Element memorization

Hydrogen (H)

Atomic Number: 1 Melting Point: -259.14 °C Boiling Point: -252.87 °C Nonmetal Charge: +1 Interesting Facts: Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. Hydrogen is used for rocket fuel. Notable Properties: tasteless, odorless, , colorless

Neon Ne

Atomic Number: 10 Melting Point: -248.4°C Boiling Point: -246°C Non-Metal (Noble Gas) Charge: 0 Interesting Facts: changes to a reddish-orange color in vacuum tube. Notable Properties: a colorless, tasteless odorless inert gas.

Sodium (Na)

Atomic Number: 11 Melting Point: 97.79°C Boiling Point: 882.8°C Metal (Alkali-Earth Metal) Charge: +1 Interesting Facts: Sodium is highly reactive. Sodium is soft enough to cut with a butter knife at room temperature. Notable Properties: Silver-White, capable of being shaped, easily pulled or stretched into a thin wire

Magnesium (Mg)

Atomic Number: 12 Melting Point: 650°C Boiling Point: 1,090 °C Metal (Alkaline Earth Metal) Charge: +2 Interesting Facts: Magnesium has a sour taste. Notable Properties: Magnesium is silvery white and very light.

Aluminum (Al)

Atomic Number: 13 Melting Point: 660.3°C Boiling Point: 2,470°C Metal Charge: 3+ Interesting Facts: The most abundant metal. Notable Properties: Silvery-white with a bluish tint. It can be beaten into extremely thin sheets.

Silicon (Si)

Atomic Number: 14 Melting Point: 1,410 °C Boiling Point: 2,355 °C Metalloid Charge: +4, -4 Interesting Facts: ontrary to what some may think, silicon and silicone are quite different Notable Properties: Pure silicon is a hard, dark gray solid. Has a metallic shine.

Phosphorus (P)

Atomic Number: 15 Melting Point: 44.1 °C Boiling Point: 280 °C Nonmetal Charge: +5, +3, -3 Interesting Facts: White phosphorus is a waxy solid and very poisonous. Used on match boxes. Notable Properties: highly reactive, soft, waxy solid that glows in the dark.

Sulfur (S)

Atomic Number: 16Melting Point: 115 °C Boiling Point: 444.6 °C Nonmetal Charge: -2, +2, +4, +6 Interesting Facts: breathing in sulfur dust can irritate the airways or cause coughing. Notable Properties: tasteless, odorless, brittle solid that is pale yellow in color, a poor conductor of electricity, and insoluble in water

Chlorine (Cl)

Atomic Number: 17 Melting Point: −101.0 °C Boiling Point: -34.04°C Nonmetal(Halogen) Charge: -1 Interesting Facts: it is a disinfectant. It is used to treat drinking water and swimming pool water. Notable Properties: A yellowy-green dense gas with a choking smell

Argon (Ar)

Atomic Number: 18 Melting Point: -189.4°C Boiling Point: -185.8°C Nonmetal (Noble Gas) Charge: 0 Interesting Facts: Used by welders to protect the weld area and in incandescent light bulbs to stop oxygen from corroding the filament. Notable Properties: colorless, odorless, nonflammable and nontoxic as a solid, liquid or gas

Potassium (K)

Atomic Number: 19 Melting Point: 63.28 °C Boiling Point: 760 °C Metal (Alkali Metal) Charge: +1 Interesting Facts: Potassium vigorously reacts with water to form hydrogen gas. Notable Properties: is soft and white with a silvery luster, has a low melting point, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Helium (He)

Atomic Number: 2 Melting Point: -272.2°C Boiling Point: -268.93 °C Nonmetal (Noble Gas) Charge: 0 Interesting Facts: Second most abundant gas in the universe. Used as an inert shield for arc welding. Notable Properties: colorless, tasteless and odorless gas

Calcium (Ca)

Atomic Number: 20 Melting Point: 842°C Boiling Point: 1,484°C Metal (Alkaline Earth Metal) Charge: +2 Interesting Facts: The body needs calcium to maintain strong bones and to carry out many important functions. Almost all calcium is stored in bones and teeth, where it supports their structure and hardness Notable Properties: fairly soft metal with a shiny silver surface when first cut. Can be beaten into extremely thin sheets.

Scandium (Sc)

Atomic Number: 21 Melting Point: 1,538°C Boiling Point: 2,700°C Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +3 Interesting Facts: Used for mercury lighting in televisions and photography. Notable Properties: a silvery-white solid with a slight pink or yellow tint when exposed to air.

