is the indention of the lateral epicondyle that accepts the radial head during elbow flexion?
radial fossa
Trauma or pathology to which nerve results in a drop-wrist deformity?
radial nerve
What are small cuts or abrasions over the dorsal surface of the MCP or IP joints known as?
russel's sign
What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone in the hand?
scaphoid
Which carpal bone is as palpable as the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?
scaphoid
Which of the following is a fracture where the distal radius is displaced palmarly?
smith's fracture
The radio ulnar joints are classified as what type of joint?
syndesmotic
Most elbow injuries are the result of low-load repetitive stresses.
true
The deep branch of what nerve innervates the hypothenar eminence?
ulnar
Which nerve travels through the Tunnel of Guyon which is formed by the hamate and pisiform?
ulnar nerve