Emergency Management Chapter 1-5
The Georgia High School Heat Illness project discovered that exertional heat stroke cases were prevalent in the first week of the season when practice duration exceeded _______ minutes
120
Which of the following blood pressure measurements is at highest risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease?
138/90
Survival rates for sudden cardiac arrest victims declined by _____% per minute for every minute that defibrillation is delayed.
7-10
Commotio cordis occurs most commonly in athletes of ages
8-18
CAD accounts for approximately ______% of sudden death during physical exertion in adults.
80%
A device that is used to deliver an electric shock in the event of a person collapsing from cardiac arrest is called
AED
The first annual survey of football fatalities was initiated by
AFCA
Coronary artery anomalies
Accounts for the second leading cause of SCD in athletes (15%)
Myocarditis
Acute inflammation of the muscular tissue of the heart caused by a noncommunicable virus
From the following, which factors contribute to the induction of commotio cordis?
Age, Sex, Projectile physical characteristics, speed of projectile/impact, impact location over the heart (All the above)
Licensed medical professional that specializes in the recognition, assessment, prevention, and treatment of sports-related injuries is known as
Athletic Trainer
It is ideal for the development and implementation of emergency action plan and the policies and procedures for sports related emergency to be done by
Athletic trainer, head coach, athletic director, school principal
Commotio cordis occurs from
Chest wall impact from a seemingly innocent blow
Aortic rupture
Commonly a condition resulting from Marfan syndrome
The most common cause of exercise-related sudden cardiac death in older athletes is
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
A fatality resulting directly from participation in the fundamental skills of the sport
Direct fatality
An injury resulting directly from participation in the fundamental skills of the sport
Direct injury
Heat acclimatization guideline by NATA includes the modifications of:
Equipment, number of practices permitted per day, duration of practice
A normal physical examination guarantees against sudden cardiovascular events during physical exertion.
False
According to the Georgia State High School Athletics Association's guideline, maximum practice time is 2 hours when the wet bulb globe temperature reading is over 90 degrees F.
False
After an AED has analyzed heart rhythm and no shock is recommended, it is not necessary to continue CPR
False
Chest protectors have been shown to decrease the risk for commotio cordis.
False
Currently, direct football deaths occur more frequently than indirect football deaths.
False
Extreme cold conditions have not been associated with acute cardiovascular events.
False
Gymnastics has the highest reported number of direct fatalities in high school and college level winter sports.
False
Having a HDL-C level of >60 mg/dl is considered a negative risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
False
If an athlete is cleared to participate in sport after preparticipation exams (PPEs) in the freshman year, the dame athlete does not need to take another PPE until he or she graduates.
False
In the animal model, the majority of chest impact induced ventricular fibrillation occurs at projectile speeds of 50-70 mph.
False
Softer projectiles have been associated with lower incidence of ventricular fibrillation.
False
The introduction of face shields to reduce eye injuries in girls' lacrosse was supported by scientific data.
False
The majority of football deaths occur during practice.
False
The proportion of sudden cardiac death occurs more often in Caucasian athletes than African American athletes.
False
The rate of direct fatalities in collegiate athletes is 1.21 per 100,000 participants.
False
You do not need to have medical coverage during strength and conditioning sessions.
False
Seventy percent of the football indirect deaths in high school were related to
Heart and heat
Those at increased risk of having underlying coronary artery disease include all but
History of alcoholism
Which of the following is (are) true regarding location of chest impact?
Impacts outside the borders of cardiac silhouette have no resulted in ventricular fibrillation and impacts over the center of the left ventricle are most likely to induce ventricular fibrillation
A fatality caused by systemic failure as a result of exertion while participating in a sport or activity
Indirect fatality
Factors associated with commotio cordis include all of the following except
Intrinsic heart disease
According to epidemiological data, which of the following individuals has the highest risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD)?
Male, African American, collegiate level football player
From the following, who is at highest risk to suffer commotio cordis during athletic participation?
Males<18 years old
Which of the following conditions can be described as structural causes of sudden cardiac death in young athletes?
Marfan syndrome
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Pathologic hypertrophy of the heart wall muscle
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of death in sports?
Pneumothorax
Core elements of comprehensive emergency response plan for sudden cardiac arrest include all of the following except
Preparticipation exam covering relevant symptoms and family history
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Progressive fibro-fatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium, causing wall thinning and right ventricular dilation
Ventricular fibrillation may occur from
Scarred heart tissue, plaque disruption, prior CAD and myocardial infraction
Factors associated with coronary artery disease include all but
Those on blood thinning medications
A warm up will reduce the likelihood of cardiac ischemia with sudden intense physical effort.
True
Commotio cordis is not exclusive to sports.
True
Ideally, each athletic venue for practices, games, or other athletics events should have an AED available within 1 minute of the venue.
True
Increased risk for commotio cordis is seen with those who have a decreased compliance of the chest wall.
True
It is recommended by NATA to obtain athlete's sickle cell trait status before allowing participation in sports.
True
Larger objects have trended to distribute the energy of impact and therefore have produced fewer episodes of ventricular fibrillation.
True
NFHS has the power to mandate health and safety policy changes at the high school level.
True
No child should return to physical activity unless the child has managed to return to school.
True
Previous studies suggest that female gender protects against SCD.
True
Regardless of high school or college level, the majority of fatalities occur in the fall sports season as compared to the winter or spring sport seasons.
True
Sickle cell trait is one of the leading causes of death in athletes.
True
Sudden cardiac death is defined as sudden death of an individual within 1 hour after exercise due to a cardiovascular disorder.
True
Sudden cardiac death is more common in male athletes than female athletes.
True
The first clinical manifestation of cardiac disease in the majority of athletes who suffer from SCD is chest pain.
True
The incidence of exercise-related sudden cardiac death (SCD) is higher in adults than young adults.
True
The majority of adult athletes who suffer sudden cardiac death during an athletic event had probable cardiac symptoms before death.
True
Unless the fundamentals of the sport are changed, the injury rates in the sport of football will not change significantly.
True
When making policy changes, it is important to make decisions base on casual observation and intuition.
True
At which of the following time points of the cardiac cycle would a chest impact cause the highest incidence of ventricular fibrillation?
Upstroke of T-wave
Commotio cordis will cause death due to
Ventricular fibrillation
An environmental measure that is derived from a formula that incorporates the dry bulb, wet bulb, and black globe is known as
WBGT
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research compiles information regarding catastrophic injury from
Youth and professional football, high school and colleges
Ion Channel disorders
electrical disease of the heart predisposing to potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias
Delayed application of AED
extrinsic
Firm projectile to the chest
extrinsic
Age
intrinsic
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
intrinsic
Myocarditis
intrinsic
The key players to implement strategies to reduce sudden death in sport and also handle these situations when they occur are the
team physician, athletic trainer, athletic director, coaches
Deaths during strength and conditioning sessions occur when
the exercise program is too intense or too soon, there is no medical coverage, the exercise program is used as a punishment