Titanium (Ti)

Atomic Number: 22 Melting Point: 1,668°C Boiling Point: 3,287°C Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +3. +4 Interesting Facts: It doesn't occur naturally. Notable Properties: strong metal with low density and is ductile, shiny, and dark grey

Vanadium (V)

Atomic Number: 23 Melting Point: 1,900°C Boiling Point: 3,000°C Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +2, +3, +4, +5 Interesting Facts: Used as a pigment for glass and ceramics. Notable Properties: silvery-white, ductile, metallic-looking

Chromium (Cr)

Atomic Number: 24 Melting Point: 1,907°C Boiling Point: 2,672°C Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +2, +3, +6 Interesting Facts: Chromium is important in the breakdown of fats and carbohydrates. Notable Properties: lustrous, brittle, hard metal, silver grey color

Manganese (Mn)

Atomic Number: 25 Melting Point: 1,246°C Boiling Point: 2,061°C Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +2, +4, +7 Interesting Facts: It is also used in dry cell batteries Notable Properties: pinkish gray hard metal and is very brittle.

Iron (Fe)

Atomic Number: 26Melting Point: 1,538°C Boiling Point: 2862 °C Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +2, +3 Interesting Facts: Used in civil engineering but rusts very easily Notable Properties: greyish in appearance, and is very ductile and malleable

Cobalt (Co)

Atomic Number: 27 Melting Point: 1495 °C Boiling Point: 2927 °C. Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +2, +3 Interesting Facts: Made into compounds to be used for its color. Notable Properties: silver-white, lustrous, brittle element.

Nickel (Ni)

Atomic Number: 28 Melting Point: 1453 °C Boiling Point: 2913 °C .Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +2 Interesting Facts: used for alloying elements, coatings, batteries, kitchen wares, mobile phones, and medical equipment Notable Properties: hard silver white metal, malleable and ductile

Copper (Cu)

Atomic Number: 29 Melting Point: 1,085°C Boiling Point: 2562 °C Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +1, +2 Interesting Facts: Used in electrical wiring, roofing, plumbing, and industrial machinery Notable Properties: reddish-brown metal, good conductor of heat, shiny and malleable

Zinc (Zn)

Atomic Number: 30 Melting Point: 420 °C Boiling Point: 907 °C Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +2 Interesting Facts: It helps the immune system fight off invading bacteria and viruses. The body also needs zinc to make proteins and DNA, the genetic material in all cells. It is also needed to help babies grow Notable Properties: bluish-white, lustrous metal. It is brittle at certain temperatures

Gallium (Ga)

Atomic Number: 31 Melting Point: 29.76°C Boiling Point: 2,400°C Metal Charge: +3 Interesting Facts: Gallium is used to make LED's. Notable Properties: silvery, glass-like, soft metal, brittle, poor conductor of electricity

Germanium (Ge)

Atomic Number: 32 Melting Point: 938°C Boiling Point: 2833°C Metalloid Charge: -4, +2,+4, Interesting Facts: used for heart and blood vessel conditions, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and heart disease. Notable Properties: hard, lustrous, gray-white, and brittle.

Arsenic (As)

Atomic Number: 33 Melting Point: 814 °C Boiling Point: 615 °C Metalloid Charge: -3, +3, -5 Interesting Facts: useful in treating diseases such as cancer and syphilis. Notable Properties: bright silver-gray metalloid

Selenium (Se)

Atomic Number: 34 Melting Point: 217 °C Boiling Point: 688 °C Nonmetal Charge: -2, +4, +6 Interesting Facts: used to make pigments for ceramics, paint and plastics. Notable Properties: metallic form, toxic

Bromine (Br)

Atomic Number: 35 Melting Point: −7.2 °C Boiling Point: 59 °C Nonmetal (Halogen) Charge: -1, +1, +5 Interesting Facts: is irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Notable Properties: reddish brown liquid, pungent odor

Krypton (Kr)

Atomic Number: 36 Melting Point: -157.4°C Boiling Point: -152.9°C Nonmetal: Noble Gas Charge: 0 Interesting Facts: Krypton is one of the rarest gases on Earth, composing only 1 part per million of the atmosphere by volume. Notable Properties: a colorless, odorless gas

Rubidium (Rb)

Atomic Number: 37 Melting Point: 39 °C Boiling Point: 696 °C Metal (Alkali Metal) Charge: +1 Interesting Facts: Used to remove traces of oxygen from vacuum tubes and to make special types of glass. Notable Properties: soft, silvery, highly inflammable,

Strontium (Sr)

