Elements and the Periodic Table Study Guide

Use the table on your study guide to answer this question. An atom of fluorine has 10 neutrons. What is the total number of other subatomic particles in this atom? a. 9 protons and 9 electrons b. 9 protons and 19 electrons c. 10 protons and 10 electrons d. 19 protons and 19 electrons

(A) 9 protons and 9 electrons

Of the following, the group that contains elements that are most reactive is the a. alkali metals. b. alkaline earth metals. c. carbon family. d. inert gases.

(A) alkali metals

Elements that are shiny conductive solids at room temperature are likely to be classified as which of the following? a. metals b. nonmetals c. inert gases d. semimetals

(A) metals

The atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of a. protons. b. electrons. c. neutrons. d. isotopes.

(A) protons.

Unstable atomic nuclei that release fast-moving particles and energy are a. radioactive. b. alloys. c. isotopes. d. alpha particles.

(A) radioactive.

Below is a square taken from the periodic table. Identify the type of information given by each labeled item. A------- 28 B------- Ni C------- Nickel D------ 58.71

(A): 28 = atomic number (B): Ni = chemical symbol (C): Nickel = element name (D): 58.71 = atomic mass

Which property of aluminum makes it a suitable metal for soft drink cans? a. It has good electrical conductivity. b. It can be hammered into a thin sheet (malleability). c. It can be drawn into long wires (ductility). d. It can reflect light (shininess).

(B) It can be hammered into a thin sheet (malleability).

The horizontal rows in the periodic table are called a. groups. b. periods. c. nonmetals. d. metals.

(B) periods.

Unlike metals, solid nonmetals are a. good conductors of heat and electric current. b. malleable. c. dull and brittle. d. ductile.

(C) dull and brittle.

Use the diagram on your study guide to answer this question. What isotope does the diagram represent? a. carbon-12 b. nitrogen-14 c. nitrogen-15 d. oxygen-15

(C) nitrogen-15

Why is the mass of a carbon atom greater than the total mass of its protons and electrons? a. The mass of a proton is greater than the mass of an electron. b. A proton is positively charged and an electron is negatively charged. c. Most of the atom's volume is the sphere-shaped cloud of electrons. d. One or more neutrons in the nucleus add mass to the atom.

(D) One or more neutrons in the nucleus add mass to the atom.

Use the table on your study guide to answer this question. What element has an atomic number of 18? a. hydrogen b. oxygen c. fluorine d. argon

(D) argon

Use the table on your study guide to answer this question. Which elements are inert gases? a. oxygen, fluorine, and neon b. sulfur, chlorine, and argon c. oxygen, fluorine, and chlorine d. neon and argon

(D) neon and argon

Use the diagram on your study guide to answer this question. What type of radioactive decay resulted in uranium-238 becoming thorium-234? How do you know?

Alpha decay; the atomic number decreased by 2 and the mass number decreased by 4, which is what happens when an atom emits an alpha particle.

Suppose scientists synthesized a new element with atomic number 120. Use what you know about the organization of the periodic table to predict the properties of this new element.

Element 120 would be radioactive and would likely have reactivity similar to that of the alkaline earth metals. (Group 2)

Use the periodic table to name two elements that have properties similar to those of chlorine (Cl).

Fluorine and bromine have properties similar to those of chlorine.

Use the diagram on your study guide to answer this question. How many elements are the diagram? How many different isotopes of each element are there?

Four elements - two isotopes of uranium (U-238, U-234), two isotopes of thorium (Th-234, Th-230), and one isotope each of protactinium and radium (Pa-234, Ra-226).

Of the elements oxygen (O), zinc (Zn), and iodine (I), which one is likely to be a poor conductor of electricity and a brittle solid at room temperature?

Iodine is most likely to be a poor conductor of electricity and a brittle solid at room temperature.

Use the diagram on your study guide to answer this question. What information would you need to have in order to extend the graph to show how radon-226 changes?

It would be necessary to know what type of radioactive decay radon-226 undergoes.

Using the periodic table, predict which element - potassium, iron, or aluminum - is most reactive. Explain.

Potassium is most reactive. The metals in Group 1 are more reactive than other metals.

List three kinds of particles that make up atoms, and compare their masses and their locations in an atom.

Proton: mass = about one amu, location = nucleus Neutron: mass = about one amu, location=nucleus Electron: mass = 1/1,836 amu, location = outside the nucleus

What properties of radioactive isotopes make them useful?

Radioactive isotopes give off energy that can be used to generate electricity. Also, the radiation that the isotopes give off allows them to be used as tracers and in diagnosing and treating disease.

What discoveries about the atom did Rutherford make from his team's experiments?

Rutherford discovered that an atom is mostly empty space, with electrons moving around a small, positively charged nucleus in the center of the atom.

The atomic mass or iron is 55.847 amu. Why isn't this value a whole number?

The atomic mass is determined by the combined percentages of the masses of all its isotopes.

Use the periodic table to find the atomic number and atomic mass of neon (Ne).

The atomic number of neon is 10 and the atomic mass is 20.179 amu.

What property of the materials used in computer chips makes them useful as switches that turn electricity on and off?

The materials used in computer chips are semiconductors, which have the property of conducting electric current under some conditions and not under other conditions.

Use the diagram on your study guide to answer this question. What do the numbers on the x-axis and y-axis tell you about atomic particles in the nuclei of the isotopes?

The x-axis (atomic number) tells the number of protons in the nuclei of each isotope. Mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nuclei. The number of neutrons can be found by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.

How do two isotopes of an element differ from one another? How are they similar?

They have a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons.

Use the diagram on your study guide to answer this question. How do you know from the diagram that thorium-230 is radioactive?

Thorium-230 must be radioactive because it decays into radium-226.

Use the diagram on your study guide to answer this question. Describe how thorium-234 is changed into uranium-234.

Thorium-234 undergoes beta decay to form protactinium-234, which undergoes beta decay to form uranium-234.

Dmitri Mendeleev constructed the first periodic table, which is what?

an arrangement of elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties

Carbon-12 and carbon-13 are examples of isotopes, which are what?

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Uranium and radon share the property of radioactivity, which means what?

being able to spontaneously emit radiation

Germanium is an example of a semimetal, an element whose properties are what?

between those of metals and nonmetals

A property of metals is high thermal conductivity, which means what?

the ability of an object to transfer heat