Emergency Management Chapter 1-5

The Georgia High School Heat Illness project discovered that exertional heat stroke cases were prevalent in the first week of the season when practice duration exceeded _______ minutes

120

Which of the following blood pressure measurements is at highest risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease?

138/90

Survival rates for sudden cardiac arrest victims declined by _____% per minute for every minute that defibrillation is delayed.

7-10

Commotio cordis occurs most commonly in athletes of ages

8-18

CAD accounts for approximately ______% of sudden death during physical exertion in adults.

80%

A device that is used to deliver an electric shock in the event of a person collapsing from cardiac arrest is called

AED

The first annual survey of football fatalities was initiated by

AFCA

Coronary artery anomalies

Accounts for the second leading cause of SCD in athletes (15%)

Myocarditis

Acute inflammation of the muscular tissue of the heart caused by a noncommunicable virus

From the following, which factors contribute to the induction of commotio cordis?

Age, Sex, Projectile physical characteristics, speed of projectile/impact, impact location over the heart (All the above)

Licensed medical professional that specializes in the recognition, assessment, prevention, and treatment of sports-related injuries is known as

Athletic Trainer

It is ideal for the development and implementation of emergency action plan and the policies and procedures for sports related emergency to be done by

Athletic trainer, head coach, athletic director, school principal

Commotio cordis occurs from

Chest wall impact from a seemingly innocent blow

Aortic rupture

Commonly a condition resulting from Marfan syndrome

The most common cause of exercise-related sudden cardiac death in older athletes is

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

A fatality resulting directly from participation in the fundamental skills of the sport

Direct fatality

An injury resulting directly from participation in the fundamental skills of the sport

Direct injury

Heat acclimatization guideline by NATA includes the modifications of:

Equipment, number of practices permitted per day, duration of practice

A normal physical examination guarantees against sudden cardiovascular events during physical exertion.

False

According to the Georgia State High School Athletics Association's guideline, maximum practice time is 2 hours when the wet bulb globe temperature reading is over 90 degrees F.

False

After an AED has analyzed heart rhythm and no shock is recommended, it is not necessary to continue CPR

False

Chest protectors have been shown to decrease the risk for commotio cordis.

False

Currently, direct football deaths occur more frequently than indirect football deaths.

False

Extreme cold conditions have not been associated with acute cardiovascular events.

False

Gymnastics has the highest reported number of direct fatalities in high school and college level winter sports.

False

Having a HDL-C level of >60 mg/dl is considered a negative risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

False

If an athlete is cleared to participate in sport after preparticipation exams (PPEs) in the freshman year, the dame athlete does not need to take another PPE until he or she graduates.

False

In the animal model, the majority of chest impact induced ventricular fibrillation occurs at projectile speeds of 50-70 mph.

False

Softer projectiles have been associated with lower incidence of ventricular fibrillation.

False

The introduction of face shields to reduce eye injuries in girls' lacrosse was supported by scientific data.

False

The majority of football deaths occur during practice.

False

The proportion of sudden cardiac death occurs more often in Caucasian athletes than African American athletes.

False

The rate of direct fatalities in collegiate athletes is 1.21 per 100,000 participants.

False

You do not need to have medical coverage during strength and conditioning sessions.

False

Seventy percent of the football indirect deaths in high school were related to

Heart and heat

Those at increased risk of having underlying coronary artery disease include all but

History of alcoholism

Which of the following is (are) true regarding location of chest impact?

Impacts outside the borders of cardiac silhouette have no resulted in ventricular fibrillation and impacts over the center of the left ventricle are most likely to induce ventricular fibrillation

A fatality caused by systemic failure as a result of exertion while participating in a sport or activity

Indirect fatality

Factors associated with commotio cordis include all of the following except

Intrinsic heart disease

According to epidemiological data, which of the following individuals has the highest risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD)?

Male, African American, collegiate level football player

From the following, who is at highest risk to suffer commotio cordis during athletic participation?

Males<18 years old

Which of the following conditions can be described as structural causes of sudden cardiac death in young athletes?

Marfan syndrome

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Pathologic hypertrophy of the heart wall muscle

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of death in sports?

Pneumothorax

Core elements of comprehensive emergency response plan for sudden cardiac arrest include all of the following except

Preparticipation exam covering relevant symptoms and family history

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Progressive fibro-fatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium, causing wall thinning and right ventricular dilation

Ventricular fibrillation may occur from

Scarred heart tissue, plaque disruption, prior CAD and myocardial infraction

Factors associated with coronary artery disease include all but

Those on blood thinning medications

A warm up will reduce the likelihood of cardiac ischemia with sudden intense physical effort.

True

Commotio cordis is not exclusive to sports.

True

Ideally, each athletic venue for practices, games, or other athletics events should have an AED available within 1 minute of the venue.

True

Increased risk for commotio cordis is seen with those who have a decreased compliance of the chest wall.

True

It is recommended by NATA to obtain athlete's sickle cell trait status before allowing participation in sports.

True

Larger objects have trended to distribute the energy of impact and therefore have produced fewer episodes of ventricular fibrillation.

True

NFHS has the power to mandate health and safety policy changes at the high school level.

True

No child should return to physical activity unless the child has managed to return to school.

True

Previous studies suggest that female gender protects against SCD.

True

Regardless of high school or college level, the majority of fatalities occur in the fall sports season as compared to the winter or spring sport seasons.

True

Sickle cell trait is one of the leading causes of death in athletes.

True

Sudden cardiac death is defined as sudden death of an individual within 1 hour after exercise due to a cardiovascular disorder.

True

Sudden cardiac death is more common in male athletes than female athletes.

True

The first clinical manifestation of cardiac disease in the majority of athletes who suffer from SCD is chest pain.

True

The incidence of exercise-related sudden cardiac death (SCD) is higher in adults than young adults.

True

The majority of adult athletes who suffer sudden cardiac death during an athletic event had probable cardiac symptoms before death.

True

Unless the fundamentals of the sport are changed, the injury rates in the sport of football will not change significantly.

True

When making policy changes, it is important to make decisions base on casual observation and intuition.

True

At which of the following time points of the cardiac cycle would a chest impact cause the highest incidence of ventricular fibrillation?

Upstroke of T-wave

Commotio cordis will cause death due to

Ventricular fibrillation

An environmental measure that is derived from a formula that incorporates the dry bulb, wet bulb, and black globe is known as

WBGT

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research compiles information regarding catastrophic injury from

Youth and professional football, high school and colleges

Ion Channel disorders

electrical disease of the heart predisposing to potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias

Delayed application of AED

extrinsic

Firm projectile to the chest

extrinsic

Age

intrinsic

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

intrinsic

Myocarditis

intrinsic

The key players to implement strategies to reduce sudden death in sport and also handle these situations when they occur are the

team physician, athletic trainer, athletic director, coaches

Deaths during strength and conditioning sessions occur when

the exercise program is too intense or too soon, there is no medical coverage, the exercise program is used as a punishment