Atomic Number: 38 Melting Point: 777°C Boiling Point: 1,382°C Metal (Alkaline Earth Metal) Charge: +2 Interesting Facts: Strontium is best known for making reds to give to fireworks and flares. Notable Properties: soft, silver-yellow

Yttrium (Y)

Atomic Number: 39 Melting Point: 1500 °C Boiling Point: 3336 °C Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +3 Interesting Facts: Yttrium is often used to enhance other elements. Notable Properties: bright, silvery surface

Lithium (Li)

Atomic Number: 3Melting Point: 180.54 °C Boiling Point: 1342 °C Metal Charge: +1 Interesting Facts: Lithium is the lightest metal. Burns with bright red color. Notable Properties, silvery metal and very soft

Beryllium Be

Atomic Number: 4 Melting Point: 1,287°C Boiling Point: 2,970°C Metal Charge: +2 Interesting Facts: Beryllium is non-magnetic. Notable Properties: silvery-white metal, relatively soft and has a low density

Zirconium (Zr)

Atomic Number: 40 Melting Point: 1,855°C Boiling Point: 4,409°C Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +4 Interesting Facts: Zirconium is extremely resistant to heat and corrosion. Notable Properties: very strong, malleable, ductile, lustrous silver-gray metal

Palladium (Pd)

Atomic Number: 46 Melting Point: 1,555°C Boiling Point: 2,963°C Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +2, +4 Interesting Facts: Highly resistant to corrosion in air. Notable Properties: lustrous silver-white metal

Silver (Ag)

Atomic Number: 47 Melting Point: 961.8°C Boiling Point: 2,162°C Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +! Interesting Facts: Used for jewelry and silver tableware. Also used to make mirrors because it is the best reflector of visible light. Notable Properties: white, lustrous, soft, very ductile, malleable

Cadmium (Cd)

Atomic Number: 48 Melting Point: 321 °C Boiling Point: 765 °C Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +2 Interesting Facts: Used to make rechargeable batteries. Can lead to kidney disease. Notable Properties: soft, silvery-white metal

Tin (Sn)

Atomic Number: 50 Melting Point: 231.9°C Boiling Point: 2,602°C Metal Charge: +2, +4 Interesting Facts: Used for plating steel cans used as food containers. Tin does not corrode in water. Notable Properties: soft, pliable, silvery-white metal

Antimony (Sb)

Atomic Number: 51 Melting Point: 630.6°C Boiling Point: 1,587°C Metalloid Charge: -3, +3, +5 Interesting Facts: Used in batteries, bullets and cable sheathing Notable Properties: bright, silvery, hard and brittle

Tellurium (Te)

Atomic Number: 52 Melting Point: 449.8°C Boiling Point: 989.9°C Metalloid Charge: -2, +4, +6 Interesting Facts: Used to tint glass and ceramics, in solar cells, in rewritable CDs and DVDs and as a catalyst in oil refining. Notable Properties: grayish-white solid with a shiny surface

Iodine (I)

Atomic Number: 53 Melting Point: 113.7°C Boiling Point: 184.3°C Nonmetal (Halogen) Charge: -1 Interesting Facts: used in pharmaceuticals and disinfectants, printing inks and dyes, catalysts, animal feed supplements. Notable Properties: non-metallic, dark-gray/purple-black and lustrous

Xenon (Xe)

Atomic Number: 54 Melting Point: -111.8°C Boiling Point: -108.13°C Nonmetal (Noble Gas) Charge: 0 Interesting Facts: Used to make Xenon lamps for photography. Notable Properties: colorless, odorless gas

Cesium (Cs)

Atomic Number: 55 Melting Point: 28.44°C Boiling Point: 670.8°C Metal (Alkali Metal) Charge: +1 Interesting Facts: used in atomic clocks. Notable Properties: silvery gold, soft, and ductile

Barium (Ba)

Atomic Number: 56Melting Point: 700°CBoiling Point: 1,500°CMetal (Alkaline Earth Metal)Charge: +2Interesting Facts: used in drilling fluids for oil and gas wells. Notable Properties: pale yellow, semi-shiny, semi-malleable

Boron (B)

Atomic Number: 5Melting Point: 2076 °C Boiling Point: 3927 °C Metalloid Charge: +3 Interesting Facts: Very heat resistant and has the highest melting point of the metalloids. Notable Properties: shiny black metalloid, poor conductor of electricity at low temps but great at high temps

Carbon (C)

Atomic Number: 6 Melting Point: 3652 °C Boiling Point: 4827 °C Nonmetal Charge: +4 Interesting Facts: Is in every living thing and it is the 4th most abundant element in the universe. Notable Properties: soft, dull gray or black non-metal that you can scratch with a fingernail

Nitrogen N

Atomic Number: 7 Melting Point: −209.86 °C Boiling Point: −195.795 °C Nonmetal Charge: -3 Interesting Facts: It is used to make nitric acid, nylon, and explosives. Notable Properties: nonmetallic, colorless, odorless and tasteless.

Tungsten (W)

Atomic Number: 74 Melting Point: 3,422°C Boiling Point: 5,555°C Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +6 Interesting Facts: Tungsten is used in filaments in incandescent light bulbs, it is also used in electric contacts and arc-welding electrodes. It is super dense and almost impossible to melt. Notable Properties: lustrous and silvery white metal

Platinum (Pt)

Atomic Number: 78 Melting Point: 1,768°C Boiling Point: 3,825°C Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +2, +4, +6 Interesting Facts: Known as "white gold". Used in jewelry, decoration and dental work. Notable Properties: silver-white metal, very soft and malleable

Gold (Au)

Atomic Number: 79 Melting Point: 1,064°C Boiling Point: 2,966 °C Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +1, +2, +3 Interesting Facts: The first Gold coins appeared around 700 BC. Notable Properties: bright yellow, good conductor, and ductile

Mercury (Hg)

Atomic Number: 80Melting Point: -38.83°C Boiling Point: 356.7°C Metal (Transition Metal) Charge: +1, +2 Interesting Facts: used to make thermometers, barometers and other scientific instruments. Notable Properties: Silver-White mirror-like appearance with mirror like luster

Thallium (Tl)

Atomic Number: 81 Melting Point: 304°C Boiling Point: 1,473°C Metal Charge: +1. +3 Interesting Facts: used for the production of electronic devices, fiber optics, camera lenses, switches, and closures. Notable Properties: heavy, bluish-white metal that resembles lead

Lead (Pb)

Atomic Number: 82 Melting Point: 327.5 °C Boiling Point: 1,744 °C Metal Charge: +2, +4 Interesting Facts: used for car batteries, pigments, ammunition, cable sheathing, weights for lifting, weight belts for diving, Notable Properties: very soft, highly malleable, ductile, and a relatively poor conductor of electricity

Bismuth (Bi)

Atomic Number: 83 Melting Point: 271.4°C Boiling Point: 1,564°C Metal Charge: +3 Interesting Facts: It is probably best known as the main ingredient in stomach ache remedies such as Pepto-Bismol. Notable Properties: high-density, silvery, pink-tinged metal. Breaks easily

Radon (Rn)

Atomic Number: 86 Melting Point: -71°C Boiling Point: -61.7°C Nonmetal (Noble Gas) Charge: 0 Interesting Facts: Radon was used in some hospitals to treat tumors by sealing the gas in minute tubes, and implanting these into the tumors. Notable Properties: colorless, odorless, and radioactive

Radium (Ra)

Atomic Number: 88 Melting Point: 700°C Boiling Point: 1,737°C Metal (Alkaline Earth Metal) Charge: +2 Interesting Facts: Radium is used to produce radon, a radioactive gas used to treat some types of cancer. Notable Properties: silvery, lustrous, soft, intensely radioactive

Oxygen O

Atomic Number: 8Melting Point: −218.4 °C Boiling Point: −183.0 °C Non-Metal Charge: -2 Interesting Facts: Liquid and solid oxygen are pale blue. Notable Properties: colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. A poor conductor of heat and electricity.

Uranium (U)

Atomic Number: 92 Melting Point: 1,132°C Boiling Point: 4,131°C Nonmetal (Actinide) Charge: +3, +4, +6 Interesting Facts: provides us with nuclear fuel used to generate electricity in nuclear power stations. Notable Properties: silvery, shiny metal that is both ductile and malleable.

Fluorine (F)

Atomic Number: 9Melting Point: -219.6°C Boiling Point: -188.1°C Non-metal (Halogen) Charge: -1 Interesting Facts: If fluorine is absorbed too frequently, it can cause teeth decay. Notable Properties: Fluorine is a pale yellow, diatomic, highly corrosive, flammable gas, with a pungent odor.

Ammonium (NH4^+)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: +1 Interesting Facts: It is used in coal mining for explosions when mixed with fuel oil. Notable Properties: white crystalline solid, soluble in water

Cyanide (CN^-)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -1 Interesting Facts: 1 gram of finely crushed or chewed apple seeds contain 0.06-0.24 mg of cyanide. Notable Properties: bitter almond odor, colorless gas at higher temperatures

Acetate (C2H3O2^-)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -1 Interesting Facts: Acetate is used in make up, textiles and cleaning supplies. Notable Properties: Anti-caking, soft fiber

Chlorite (ClO2^-)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -1 Interesting Facts: Chlorite is derived from a Greek word meaning green, in allusion to the common color of the mineral. Notable Properties: commonplace metamorphic mineral, pearly luster

Iodate (IO3^-)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -1 Interesting Facts: Iodate tablets are used at the time of a nuclear emergency, the tablets stop the thyroid gland taking up radioactive iodine in nuclear accidents. Notable Properties: less soluble and more stable than iodide, odorless

Permanganate (MnO4^-)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -1 Interesting Facts: Used as a wet dressing for wounds. Notable Properties: purple color, absorbs light, soluble in acetone

Hypochlorite (ClO^-)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -1 Interesting Facts: most commonly used for bleaching, disinfecting, and water treatment purposes in its salt form. Notable Properties: clear, greenish to yellow liquids with an odor of chlorine.

Nitrite (NO2^-)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -1 Interesting Facts: Nitrites are used as food preservatives and in medicine as vasodilators to relieve cardiac pain. Notable Properties: pink-red color, water soluble

Hydrogen Carbonate (HCO3^-)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -1 Interesting Facts: Used in sodas and baking soda. Notable Properties: White crystalline powder or granules, insoluble in water, pH of 8

Thiocyanate (SCN^ -1)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -1 Interesting Facts: Was used for hypertension but it is now considered toxic. Notable Properties: solid, white powder

Perchlorate (ClO4^-)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -1 Interesting Facts: used as an oxidizer in solid propellants, munitions, fireworks, airbag initiators for vehicles, matches and signal flare. Notable Properties: highly reactive at high temperatures, oxidizing agent

Nitrate (NO3^-)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -1 Interesting Facts: used for treating or preventing heart pain. Notable Properties: water soluble, may have different colors based on levels of nitrate

Chlorate (ClO3^-)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -1 Interesting Facts: used in explosives and also as a pesticide. Notable Properties: inorganic white crystalline, soluble in water

Hydroxide (OH^-)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -1 Interesting Facts: used in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents, and as a drain cleaner. Notable Properties: white in color, soluble in water

Bromate (BrO3^-)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -1Interesting Facts: Contact may cause irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Notable Properties: colorless to light colored solid

Oxalate (C2O4 ^-2)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -2 Interesting Facts: Beneficial to human health in moderation and used in the production of ceramics. Notable Properties: shaped like dumbbells, spindles, ovals

Sulfite (SO3^-2)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -2 Interesting Facts: Common foods that may contain sulfites include dried fruits, pickles, jams, juices, soft drinks, cider, beer, and certain condiments. Notable Properties: colorless gas with a choking odor

Dichromate (Cr2O7^ -2)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -2 Interesting Facts: Oxidizing agent in organic chemistry. Used for leather tanning. Notable Properties: usually an orange or red salt

Peroxide (O2 ^-2)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -2 Interesting Facts: Peroxide is a mild antiseptic used on the skin to prevent infection of minor cuts, scrapes, and burns. It may also be used as a mouth rinse to help remove mucus or to relieve minor mouth irritation. Notable Properties: colorless liquid at room temperature with a bitter taste

Sulfate (SO4^-2)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -2 Interesting Facts: Sulfates are chemicals used as cleansing agents. They're found in household cleaners, detergents, and shampoo. Notable Properties: soluble in water, lathering effects

Carbonate (CO3 2^-)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -2 Interesting Facts: used for drug development, glass making, pulp and in the paper industry. Notable Properties: soft, soluble in hydrochloric acid

Chromate (CrO4 ^-2)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -2 Interesting Facts: used for making pigments for paints and inks. Notable Properties: odorless, yellow powder, insoluble in water

Phosphite (PO3 ^-3)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -3 Interesting Facts: is an essential element for living cells, new growth can't occur without it. Notable Properties: highly mobile in trees and moves bi-directional in the phloem and upward to the leaves in the vascular systems

Arsenate (AsO4^-3)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -3 Interesting Facts: Arsenates are salts. Commonly found in house hold cleaning supplies. Notable Properties: grayish color, tarnishes in air

Phosphate (PO4^-3)

Charge on the polyatomic ion: -3 Interesting Facts: Phosphates are used to build DNA, transfer energy, transfer molecules in and outside of cells. Notable Properties: pale yellowish solid, soluble in water